Detroit Dialogue · City of Detroit Dashboard . Affiliated with the Michigan Nonprofit Association...

A Michigan Nonprofit Association Affiliate

Detroit Dialogue: Sprawl & Consequences

European Marshall Memorial Fellows

Erica Raleigh, Data Driven Detroit October 2014

Affiliated with the Michigan Nonprofit Association A Michigan Nonprofit Association Affiliate


Source: U.S. EPA

A Michigan Nonprofit Association Affiliate A Michigan Nonprofit Association Affiliate

“Housing Disassembly Line”

¨  Since 1950 we have built an average of 10,000 more housing units in the tri-county area each year than households required

¨  Excess supply on the fringe causes successive filtering outward, leaving tens of thousands of vacant dwellings in the core

Source: George Galster, Driving Detroit: The Quest for Respect in the Motor City


285,

704

467,

766

993,

678

1,56

8,66

2

1,62

3,45

2

1,84

9,56

8

1,67

0,14

4

1,51

4,06

3

1,20

3,36

8

1,02

7,97

4

951,

270

713,

777

296,

532

293,

715

474,

286 81

3,53

3

990,

392

1,49

5,22

5

2,51

1,21

0

3,22

1,94

5

3,47

9,35

8

3,56

2,49

4

3,88

2,22

3

3,99

0,96

6

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Detroit 7-County Suburbs

The 1950’s Marked the Turning Point for Detroit’s Population Decline

Source: Census Bureau


GENESEELAPEER

LIVINGSTON

MONROE

ST.CLAIR

WASHTENAW

MACOMB

OAKLAND

WAYNE


0 5 102.5Miles °Sources: US Census SF1 2000, 2010.

Data Driven Detroit. Created May 2013.

Pct Change Total Pop.By Census Tract

-100.0% to -20.0%

-19.9% to -10.0%

-9.9% to 0.0%

0.1% to 10.0%

10.1% to 20.0%

20.1% and above

No Pop. 2000 and 2010

Counties

Municipalities

Percent Changein Population 2000-2010,By Census Tract,Tri-County Area, MI

2000-2010 Population Change

Detroit: -25%

Inner ring Ferndale: -10%

Dearborn: +0.4% Southfield: -8%

Fringe

Oakland Charter Township: +28% Lenox Township: +24%

Canton Township: +18%


GENESEELAPEER

LIVINGSTON

MONROE

ST.CLAIR

WASHTENAW

MACOMB

OAKLAND

WAYNE


0 5 102.5

Miles °Sources: US Census SF1 2010.


Pct Vacant Housing Units

By Census Tract

0.0% to 4.9%

5.0% to 9.9%

10.0% to 14.9%

15.0% to 19.9%

20.0% to 24.9%

25.0% and above

No Housing Units

Counties

Municipalities

Percent Vacant

Housing Units 2010,

By Census Tract,

Tri-County Area, MI

Detroit Stats

Vacant commercial and residential addresses (2013):

28.3%

Parcels without structures (2014): 30.2%

Publicly owned parcels (2014):

>80,000

Tax foreclosures, soon to be publicly owned parcels:

70,000-90,000

(~380,000 parcels in Detroit)


Detroit Housing

¨  61% of owner-occupied housing units are valued below $50,000

¨  34% of these households pay more than 30% of household income on housing

¨  66% of renter-occupied households pay more than 30% of household income on housing

Source: Census Bureau, 2013 ACS


7.0%

16.2

%

17.9

%

21.0

%

25.9

%

9.3%

8.2%

25.8

%

24.3

%

15.7

%

38.1

%

13.4

%

45.4

%

29.1

%

27.5

%

26.2

%

50.0

%

46.3

%

77.4

%

45.7

%

68.7

%

33.6

%

45.1

%

63.2

%

65.6

%

24.2

%

29.4

%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Detroit Cleveland Chicago Indianapolis Pittsburgh Atlanta Los Angeles Phoenix Portland

Beyond 10 Miles

3 to 10 Miles

Within 3 Miles

Detroit is the Most Decentralized (Sprawled) Employment Metro in the US

Source: Brookings Institution, Job Sprawl Revisited, 2009

•  108,000 Jobs lost between 1998 and 2006 •  3.1% Growth of jobs beyond 10 miles away


Employment:Population Unemployment Rate

United States 58.6 8.1%

Detroit-Warren-Livonia MSA 53.3 10.5%

Wayne County 47.7 13.8%

Detroit 39.7 19.7%

Detroit’s unemployment rate is 2.5 times that of the U.S., with an employment to population ratio level at 2/3 of the U.S.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics


GENESEELAPEER

LIVINGSTON

MONROE

ST.CLAIR

WASHTENAW

MACOMB

OAKLAND

WAYNE


0 5 102.5Miles °Sources: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate 2007-2011.


Pct College Grad 25+By Census Tract

0.0% to 7.9%

8.0% to 13.9%

14.0% to 19.9%

20.0% to 29.9%

30.0% to 44.9%

45.0% to 82.9%

No Pop 25+

Counties

Municipalities

Percent College GraduateAges 25 And Up 2007-2011,By Census Tract,Tri-County Area, MI

Detroit Stats (2013), Population 25 and Older

Bachelor’s degree or higher:

13%

High school diploma or less: 54%


0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

United States Michigan Macomb Oakland Washtenaw Out-Wayne Detroit

Bachelor's Degree or Higher

Associate's Degree

Some College, no Degree

HS Graduate

Less than HS

Michigan and Parts of SE Michigan, particularly Detroit, Trail the Nation in Education Attainment of Working Age (25-64 Years) Population

Source: Census Bureau, 2010 ACS


Detroit Stats (2013)

Total population in poverty: 41%

Children in poverty:

59%


GENESEELAPEER

LIVINGSTON

MONROE

ST.CLAIR

WASHTENAW

MACOMB

OAKLAND

WAYNE


0 5 102.5Miles °Sources: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate 2007-2011.


Median HH Income

By Census Tract

$0.00 to $25,000.00

$25,000.01 to $40,000.00

$40,000.01 to $50,000.00

$50,000.01 to $60,000.00

$60,000.01 to $80,000.00

$80,000.01 to $171,701.00

Counties

Municipalities

Median Household

Income 2007-2011,

By Census Tract,Tri-County Area, MI


Median Household Income in 2010 Adjusted US Dollars 1999 (2000 Census) 2010 ACS Change Percent Change

United States 54,941 50,046 -4,905 -8.90%

Michigan 58,449 45,413 -13,036 -22.30%

Detroit MSA 64,348 48,198 -16,150 -25.10%

City of Detroit 38,636 29,526 -12,849 -33.30%

Source: 2000 Census and 2010 ACS

*Note: All 1999 monetary values are adjusted to 2010 US dollars using the US Consumer Price Research Series index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U-RS) from 1999 to 2009. Source: US Department of Labor

Household Incomes Throughout Michigan Have Decreased at Rates Three Times that of the Nation


Detroit Revenue Sources

¨  Property tax

¨  Income tax

¨  Other local taxes

¨  State revenue sharing


Detroit Revenue Sources

¨  Property tax ¤ Declining occupancy, decreasing values

¨  Income tax ¤ High unemployment, low income, business

exodus

¨  Other local taxes ¤ Decline expected to continue

¨  State revenue sharing ¤ Continuing decline


Is Detroit Dead? - Peter Eisinger, Journal of Urban

Affairs, October 27, 2013

Photo Sources: nytimes.com


Solution?

¨  Detroit’s situation is the result of forces operating beyond its borders, and Detroit-centric solutions will not be enough.

¨  The only path forward to enact real change must be regional in scope.


Resources

¨  Data Driven Detroit ¤ Open Data Site ¤ One D Scorecard ¤ Other Interactive Tools

¨  Motor City Mapping ¨  Detroit Blight Removal Task Force ¨  Detroit Future City ¨  City of Detroit Dashboard


Erica Raleigh [email protected] TechTown 440 Burroughs #330 Detroit, Michigan 48202

www.DataDrivenDetroit.org

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