DETERMINANTS OF THE SPANISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ACTIVITY: EVOLUTION AND EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN
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DETERMINANTS OF THE SPANISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ACTIVITY: EVOLUTION AND EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN
Eva Parga-Dans Institute of Heritage Sciences
(Incipit-CSIC), Spain
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RESEARCH CONTEXT
SPANISH
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
LABOUR MARKET
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Methods
1. Qualitative step. Expert panel, secondary sources, 107 open-ended interviews, case studies.
2. Quantitative step to collect information about labor market. Survey (personal interviews with CEO or senior VP) 80% response rate (217 over 273 firms).
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Survey Procedure
A database was constructed
Telephone contact
Assited questionnaire using an on-line application
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Telephone survey
Codifying and processing the information
Production of global frequencies
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Defining the boundaries of Spanish archaeological sector
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Results
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Spain“Spanish Heritage Historic Law” 19853.000 archaeologists (aprox.)273 firms (2009)
Research Context
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- Products (Services): - Heritage management protection (documentation, intervention,
enhancement). It requires public authorization- Expert consultancy- Dissemination activities
A complex sectoral system (I)
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Spanish Market Developing Process
Number of firms created per year (total number of firms).
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Firm Profile
- Labour Market: 2.358 people working in archaeological companies in 2009
- Small firm size (25% have just one employee)- Archaeological firms have a highly localized scope (73% of these
organizations work in the region in which they are located).- Low turnover (38% do not reach 100.000€ per year)
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Business trend
Archaeological industry is a recent market activity in Spain that had registered a fast growing process: 273 firms in 2009. However, if faces mounting inter-firm competition due to economic slowdown.
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DEMAND PROFILE
Main clients, data expressed in percentages
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HUMAN CAPITAL
Human capital educational level, data expressed in porcentages
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Discovering the Archaeologists of Europe Project
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From 2009 to 2013
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In 2013: Data Collection
Survey to collect information about Spanish archaeological labor market:- Design the questionnaire- Online application (July-August 2013)- 233 active firms (over 273 in 2009)- Survey oriented to other organizations where archaeologists
are working - Telephone Survey
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Survey Procedure
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Survey Procedure
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Survey Procedure
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Organization NºCompany 106Self employee 32Public administration 4Museum 1Foundation 3Total 146
Preliminary results
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Preliminary Results (II)
- Firm size: 57% of organizations has between 1 and 5 employees, 69% of those state that had reduced their size since 2007.
- Turnover: - 45% do not reach100.000 € per year (38% in 2009)- 77% state 2012 turnover is lower than 2010-2011
- Main clients are construction sector and public administrations (the same as in 2009) and general public is becoming more important
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- Adaptation initiatives are required if they want survive:- Diversifying - Specializing- Moving towards other cultural activities
- Basic knowledge and technologies. Include different areas: archaeology, biology, restoration, topography, geo-spatial technologies, etc.
- Knowledge and learning processes: this is an emergent sector and the development of techniques and know-how is something new.
- High qualified level. 71% of employees have a degree and of them 16.2% are PhDs.
Reinvent or Perish Dilemma
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- Archaeological sector in Spain is an emergent activity that had registered a fast growing process: 273 firms in 2009.
- However, it faces mounting inter-firm competition due to economic slowdown and the dependence of the construction sector.
- High qualified human capital and knowledge-base activity are the main opportunities in the changing environmental conditions.
Conclusions
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Thank you!