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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal
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DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM
IN HALISAHAR MUNICIPALITY
UNDER NRGBA
ESAMP
Submitted by:
Corporate
Office:
IPE GLOBAL PRIVATE LIMITED
IPE Towers, B – 84, Defence Colony, BhishamPitamah Marg,
New Delhi -110024 Phone: +91-11- 4075 5900 / 24339533 / 24339534
SUBMITTED TO:
KOLKATA METROPOLITAN DEVELOPEMENT
AUTHORITY (KMDA),
KOLKATA, WEST BANGAL
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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 9
1.1 Ganga Clean Up Initiatives.............................................................................................. 9
1.2 National Ganga River Basin Programme ...................................................................... 10
1.2.1 World Bank Assistance ........................................................................................ 11
1.3 Project Component ......................................................................................................... 11
1.2.1 Component One: Institutional Development ................................................... 11
1.2.2Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments .................................... 12
1.4 Relevance of NRGBA in Halisahar Municipality ........................................................... 13
1.5 Need for Environment and Social Management Framework under NGRBP................. 14
1.6 The structure of the Report............................................................................................. 15
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 17
2.1 About Halisahar Municipality ........................................................................................ 17
2.2 Existing Sewerage Facility in Halisahar ................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Existing Sewerage: ................................................................................................ 18
2.2.2 Sanitation ............................................................................................................... 21
2.2.3 Other on-going works .............................................................................................. 22
2.3 The Need for the Project ................................................................................................ 22
Description of the Proposed Sewerage Project ................................................................... 22
2.3.1 Main Components of the Project ............................................................................. 24
2.3.2 Implementation Schedule .................................................................................... 34
2.3.3 Cost Summary ....................................................................................................... 35
3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................... 38
3.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 39
3.2 Screening and Categorization ........................................................................................ 40
3.3 Screening Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 46
4. REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................... 48
4.1Applicable Laws and Regulations-Environmental .......................................................... 48
4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India .............................................................. 48
4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and other related Regulations ........................................ 49
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4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social ..................................................................... 51
4.3 Other legislations applicable to construction activities ................................................. 66
4.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies ..................................................................................... 68
5. BASELINE STATUS ......................................................................................................... 70
5.1 Baseline Environmental Features .................................................................................. 70
5.1.1 Physiography and Topography ................................................................................ 70
5.1.2 Climate..................................................................................................................... 70
5.1.3 Soil Type and Pollution ........................................................................................... 70
5.1.4 Air Pollution: ......................................................................................................... 71
5.1.5 Noise Pollution: ..................................................................................................... 72
5.1.6 Water Environment .................................................................................................. 72
5.1.7 Drainage................................................................................................................... 78
5.1.8 Solid waste Management ......................................................................................... 79
5.1.9 Flora and Fauna ....................................................................................................... 80
5.2 Baseline Socio- Economic Status ................................................................................... 81
5.2.1 Demographic profile ................................................................................................ 81
5.2.2 Socio Economic status ............................................................................................. 83
5.2.3 Household survey in the project Area ..................................................................... 84
5.2.4 Traffic Analysis ....................................................................................................... 86
6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ............................................................ 90
6.1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ................................................................. 90
6.1.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................... 90
6.1.2 Noise ........................................................................................................................ 91
6.1.3 Water Quality .......................................................................................................... 91
6.1.4 Waste Management ................................................................................................. 92
6.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety .............................................................................. 92
6.1.6 Traffic Flow ............................................................................................................. 93
6.1.7 Project Impacts ...................................................................................................... 93
6.2 Stakeholder Feedback on Perceived Impact ............................................................ 99
6.2.1 Identification of sensitive locations ....................................................................... 100
6.2.2 Assessment of environmental and social impact by stakeholders ......................... 100
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN........................ 112
1. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................. 112
1.1 Specific activities by Design Built Operate ( DBO) Operator . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
1.2 Implementation of EMP .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
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1.3 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator .. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
1.4 Implementation of EMP .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.6 Cost of ESMP ........................................................................................................... 132
7.7 Public Involvement and Disclosure.............................................................................. 139
7.8 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 139
Appendix 1 .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator .. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
7.3 Implementation of EMP .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 2 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring ........................................................... 143
ANNEXURE – 1: Households Questionnaire.................................................................... 145
ANNEXURE - 2: Sample Survey Sheets ............................................................................ 147
ANNEXURE – 3: FGD Query Sheet .................................................................................. 151
ANNEXURE – 4: Glimpses of the FGD and Household survey conducted in Sensitive
Locations of Halisahar Municipality .................................................................................. 154
Tables
Table 3.1: Environmental and Social Information Format for Screening ........................... 40
Table 4.1 Key Environmental Laws relevant to the project .............................................. 49
Table 4.2 Other legislations applicable ............................................................................ 67
Table 5.1: Pollution Status in Halisahar town .................................................................. 74
Table 5.2: Status of Water supply Infrastructure facility in Halisahar Municipality ........... 76
Table 5.3: Ward Wise Status of Water Supply in Halisahar .............................................. 77
Table 5.4: Drainage network coverage in Halisahar ......................................................... 78
Table 5.5: Solid waste Management status ..................................................................... 80
Table 5.6: Working status of population in Halisahar ...................................................... 82
Table 5.7: Population profile of Halisahar ....................................................................... 82
Table 5.8: Income and expenditure status ....................................................................... 84
Table 5.9 Modal Split in Peak Period ............................................................................... 86
Table5.10: Modal Split in Lean Period ............................................................................ 87
Table 6.2: Environment and Social Impact Assessment .................................................. 106
Table 1-1: Environment Management Plan ............................................................. 115
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Table 7.3: Estimated Cost of ESMP ................................................................................ 133
Table 0-1: Environment Management Plan ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7.5 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Construction Phase (2 Years) ................. 143
Table 7.6: Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Operational Phase (5 Years).................... 144
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Expanded Notation
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
DO Dissolved Oxygen
ESAMP Environment and Social Assessment and Management Plan
EMP Environment Management Plan
ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework
GAP Ganga Action Plan
GoI Government of India
IA Implementing Agency
KMDA Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
LS Lifting Station
MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests
MPS Main Pumping Station
NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority
NCRD National River Conservation Directorate
PEA
QCBS
Project Execution Agency
Quality and Cost Based Selection
SC Schedule Caste
ST Schedule Tribe
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SMP Social Management Plan
WBPCB West Bengal Pollution Control Board
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Introduction
River Ganga has significant economic, environmental, and cultural value in India. Rising in
the Himalayas and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses a course of more than
2,500 km through the plains of north and eastern India. However increasing population in
the basin and haphazard urbanization and industrial growth has significantly impacted the
water quality of River Ganga, particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of
pollution are untreated sewage and industrial wastewater.
The previous attempt to clean the river, such as Ganga Action Plan (GAP) launched in 1985
have provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but lot more needs
to be done. Lessons from earlier experience indicate that improving water quality in the
Ganga cannot be achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Any effective initiative
will have to adopt a three-pronged approach by:
i. establishing a basin-level multi-sectoral strategy for addressing pollution in the river;
ii. making relevant institutions operational and effective and;
iii. Implementing a phased program for Ganga clean-up.
Ganga Action plan program for Halisahar Town was initiated in the year 1990. In order to
give effect to the above pollution abatement measures, schemes were designed as per the
guidelines framed by GAP/ NCRD and execution of schemes was planned under two
phases. However no work was completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase I.
Works completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase II include an Interception & Diversion
Scheme that was executed in the town with the view to divert the contaminated flows of city
drain to a sewage treatment plant.
In this scheme, about 3.22 kilometer sewers of size 400/500 mm along with 2 Lifting stations
, 2 main pumping station and 2 Stabilization Ponds type Sewage Treatment Plant were
constructed.
The project is contemplated to divert Bager Khal (a drain coming from Kanchrapara &
Gayespore) along with 2 small drains of Halisahar to a 6.0 MLD Stabilization Pond type STP
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in Kalyani (at the boarder of Halisahar). The other 4 drains of Halisahar are diverted to
another 6.5 MLD Stabilization Pond STP in the central part of Halisahar.
Hence there is no other sewerage line in the town and I&D sewers were not
proposed for house connections. Presently there are 11,094 septic tanks and 4,285
pour flush latrines in the town. About 20-15% of population, particularly from slums
defecate in open or even at the banks of Hooghly. There are 58 notified slums in the
town. Many households have made tiny toilets connected to open drains. The city as
such is deprived of door to door sewerage and residents depend on septic tanks or
bore- hole type latrines, while sullage is passed to open drains. The slum dwellers on
the other hand defecate to open drains through privately partitioned latrines. The
river in the area is extensively used for bathing raising the BOD and Faecal
Chloroform levels. 2. Need for the Comprehensive Sewerage project under NGRBA
In absence of comprehensive sewerage in the town the dry weather foul liquid wastes from
the town continues to find its way to river and particularly from large slums in the town
which have latrines directly connected to the open drains in the vicinity. The non –slum
dwellers are largely dependent on septic tanks and pour flush latrines which again continue
to contaminate ground water as well as open drains by continuous out flows from septic
tanks. This along with sullage from houses and other sources cause contaminated flows in
open drains and near outfalls in river where bathing Ghats are also situated. The tests for
pollution levels in open drains and at bathing ghats shows high faecal coliforms counts at
both places. The BOD levels in some drains were found very high, indicating contaminated
discharges from industries.
It was therefore felt necessary to trap all such pollution sources right at their sources in the
town by a comprehensive sewerage scheme to maintain the sanitation of the town without
any contamination to the river Hooghly.
As a major step in this direction, the Government of India (GoI) established the National
Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) for comprehensive management of the river. The
NGRBA program adopted a river-basin approach and has been given a multi-sectoral
mandate to address both water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has resolved that
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by year 2020 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be discharged into
River Ganga.
Under NGRBA, in Halisahar, the proposed sewerage treatment project has been designed
with the following components
1. Total 10 sewage pumping stations.
2. Total project cost Rs.274.76 cores.
3. Two separate systems designed on east and west side of the Railway line
4. Laying of comprehensive sewer up to house property line
5. Total 226.994 km sewer line including house connection (diameter varies from 150 -
900mm) are proposed
6. 2 lifting station with augmentation (additional deeper sump) and 3 new lifting stations
and also 3 underground L.S
7. Augmentation of 2 Ext. MPS with increasing pump capacity and providing additional
deeper sump within the ext. campus.
8. Augmentation of existing STP of 6.5 mld capacity to 16mld capacity; Effluent disposal
line up to the nearby Kona khal
It may be noted that, like any construction project, the proposed investments under the
NGRBA scheme for Halisahar may have adverse impacts that have to be effectively
managed during the planning, design, construction and operational phases. These impacts
may have the potential to cause major and minor, and reversible and irreversible societal/
community damage.
The Environmental and Social Management Framework is intended to identify the adverse
environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and
procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and
responsibilities of the implementing agencies. The Environment and Social Management
Framework (ESMF), therefore, would be used as an umbrella by the NGRBA program (the
PMG and SPMGs) and all implementing agencies while preparing and/ or appraising,
approving and executing the investments so that all environmental and social impacts are
identified and mitigated appropriately.
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3. The Methodological Approach
The approach to the ESMF preparation was based on an initial Environmental and Social
screening of Halisahar Municipality. Screening conclusions indicate that Halisahar is not
located near any eco-sensitive area. Further the proposed project will not involve any land
acquisition or displacement of any category of people specifically tribals. Hence the
construction of proposed STP will have marginal environmental impact on the adjoining
settlement in terms of dust and noise during construction and can be inferred as a “Low”
impact project.
4. Compliance with Acts and Regulations
However compliance with Air Act 1981, Noise Rules, EP Act 1986, Water Prevention and
Control of Pollution Act 1974 will be mandatory for construction. The Lifting stations being
located in open grounds will not create any environmental impact. The laying of sewer lines
will not produce any significant amount of waste particularly since it will be laid under
minimum 3 m wide roads. The roads will be reinstated to its original conditions after lying
of sewer line. Temporary traffic disruptions will be avoided through appropriate diversions.
There will be no significant adverse impacts in terms of flooding, gas emission, waste
discharge, health risks etc. Hence Environmental Clearances and abidance to Social laws and
Regulations as well as World Bank’s Operational Policies are not relevant in the context of
the Proposed Sewerage project in Halisahar.
5. Baseline Environmental and Social Features of Halisahar
The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river Ganga
flows along the entire west border of the Municipality.The river is confronted with the
problem of pollution in this stretch as 7 outfalls from Halisahar Municipality drain water in
Hooghy River which is a tributary of the Gnages. The BOD3days data for KhasbatiNala,
Kalikatala Nala Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and Ramprasad Ghat although are below 30mg/l
due to the tidal effect, do pose a future treat. Random growth and settlement in the slum
area has choked the natural drainage courses, which in turn causes water logging and
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stagnation in different parts of the municipality. Soil contamination mainly occurring from
industrial and biomedical waste, domestic waste and open defecation/ use of unhygienic
latrines is getting aggravated due the water logging problem. Air pollution in Halisahar
Municipality is due to the existence of large manufacturing units and vehicular traffic which
is constantly on the rise. However Air Pollution indicators like RPM, SPM, SO2 and NO2 do
not raise an alarm as yet and are within the allowable limits. . Noise is not a great problem
for this municipality as it is well within the allowable limits of 85 decibel .However sound
levels indicate a rise in daytime The decibel level in commercial area vary between 65 to 55
decibel in day and night time respectively while it is 55 and 45 decibel in the residential
area.Flora and fauna include those prevalent in an urban ecosystem in the lower gangetic
plain bio-geographical zone and do not pose any threat of serious impact or extinction due
to urban development. To sum up, the environmental indicators do not pose a threat at this
instance. But water and soil pollution levels, if left uncontrolled can lead to an alarming
situation in due course of time.
6. Environmental and Social Impacts and their Mitigation
ESMF intended to identify the minor environmental and social impacts arising out of this
project in the design, construction and post construction phases through technical analysis
and people’s interactions. Household surveys and Focus Group discussion and
consultations were held with stakeholders to identify the impacts of the project on air
quality, noise, water quality, waste management, Occupational health and safety and Traffic
flow
While broad and overall impacts ( temporary and possible )were identified based on
analysis , FGD-s were held in sensitive locations like STP, Lifting Stations, Markets, major
Road junctions and major roads, school, health units, identified by the Councillors and
Municipal functionaries, etc to order assess the specific issues and work on the mitigation
measures .
The impact assessment and steps to mitigate impacts were worked out for all three phases
Design Phase
Construction Phase
Operation Phase
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In the design phase impacts relate to People apprehension of the project, fear for loos of
property, threat of inconvenience which can be mitigated by the Project Implementing
Agency or NGO-s through meetings and different communication means conveying
importance of the project and the low nature of impact. The project will be designed in-
building socially acceptable, environmentally sensitive and technically feasible criteria.
The construction of STP, Lifting Station and sewer lines will involve cutting and excavation
of roads, noise and air pollution leading to inconvenience for traffic movement and general
public, increased toxic material in drains and water bodies resulting from accidental and
emergency overflow of sewage into the local receiving waters etc. Mitigation measures will
involve alternate routing and trenchless technology in major road junctions, alternative
drainage facility to avoid polluting of drains and water bodies creation of green belt for
noise and air barriers. Construction phase will also encounter occupational hazards and
accidents which will be managed by medical insurance coverage and medical aid systems at
worksites. Health and hygiene issues will be handled by creating of potable drinking water
and toilet facilities. Special mitigation measures will be undertaken in sensitive locations like
health centres, schools etc. limiting construction work during busy and scheduled hours.
Renovation of pumping station will cause dust from construction material which need to be
mitigated by spraying of water or creating appropriate facilities for storage. The responsible
agency for implementing the mitigation measures during the construction phase will be the
Project Implementing Agency and the Contractors.
In the operation phase, STP, Lifting Stations may cause percolation of leachate into ground
and surface water which need to be monitored regularly for compliance of with the standard
laid down by the State Pollution Control Board. Bad odour, air pollution, noise pollution, a
possible impact, will be mitigated by buffer zone creation. Careful handling and transport of
drain sludge accumulated through by-passing of sewers Treatment and Disposal will be
required to prevent contamination. Ensuring protective measures to workers as per
occupational and safety norms to mitigate occupational hazards in both construction and
operation phases. Training of workers on safety and health and set down rules and
regulations of all new workers at the site, personal protective protection and preventing
injuring to fellow workers.
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7. Institutional Arrangement for implementing ESAMP
The contractor/DBO Operator shall be responsible to implement the EMP primarily in
assistance with the Project Management Consultant team. The Environmental Specialist
from the Independent Engineer/ Supervision Consultant shall monitor the compliance of
the EMP and all the design drawings of various civil structures shall be implemented after
his approval.
The State, local Government will be responsible for Coordination, Monitoring and
evaluation of the Environment Management Plan. It should ensure all the safeguarding
plans are in line and acted upon. Contractor shall report the implementation of the
Environment Management Plan to the Environmental Expert and the Project management
consultant as well as to WBPC through monthly reports. Further a quarterly report is
required to be prepared and required to be given to National Mission for Clean Ganga
(NMCG) for the progress made in implementing the Environment Management Plan.
Feedback from the local residents can also be taken from time to time to cross check the
contractor’s/DBO operator’s report. Project management consultants should make
inspection visits at construction site to check the implementation of Environment
Management Plan as per the contract.
8. Cost Estimate
Indicative Cost estimatesfor ESMF Plan (including (Environmental Monitoring for
construction and operation phases) has been presented below:
Component Cost in INR
Cost of ESMF Plan ( including (Environmental
Monitoring for construction and operation phases)
78,38,000.00
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
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1. INTRODUCTION
The river Ganga has significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India. Rising in the
Himalayas and flowing in to the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses a course of more than 2,500 km
through the plains of north and eastern India. The Ganga main stem accounts for 26 per cent of
India’s landmass, 30 per cent of its water resources and more than 40 per cent of its population. The
Ganga also serves as one of India’s holiest rivers whose cultural and spiritual significance transcends
the boundaries of the basin.
Despite its importance, extreme pollution pressures from increasing population and industrialization
pose a great threat to the biodiversity and environmental sustainability of the Ganga, with
detrimental effects on both the quantity and quality of its flows. Discharge of untreated sewage and
industrial wastewater, non-point pollution sources from religious activities along the river,
agricultural runoff as well as poor municipal solid waste management are the main causes of
pollution in river Ganga.
1.1 Ganga Clean Up Initiatives
Ganga is culturally very significant for India. It is worshipped throughout the country as a
goddess. Despite being highly revered and the primary water resource for the heartland of
India, the Ganga river is today seriously polluted and under extreme environmental stress.
The river suffers from high levels of organic and bacterial pollution, especially in its critical
middle stretch resulting in a wide range of negative impacts, including on human health,
agriculture, urban services, and the environment. The pollution in the Ganga is primarily a
result of inadequate infrastructure, the weak capacity of local water and wastewater utilities
in the basin, and the poor state of environmental monitoring and regulation.
The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was launched in 1985 and extended to two phases over more
than two decades for cleaning Ganga. It focused primarily on urban wastewater and funded
a large number of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and related urban wastewater
infrastructure. Impact data show that, overall, the program was able to maintain or even
improve water quality in spite of significant increases in pollution loadings due to urban
and industrial growth. An ex-post economic evaluation of the GAP showed that the benefits
far exceeded the costs, with non-use benefits accounting for the majority (61%) of the total
(Ref : Cost Benefit Analysis of the Ganga Action Plan, Oxford University Press, 2000).
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The GAP was later complemented by a similar plan for the river Yamuna, the biggest tributary of the
Ganga. These programmes have faced significant public scrutiny and, despite some gains made in
slowing the rate of water quality degradation, they have been widely perceived as failure. The main
shortcomings of these initiatives were: (1) insufficient investments including underutilization of
created capacity; (2) inadequate attention to institutional dimensions, including the absence of a long-
tem-basin planning and implementation framework; little ownership of local bodies; (3) little effort
made in addressing weakness in urban wastewater, and municipal solid waste management,
environmental quality monitoring, and reporting, regulatory interventions and (4) inadequate
planning, coordination and prioritization of investments, with little emphasis on ensuring their
sustainability. These programs also did not pay sufficient attention to the social dimensions of river
clean-up, failing to recognize the importance of public consultation, participation and awareness-
raising.
Lessons from earlier experience indicate that improving water quality in the Ganga cannot
be achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Any effective initiative will have to
adopt a three-pronged approach by:
i. establishing a basin-level multi-sectoral strategy for addressing pollution in
the river;
ii. making relevant institutions operational and effective (e.g. with the capacity
to plan, implement and manage investments and enforce regulations); and,
iii. Implementing a phased program of prioritized infrastructure investments
(with emphasis on sustainable operations and community support) for Ganga
clean-up.
1.2 National Ganga River Basin Programme
As a major first step in achieving objective of cleaning river Ganga, this direction, the
Government of India (GoI) constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority
(NGRBA) on 20th February 2009, for the comprehensive management of the river. The
NGRB program is entrusted to adopt a river-basin approach and has been given a multi-
sectoral mandate to address both water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has
resolved that by year 2020 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be
discharged into River Ganga within Indian Territory.
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Considering the requirement of large investment to meet above objective, The World Bank has been
formally requested to provide long-term support to NGRBA, through several phases of substantive
financing and knowledge support. While, the overall technical assistance and program development
under the proposed initiatives will focus on the entire Ganga main stem, the initial emphasis of the
specific investments under the first project will focus on main stem of Ganga flowing through five
basin states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal in India. Specifically,
pollution abatement programs in cities on the banks of these States which would include a range of
municipal investments such as sewer networks, waste water treatment facilities, industrial pollution
control measures, municipal solid waste and river front management. This is expected to be achieved
through several phases of substantive financing and knowledge support.
The first project of such several phases of support aims at;
i. Establishing and operationalizing central and state level NGRBA institutions capable of
planning and implementing a multi sectoral river water quality improvement program and;
ii. Reducing pollution loads into the river through selected investments.
1.2.1 World Bank Assistance
The government of India is implementing programme with the assistance from the World
Bank to support the NGRBA in the long term. This assistance aims to support the NGRBA
in establishing its operational level institutions and implementing priority infrastructure
investments.
1.3 Project Component
The NGRBA programme has three components relating to (i) Institutional development; (ii)
Priority Infrastructure Investments and (iii) Project implementation support. In order to
ensure the effectiveness of the relevant ideas, all NGRBA Schemes will have two
components relating to institutional development and priority infrastructure investments.
The project implementation support component provide support to the Mission Directorate
of National Mission for clean Ganga (NMCG) or the State Project Management Groups
(SPMGs) in related to planning and project management for managing the NGRBA
programme.
1.2.1 Component One: Institutional Development
Objective: The objectives of the institutional development component are to (i) build
functional capacity of the NGRBA’s operational institutions at both the central and state
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levels; and (ii) provide support to associated institutions for implementing the NGRBA
program. The activities financed under this component are grouped under the following
sub-components:
Sub-Component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Programme Management
Sub-Component B: Technical Assistance for Urban Local Body (ULB) service providers;
Sub-Component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulators
1.2.2Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments
Objective
The second component is the priority infrastructure investments. The objective of this
component is to finance demonstrative infrastructure investments to reduce pollution loads
in priority locations on the river.
Investment Sectors:
The majority of the investments are expected to be in following four sectors:
I. The waste water sector, particularly in waste water treatment plants and sewerage
networks;
II. Industrial pollution control and prevention (e.g. construction of common effluent
treatment plants);
III. Solid waste management (collection, transport and disposal systems for municipal
waste);
IV. River front management (e.g. improvement of the built environment along river
stretches improvement of small ghats and electric crematoria, conservation and
preservation of ecologically sensitive sites).
Many investments are likely to combine elements of more than one of the above sectors. The
investments are intended to exemplify, among other attributes, the high standards of
technical preparation and implementation, sustainability of operations, and public
participation envisaged in the NGRBA framework. This component will also support
innovative pilots, for new and transformative technologies or implementation arrangements.
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Framework Approach: In lieu of defining and appraising specific investments, the project preparation
has focused on developing investments framework covering all four key sectors of intervention under
the NGRBA program. This single framework will apply to all investments under the NGRBA
program.
The objectives of the investments framework are to:
a) provide a filter for all the NGRBA investments, for ensuring that the selected investments are
well-prepared and amongst the most effective in reducing the pollution loads;
b) make transparent the decision-making process on investments selection; and
c) ensure that the investments are implemented in a sustainable manner
The investments framework prescribes the criteria and quality assurance standards covering various
aspects including eligibility, prioritization, planning, technical preparation, financial and economic
analyses, environmental and social management, long term O&M sustainability, community
participation, and local institutional capacity1.
Investment Execution: The investments program will be planned and managed by the NGRBA level
PMG and state level PMGs, while the execution of specific infrastructure investments will be done by
the selected existing and qualified state-level technical agencies. To foster competition and tap private
sector efficiencies, the state governments with significant infrastructure investments are also setting
up a public-private joint venture infrastructure company, to execute NGRBA and other similar
investments in the respective states in the medium to long term.
Rehabilitation of existing infrastructure
Investments involving rehabilitation of existing infrastructure will be given priority due to their
intrinsically higher returns in terms of reductions in pollution loads entering the Ganga.
1.4 Relevance of NRGBA in Halisahar Municipality
The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river
Ganga flows along the entire west border of the Municipality. Like any other urban
center along the Ganga, Halisahar has been facing increasing population and
haphazard urbanization which has significantly impacted the water quality of River Ganga,
particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of pollution are untreated sewage
1 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National
Ganga River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.
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and industrial wastewater. Non-point pollution sources from agriculture and livestock,
religious activities at various locations along the river, as well as poor solid waste
management, also contributes to pollution. In addition, substantial abstraction of water, has
led to low flows and associated poor water quality in the critical middle stretch of the river.
Estimates indicate that the magnitude of water pollution at Halisahar, if left uncontrolled
can lead to alarming situations in due course of time. The BOD3days data as given for
Suripara Nala, Bolurpara Ghat , Kona Khal indicate a value of 90mg/l, 60mg/l and 40 mg/l
respectively while data in Khasbati Nala, Kalikatala Nala Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and
Ramprasad Ghat is low (below 30mg/l) due to the tidal effect. Further random growth and
settlement in the slum area has checked the natural drainage courses, which in turn causes
water logging and stagnation in different parts of the slum. This accumulated water results
in various health problems.
Ganga Action plan program for Halisahar Town was initiated in the year 1990which
provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but it was felt that a lot
more needs to be done. As a major step in this direction, a project worth Rs 230.26 crores has
been proposed for abatement of pollution on Ganga through an integrated sewerage
management in Halisahar.
1.5 Need for Environment and Social Management Framework under
NGRBP
Given the distributed nature of investments in multiple states, the investments under the
program may entail environmental and social impacts. The environment and social
framework is intended to help manage the social and environmental impacts through
appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction and operation phases of
various investments. The framework will identify the adverse environment and social
impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for
environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the
implementing agencies.
The framework will identify the adverse environment and social impacts and provide
specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social
assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies.
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In this perspective, a detailed assessment of the environmental and social impacts of the
project, with proper highlight of the issues and their effective mitigation measures that has
been or has to be considered during the design, construction and operation of the project in
will be provided. This will lead to the development of the Environmental and Social Impact
Mitigation Plan which would provide the mitigation measures and the associated costs.
The Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Plan will also associate with it the
Communication and Public Outreach Plan and the Governance and Accountability Action
Plan for strengthening both the components of NGRBA.
1.6 The structure of the Report
The structure of the report will be as follows
1. Background of the Ganga Clean-up Initiatives and the need for an Environmental
and Social Management Frame
2. Description of the Project including the Existing Sewerage Facility and Proposed
Sewerage Project
3. Approach and Methodology adopted towards the preparation of ESMF starting from
Screening and Categorisation
4. Applicable laws and regulatory frameworks related to Environmental, Social,
Specific Construction related and World bank Operational Policies
5. Baseline status of Halisahar Municipality in terms of geophysical , environmental
and social features
6. Environmental and Social Impacts of the Proposed Project
7. Environmental and Social Management Plan
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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 About Halisahar Municipality
The Halisahar Municipality was established in the year of 1903 and located at the northern
end of the District of North 24 Parganas. This Municipality is situated on the eastern bank of
the River Hooghly, surrounded by Kalyani Municipality of Nadia District at the north,
Naihati Municipality at the south, and Kanchrapara Municipality and Halisahar Railway
Station at the east. The geographical location of the Municipality is 22 degree 57 minutes 15
second north axis of the latitude and 88 degree 26 minutes 22 seconds east axis of the
longitude. Administratively the Municipality is divided into 23 wards covering 8.29 square
kilometers, with population of 1, 24,479 as per 2001 census.
Table 2.1 Key information on Halisahar
Established 1903
Area 8.29 sqkms
Population 124,479
Slum Population 89352
No. of Wards 23
Slums Pockets 72
Nearest Highway NH 34, Kalyani Expressway
Solid Waste Management
System
Door to Door garbage collection
Garbage cleaning from vats and roads
Access to safe drinking water,
2005 85%
Quality of drinking water
supply
Traceable arsenic and fluoride well within the prescribed
threshold limits.
Keeping in mind the main emphasis of NGRBA which is “no untreated municipal sewage and
industrial effluents would be allowed to enter the river Ganga after 2020”, it is essential to regulate
the waste water outfall in the river. Looking into the output of the situational analysis and
water quality monitoring of the river Hooghly, it has become quintessential to follow a
Detailed City Sanitation Plan which will look into the operation and maintenance of city
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sewerage and drainage and sanitation system. City Sanitation Plan has been formulated in
consultation with urban local body and other stakeholders in sectors of wastewater and
solid waste management with a vision and goal in 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and 30 years
and with a purpose to prepare a compendium of schemes necessary to convert the polluted
stretch of the river in the state to a stretch of the river having the desired quality of water.
2.2 Existing Sewerage Facility in Halisahar
2.2.1 Existing Sewerage:
Halisahar town does not have door to door sewerage system. However an interception &
diversion [I & D] scheme had been executed recently under Ganga Action Plan (GAP) in the
town with a view to intercept & diverts the contaminated dry weather flows of city drains to
sewage treatment plants and dispose it in river any after treatment. The project is
contemplated to divert Bager Khal (a drain coming from Kanchrapara & Gayespore) along
with 2 small drains of Halisahar to a 6.0 MLD Stabilization Pond type STP in Kalyani (at the
boarder of Halisahar). The other 4 drains of Halisahar are diverted to another 6.5 MLD
Stabilization Pond STP in the central part of Halisahar. The following works were executed
in this scheme.
1. Lifting Station No 1 (Southern Side) 5 M Sump diameter.
Pumps
3x25 lps / 15KW / 23 M
2x 12.25 lps/ 11KW / 23 M
2. Lifting Station No 2 (Northern Side) 5 M sump diameter.
Pumps
3x9 lps / 2 KW / 7.5 M
2x 5 lps/ 1.5 KW / 7.5 M
3. Interception Sewers
400 MM 2002 M
450 MM 390 M
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500 MM 830 M
3222 M
4. Forced Mains
150 MM 2450 M
300 MM 1180 M
3630 M
5. Main Pumping Station No 1 5 M Sump Diameter
Pumps
5x33 lps / 7.55KW / 10 M
6. Main Pumping Station No 2 5 M Sump Diameter
Pumps
3x68 lps / 30 KW / 20 M
2x 33 lps/ 15 KW / 20 M
7. Sewage Treatment Plant No 1
Average Top Dimensions
Anaerobic Ponds (55 x 45 M) 1No
Anaerobic Ponds (60 x 50 M) 1No
Facultative Ponds ( 70 x 60 M Average) 1 No
Maturation Ponds (180 x 85 M) 1 No
STABILIZATION POND AT STP NO 1
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8. Sewage Treatment Plant No 2
Anaerobic Ponds (36 x 24 M) 3 No
Facultative Ponds ( 70 x 40 M) 3 No
Maturation Ponds (82 x 27 M) 3 No
9. Effluent Sewer 360 M
The land available in Halisahar for STP NO-2 is 2.42 hectares.
The scheme is completed but is yet to be commissioned due to handing over issues to
ULB issues.
As explained, these works are basically for diversion of drains so no house
connections with the sewer are given.
In absence of comprehensive sewerage system, people continue to depend on septic
tanks and other type of country toilets.
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STP NO 2
STP NO 1
6 MLD
6.5 MLD
RCC SEWER400 MM 1050 m
RCC SEWER450/500 MM 1,220 M
RCC SEWER400/450 MM 1,642 M
FORCED MAIN300 MM 2,450 M
FORCED MAIN150 MM 1,180 M
LIFTING STATION NO 2
LIFTING STATION NO 1
[Waste Stabilization Ponds]
[Waste Stabilization Ponds]
N
HALISAHAREXISTING SEWERAGE WORKS UNDER GAP
2.2.2 Sanitation
Halisahar has three fold sanitation systems, such as:-
i) On-site Type: Pour Flush Type Latrines – A total number of 4,285 PF latrines are
existing covering almost 17% of total population.
ii) Semi On-site Type: Septic Tank Toilets – A total number of 11,094 Septic Tanks
are existing covering almost 52% of total population.
iii) Off-site Type: Sewer Network connection: This is under progress.
About 6% of the population either go for open defecation or use unhygienic latrines which
need immediate attention. The other main issue is the seepage that are being discharged
from the septic tanks directly to drain – approximately 25% of cases directly to open drain,
causing incidents of flooding a number of days – exposing all neighborhood at high risk for
oral transmission of diseases. These needs also adequate attention both at regulatory level
and also at implementation level so that all septic tanks should have soakage pits to drain-
away the seepages that come out from the septic tanks.
Five community toilets are being constructed in war nos. 8, 9, 15, 18 and 19 in the places like
Sarkar bazaar, Chowmatha Bazar, Hazinagar Unit 1 and 2 etc.
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Key Sanitation Issues
I. Maintenance & Cleaning of septic tanks.
II. Maintenance and repairs of pour flush latrines.
III. Open defecation in the town and along the banks of the river.
IV. Contamination of open drains by septic tank effluents, open defecation in drains and
connection of house toilets with drains particularly in slums.
V. Contamination of river by drain out falls particularly along the bathing ghats and
through open defecation.
2.2.3 Other on-going works
While no projects have been executed for Cleaning Ganga under JNNURM, at the slum level
schemes have been undertaken under BSUP which have a direct bearing on the pollution of
Ganga. Halisahar has also included drain improvement projects under the Draft
Development Plan.
2.3 The Need for the Project
Description of the Proposed Sewerage Project
Recently an Interception & Diversion Scheme under GAP was executed by KMDA under
which 3,912 m sewers (400/450 mm), 2 Lifting Stations, 2 Main Pumping Stations, 3,630 m
Pumping Mains and two stabilization type ponds (6.5 + 6) MLD was constructed basically to
trap the dry weather flows of these 6 drains and divert to STPs. Out of these drains one
Bager Khal has catchments beyond Halisahar. The scheme however has not yet been
commissioned.
Hence there is no other sewerage line in the town and I&D sewers were not proposed for
house connections. Presently there are 11,094 septic tanks and 4,285 pour flush latrines in
the town. About 20-15% of population, particularly from slums defecate in open or even at
the banks of Hooghly. There are 58 notified slums in the town. Many households have made
tiny toilets connected to open drains. The city as such is deprived of door to door sewerage
and residents depend on septic tanks or bore- hole type latrines, while sullage is passed to
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open drains. The slum dwellers on the other hand pass defecation to open drains through
privately partitioned latrines. The river in the area is extensively used for bathing and the
desired water quality as per guide lines is Class B with BOD>5 and Faecal Coliform around
500 MNP/100 ml.
In absence of comprehensive sewerage in the town the dry weather foul liquid wastes from
the town finds way to river and particularly from large slums in the town which have
latrines directly connected to the open drains in the vicinity. The other people are largely
depending on septic tanks and pour flush latrines which again continue to contaminate
ground water as well as open drains by continuous out flows from septic tanks. It is
therefore, a comprehensive sewerage project has been prepared for the town to maintain the
sanitation of the town without any contamination to the river Hooghly.
This along with sullage from houses and other sources causes contaminated flows in open
drains and near outfalls in river where bathing Ghats are also situated.
The town has many important bathing Ghats all along its 6 Km bank with Hooghly where
usually mass bathing is done particularly during festivals. There are two immersion Ghats
where people from adjoining places come for last recites along Hooghly. There are also
numerous ponds in the town which are quite contaminated due to city wastes. The seepage
from septic tanks and other type of such latrines are also causing contamination of ground
water which even rises to 2 M below ground level.
The tests for pollution levels in open drains and at bathing ghats shows high faecal coliforms
counts at both places. The BOD levels in some drains were found very high, indicating
contaminated discharges from industries. NGBRA has recently made the river standards for
bathing more stringent. The outfalls of drains discharge in close vicinity of bathing ghats. As
such there are chances that the flow of drains may reach to people before it is assimilated in
the flow of Hooghly. It is therefore necessary to trap all such pollution sources right at their
sources in the town by a comprehensive sewerage scheme and hence the need for such a
project.
Under NGRBA, the proposed project has been designed with the following components
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2.3.1 Main Components of the Project
Sewerage Network
The pivotal trunk sewer is proposed internal Road which runs all through the middle of the
town in North-West direction. All the sub trunks in other directions would converse in the
trunk sewer leading the flow to proposed STP and the present I&D STP location in ward 9 &
10.
Sewerage Districts & Zones: The town has been divided in sewerage zones depending on
physical boundaries and nature of loads. In Halisahar, the municipal wards are carved with
city’s important roads as boundaries. Thus the sewage zones are also conceived more or less
on this principal. The load of one zone shall be drained in sewer along the road on down
side. The details of sewer network in zones are described below.
LS1 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 19,20,21,22 & 23.Most of the
wards are occupied by industries and factories having large number of work man quarters
in mill compounds. The sewer lines have not been proposed inside mills or factories private
compounds; however the residential load from mills’ quarters has been taken on the city
sewers passing along the municipal roads outside such private campuses and are ultimately
pumped to existing LS1 and discharged to LS3.
LS3 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 16,17,18 &part of ward 19.
Most of the wards are occupied by industries and factories having large number of work
man quarters in mill compounds. The sewer lines have not been proposed inside mills or
factories private compounds; however the residential load from mills’ quarters has been
taken on the city sewers passing along the municipal roads outside such private campuses
and ultimately pump to the existing MPS via LS3.
LS2 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6&7. A small area
of ward 1 in northern part is low lying which cannot be drained without pumping in nearby
proposed sewers. It is proposed to be in Ext. MPS-2 city drains that leads the flow to existing
MPS No-2 closest with Kalyani i.e. in reverse direction to Halisahar STP in ward no 9 and 10.
In order to carry the sewage of zone one, this I&D sewer need to be dismantled as after
introduction of comprehensive sewerage in the town, the need for I&D works would
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gradually diminish. As the dry weather flows in the city drains would be replaced by new
sewage in system slope towards Halisahar STP in ward no 9 and 10.
LS4 sewerage network zone: These zones comprise wards no 8 & 9 and 11, 12,13
respectively. The sub trunks and laterals are proposed to be connected with main T0 trunk
line originating from one and leading to proposed 19.46 MLD STP. From ward 13, 14, total
discharge will go to LS4 and deeper (below 7m) for which an underground lifting station
has been proposed which show in the map.
LS5 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward no 15 and the total load will come
to the proposed L.S 5. The depth of sewer line goes below 7m if only one LS is proposed in
this zone. Hence one underground lifting station to reduce the invert depth has been
proposed. In Halisahar municipality, ground water table is very high. So in this area deep
excavation is not possible for which a total of 4nos of underground lifting station in the
whole sewerage network Halisahar has been proposed.
LS5 sewerage network zone: The main pumping station, where all the trunks from all
directions are drained, shall pump sewage to 19.26 MLD STP proposed on the land of
existing STP No 1 in ward No9. Here again one more underground lifting station to reduce
the invert depth of sewer line is required.
a) Minimum Size of Sewers: Minimum size of sewers is kept as 200 MM for ease in
maintenance.
b) Trench Width, Bedding etc.: The provision for minimum trench widths, bedding
concrete, shuttering etc. has been made as per guidelines provided in KMDA S&W
SoR and CPHEE Manual. Basic sizes are shown in the following table:-
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Sewer
Diameter
Base
Trench
Width
Bed
concrete
150 475 200
200 530 250
250 580 250
300 750 250
350 865 250
400 900 290
450 975 290
500 1050 290
600 1200 345
700 1425 395
800 1500 450
900 1650 500
1000 1700 560
MM
Suitable offsets in trench widths are given for deeper excavation depths. The trenching has
been provided with slope towards sewer.
c) Manholes: Manholes have been provided at an average spacing of 30 M. A provision
of 5% extra MHs has also been made for extra bends, junctions nala crossings etc.
RCC Pre cast man holes have been provided due construction ease in high water
level. In general such manholes would prevail better quality, resistance to infiltration
and fast progress at site over conventional brick man holes. . Pre cast MHs are not yet
common hence care must be taken in approval of venders, quality and rates.
d) House Connections: In order to encourage people to shift to sewer connections from
their past septic tank and other type of latrines, provision for 27,600 house
connections from property line to manholes has been made in the project.
e) Other Provisions: Provisions for timber shuttering has been made for deeper sewers
or at places where soil is loose or the site is with any other problem. Since the water
table is high in the area, provision for sheet piling, protection shoring has also been
made for deeper reaches along with provision for pumping of any ground water
entering in the trenches to protect the surrounding soil. 3.75 cm thick close timbering
with planks, battens, runners struts etc. complete removing them including
penetration of shoring as per direction of engineer -in -Charge up to 1 M trench
width Depth up to 2.00 M below G.L and 6.5 cm thick close timbering with planks,
battens, runners struts etc. complete removing them including penetration of shoring
as per direction of engineer -in -Charge up to Depth up to 5.0 M below G.L. Depth
below 5m use MS joist/ plate shoring. Provision for cleaning of existing sewer lines
to put in service has also been made.
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Provision for Tankers with two numbers Tractor with water filling arrangement for
Flushing of Sewer as per requirement (Truck Mounted High Pressure Jetting Cum
Suction Machine of Capacity 8000 Ltr. Mounted on 16 T GVW Truck Chassis).
f) Provision for road cutting and reinstatement has been made.
The description of the different components is provided below:
a. Rising main:
Total 580m rising main are proposed in this scheme. The detailed are following below:
It. No. Item Dia of Pipe (mm) Length (m)
1 LIFTING STATION NO-1 250 100
2 LIFTING STATION NO-2 350 30
3 LIFTING STATION NO-3 250 30
4 LIFTING STATION No.-4 200 30
5 LIFTING STATION No.-5 200 30
6 MPS-1 200 100
7 MPS-2 800 200
8 UNDER GROUND LIFTING STATION of LS-4 200 30
9 UNDER GROUND LIFTING STATION of LS-5 150 30
10 UGLS of MPS-2 450 30
Total 580
b. Lifting Station:
In all 3 new lifting stations, two ext. L.S and one main pumping station at proposed
STP site have been proposed. The basic object of lifting stations is to keep sewer
depth within 5.5 to 6 meters, except few expectations due to local ground
undulations. Pumping stations are provided of RCC, with sump to collect sewage
from out fall sewer. A brick work pumping station is provided over the half of
sump. Since submersible pumps have been proposed, the pump house would
basically house the switch boards and other controls for the pumps.
The details of existing and proposed pumping stations are given below;
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Item Capacity (MLD)
Land requirement
Remark
1. Existing (under I & D )lifting station LS 1 Ward- 20
1.51 Existing Deeper sump will be proposed in the ext. boundary, only pump house will be utilized
2. Existing (under I & D )lifting station LS 2 Ward- 6
6.59 Existing Deeper sump will be proposed in the ext. boundary, only pump house will be utilized
3. Main pumping Station Ward- 9
19.18 Existing Deeper sump will be proposed in the ext. boundary, only pump house will be utilized
4. proposed LS 3 Ward- 18
2.82 10 M X 15M Municipal land
5. proposed LS 4 Ward- 8
1.39 10 M X 15M Municipal land
6, proposed LS 5 Ward- 14
1.51 10 M X 15M Municipal land
7. LS2- A Ward- 2
1.44 Under ground
8. UGLS of LS4 Ward- 14
0.55 Under ground
9. UGLS of LS5 Ward- 15
0.71 Under ground
10. UGLS of MPS Ward- 2
19.18 Under ground
Design Criteria
Design Period :2046 for Civil Structure
2031 for Electrical and Mechanical Installations including pumps and motors
2046 for Pressure Main
Pumping Stations: Consideration of Static and Dynamic Heads for pump and peak
velocities in pressure main
Pump Type : Submersible Non-Clog Type
Peak Sewage Flow : Average of Peak Flows
Detention time :8-10 minutes of peak flow
c. STP:
The present Sewage Treatment Plant (STP-1) in the town introduced under I&D
GAP is of stabilization ponds type with a capacity of 6.5 MLD. As per guide line the
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STP would be provided for next 10 years requirements i.e. 2024 AD. The projected
sewage load for the town in 2014, 2024 and 2044 is expected as 16, 17.5 and 21 MLD
respectively. Thus STP would be provided in modular approach say in modules of
8.5 + 8.5 + 4 MLD units. Initially a capacity 8.5 + 8.5 [ 17 ] MLD shall be raised for
the requirements for next 10 years and there after another unit of 4 MLD would be
added.
The surrounding features of the proposed sites of the entire project are –
Ward no 8: Lifting station: Walled vacant land, trenching ground on Niranjan
Saraniwith no significant flora or fauna to be impacted other than termites, ants
which will find an alternative abode.
Ward no 12: STP: Open grassland within residential area on Mishri Pukurroad. The
available land at STP site is about 2.4 hectare.
Expected Efficiency
Expected Influent and effluent quality is as below ;>
Inlet
BOD 150 mg/lt
COD 300 mg/lt
TSS 300 mg/lt
Expected Outlet Parameters
BOD < 20 mg/lt
COD< 100 mg/lt
TSS< 30 mg/lt
pH 6.5-7.5
Coli form< 10,000 per 100 ml
Effluent Disposal:
The nearest disposal place for effluent is Kona Khal (which outfalls in Hooghly).
The effluent shall be disposed through pumping above HFL of the drain. The
resource recovery in any ways or in combination of (i) Sale of sludge as manure (ii)
Sale of treated water for irrigation, horticulture (iii) Pisciculture(iv) Carbon credit
Ward no 14: Lifting station: Vacant land beside Alakananda Water Tank on Col K.P
Gupta road. Trees like Mango, Banyan are in the vicinity which will not be impacted
by the project.
Ward no 18: Lifting station: Vacant ESR Site between Two Overhead Water Tank –
not significant impact on flora.
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The snapshots of the existing and proposed sites have been provided below:
W-20Galurpara, Existing LS W-2Bagmore, Existing LS W- 8Mishiripukur, Existing LS
W-14Alakananda water tank, ,
Proposed LS
W-8Trenching Ground, ,
Proposed LS
W-18 Proposed LS
Ward 12 Proposed STP site
The site plans for different project components have been presented below:
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Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal
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2.3.2 Implementation Schedule
The implementation schedule is as follows
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2.3.3 Cost Summary
Item
No. Description Quantity Unit
Amount
(Lakhs)
A Basic cost
(a) Sewer Network 226.994 km 18654.39
(b) Pumping station 5 LS+3 UGLS+2
MPS
Nos. 883.19
© Rising Main 0.610 km 102.55
(d) Sewage Treatment Plant(STP) including
disinfection (16MLD)
16 MLD 2352.92
(e) Boundary Wall 440 m 23.04
Subtotal(A)
22016.09
B Charges
1 Cost of project preparation @4% as per the
NGRBA guidelines
880.64
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Item
No. Description Quantity Unit
Amount
(Lakhs)
2 Cost of supervision of project@4% as per the
NGRBA guidelines
880.64
Subtotal(B) 1761.28
1 ESMF 78.38
2 Communication 20.00
3 GAAP 6.00
Subtotal © 104.38
O&M Cost
(j) O&M Cost of Works for 5 Years of
commissioning of project
3593.87
Sub-total(D) 3593.87
Grand total (A+B+C+D) 27475.62
Say Rs in Crore 274.76
Central Govt. Share 70% (in Crore) 192.33
State Govt. Share 30% (in Crore) 82.43
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CHAPTER 3: APPROACH AND
METHODOLOGY
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3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
The Objective of Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to ensure
environmentally sustainable development in NGRBA’s endeavor of Mission Clean Ganga by
effective management of environmental and social issues in all the investments with a
special focus on the following:
ensure that all investments adhere to the national, state and local regulatory
requirements during the design, implementation and operation stages
ensure that best environmental and social practices are mainstreamed/ integrated
during design, implementation and operation of the investments
strive to enhance environmental conditions wherever feasible
undertake to develop communication strategy, capacity building and training
initiatives for all stakeholders such as the SPMGs, EAs, ULBs, NGOs and common
citizen
The approach to the development of ESMF has been a mix of technical as well as
participatory exercise.
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3.1 Methodology
The following methodology shall be adopted to maximize outputs:
Project Description &
Analysis
Environment Details
of Project Area
Environmental &
Social Impact
Assessment
Social Survey and
Discussion with Local
Population
Field Survey and
Stakeholder
Consultation
Secondary Data
Analysis
Screening Activity
DEVELOPING
MITIGATION PLAN
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3.2 Screening and Categorization
The project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of
its potential environmental impacts. The extent of assessment required to identify and
mitigate the impacts largely depends upon the complexities of project activities.
The scrutiny and screening has been based on a detailed Environment and Social Screening
exercise, summarized in table below
Table 3.1: Environmental and Social Information Format for Screening
Project Title Sewerage Integration work and Sewage Treatment Plant at Halisahar
Town, West Bengal under NGRBA
Location Halishshar Municipality. North 24 Parganas District
Implementing
Agency
Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA)
Project Cost 274.76 crores
Project
Components
1. Total 226.99 km sewer line including house connection (diameter varies
from 150 - 900mm) are proposed
2. 2 lifting station with augmentation (additional deeper sump) and 3 new
lifting stations and also 3 underground L.S
3. Augmentation 2 Ext. MPS with increasing pump capacity and
providing additional deeper sump within the ext. campus.
Augmentation of existing 6.5 mld STP to 16 mld
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S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of
Category
(High/ low)
Remarks /Explanatory note
for categorisation
1 Is the project in an eco-sensitive
area or adjoining an eco-
sensitive area? (Yes/No) If Yes,
which is the area? Elaborate
impact accordingly.
No impact Halisahar is not located near
any eco-sensitive area and
there is no such area within
100 kms.
2 Will the project create
significant/ limited/ no social
impacts?
No Impact There will be no land
acquisition for the lifting
station. Underground lifting
stations will be installed
underthe right of way of the
Municipal road. All these
land belong to Municipal
Authority.
a Land acquisition resulting in
loss of income from
agricultural land, plantation or
other existing land-use.
No Impact Not Applicable
b Land acquisition resulting in
relocation of households.
No Impact Not Applicable
c Any reduction of access to
traditional and river dependent
communities (to river and areas
where they earn for their
primary or substantial
livelihood).
No Impact Not Applicable
d Any displacement or adverse
impact on tribal settlement(s).
No Impact No land acquisition or
relocation of settlement is
required.
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S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of
Category
(High/ low)
Remarks /Explanatory note
for categorisation
e Any specific gender issues. No Impact No gender issues
observed/raised in the
public consultation.
3 Will the project create
significant / limited / no
environmental impacts during
the construction stage?
Low and short
term Impact
The STP is going to be in the
open land and there will be
short term limited
environmental impact on
settlement like? mention
names.
The proposed lifting stations
will be constructed in the
open areas will minimise the
impact
The proposed sewer line will
be under the road with
minimum 3m or more road
width.
a Clearance of vegetation/ tree-
cover
Low Impact No vegetation or tree cover
needs to be cleared
b Direct discharge of
construction run-off, improper
storage and disposal of
excavation spoils, wastes and
other construction materials
adversely affecting water
quality and flow regimes.
Low and short
term impact
No such major construction.
The STP will be FAB type
prefabricated units with
minimal civil works.
The laying of sewer lines
will not produce any
significant amount of waste.
c Flooding of adjacent areas Low Impact Dewatering for construction
will not generate significant
amount of water to flood
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S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of
Category
(High/ low)
Remarks /Explanatory note
for categorisation
adjacent areas
Back-up power system has
been proposed in the
pumping stations so that it
will not create flooding in
case of power failure.
d Improper storage and handling
of substances leading to
contamination of soil and water
Low and short
term impact
No such material will be
used which may
contaminate or create
pollution.
e Elevated noise and dust
emission.
Low and short
term impact
Proper measure will be
taken during sewer lying to
minimise the noise and dust
emissions.
The contractor has to submit
the method statement to
comply with Air Act, 1981 &
Noise Rules as per EP Act,
1986 before construction.
f Disruption to traffic
movements
Low and short
term Impact
Proper diversion of traffic
will ensure less disruption
during construction.
g Damage to existing
infrastructure, public utilities,
amenities etc.
Low and short
term Impact
Utility mapping of the
existing infrastructure and
relocation of the same if
required will minimise the
damage on existing
infrastructure.
h Failure to restore temporary
construction sites
Low and short
term Impact
The roads will be reinstated
to its original conditions
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S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of
Category
(High/ low)
Remarks /Explanatory note
for categorisation
after lying of sewer line.
i Possible conflicts with and/or
disruption to local community
No impact The local community will be
made aware of the
temporary nature of
disruption.
j Health risks due to unhygienic
conditions at workers‟ camps
Low Impact Adequate sanitation facilities
and safety arrangement will
be provided to the workers
to tackle on-site hazards.
k Safety hazards during
construction
Low and short
term Impact
Proper health and safety
statement will be submitted
by the contractor and
approved by The Engineer
prior to the construction.
4 Will the project create
significant / limited / no
environmental impacts during
the operational stage?
(Significant / limited / no
impacts)
Limited STP will have minimal
odour and noise pollution.
a Flooding of adjacent areas Low Impact Back-up power for the
pumping stations will
ensure minimum flooding
and odour nuisance in case
of power failure.
Properly designed sewer line
will minimise the impact on
environment.
b Impacts to water quality due to Low Impact The characteristics of the
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S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of
Category
(High/ low)
Remarks /Explanatory note
for categorisation
effluent discharge treated waste water from
FAB reactor will be within
limit set by CPCB/MoEF.
c Gas emissions Low Impact SB reactor is a compact
system and the possibility of
the Gas emission is very less.
d Safety hazards Low Impact Mechanised system and
trained people will be used
to run the Pumping stations
and STPs will reduce the risk
of safety hazards
5 Do projects of this nature /
type require prior
environmental clearance either
from the MOEF or from a
relevant state Government
department? (MOEF/ relevant
State Government department/
No clearance at all)
No clearance
required
The project is not an
environmental sensitive
project and does not require
clearance as Environmental
Impact Assessment
Notification 14th Sep-2006
6 Does the project involve any
prior clearance from the MOEF
or State Forest department for
either the conversion of forest
land or for tree-cutting? (Yes/
No). If yes, which?
No clearance
required as per
The Forest
(Conservation)
Act,1980
The STP is located in the
existing GAP laid project
sites & sewers along roads.
Hence chances of tree-
cutting are remote.
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3.3 Screening Conclusion
Halisahar is not located near any eco-sensitive area. Further the proposed project will not
involve any land acquisition or displacement of any category of people including tribal. The
construction of proposed STP will have marginal environmental impact on the adjoining
settlement in terms of dust and noise during construction. However compliance with Air
Act 1981 and Noise Rules, EP Act 1986 will be mandatory for contractors. The Lifting
stations being located in open grounds will not create any environmental impact. The laying
of sewer lines will not produce any significant amount of waste particularly since it will be
laid under minimum 3 m width roads. The roads will be reinstated to its original conditions
after lying of sewer line. Traffic disruptions will be avoided through appropriate diversions.
There will be no significant adverse impacts in terms of flooding, gas emission, waste
discharge, health risks etc. Hence Environmental Clearances and abidance to Social laws and
Regulations are not relevant in the context of the Proposed Sewerage project in Halisahar.
Based on the assessment of overall social and environmental impacts, the project can be
categorised as a “Low” impact project.
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CHAPTER 4: REGULATIONS AND
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
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4. REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The national, state and local environmental and social regulatory requirements that are
applicable to the investments proposed are given in this section. As the applicability of these
legal requirements would depend on the nature of the specific investments, the exact
applicability cannot be determined at this stage. SPMGs and the State level executing
agencies (EA) would ensure compliance of these requirements by all concerned.
PMG would verify whether the investments are in compliance with these regulatory
requirements prior to granting approval to the investments and disbursement of funds.
During implementation, PMG would ensure that SPMGs monitor the ESMF compliance in
all investments on an on-going basis.
The following laws and regulations are applicable to the environmental and social aspects of
the investments implemented under the programme:
Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations
Applicable Social Laws and Regulations
Legislations applicable to construction activities
World Bank’s Operational Policies
4.1Applicable Laws and Regulations-Environmental
4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India
The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations
pertaining to environment. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is umbrella legislation
for the protection of environment. As per this Act, the responsibility to administer the
legislation has been jointly entrusted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),
Government of India and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/ State Pollution
Control Boards (SPCBs).
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4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and other related Regulations
The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the investments under the
NGRBP are given in the table 4.1 below. The key environmental regulations can also be
accessed at www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations.
Table 4.1 Key Environmental Laws relevant to the project
S. No.
Act/Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority
1 Environment
Protection
Act,1986
To protect and improve
overall environment
As all environmental
notifications, rules and
schedules are issued
under this act.
MoEF, Gol;
DoEF, State
Govt.;
CPCB;,
WBPCB
2 Environmental
Impact
Assessment
(EIA)Notification
14th Sep-2006
Mandatory
environmental clearance
to certain category of
new development
activities following
environmental impact
assessment
Not Applicable as per the
schedule of activities
listed under EIA
notification.
MoEF, EIAA
3 Air (Prevention
and Control of
Pollution) Act,
1981
To control air pollution
by controlling emission
of air pollutants as per
the prescribed
standards.
This act will be
applicable during
construction;
WBPCB
4 Water Prevention
and Control of
Pollution Act,
1974
To control water
pollution by controlling
discharge of pollutants
as per the prescribed
standards
This act will be
applicable during
construction.
The consent from the
regulatory authority,
particularly for the STP ,
will be obtained prior to
the award of civil works
contract.
WBPCB
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S. No.
Act/Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority
5 The Noise
Pollution
(Regulation and
Control) Rules,
2000
The standards for noise
for day and night have
been promulgated by
the MoEF for various
land uses.
This act will be
applicable for all
construction equipment
deployed at worksite
WBPCB
6 The Biological
Diversity Act,
2002and 2004
This Act is for ensuring
the conservation,
sustainable use, fair and
equitable sharing of the
benefits from the use
and increased
knowledge of the
country’s biological
diversity.
The Act will be
applicable
For any activity where
flora and fauna is at risk.
However it is not
applicable in the present
context
Central
Government
7 The Wildlife
(Protection) Act,
1972 and Its
Amendments
Protection of plants in
forest areas and states
that there should be no
damage or destruction
of plants or other
vegetation on forest
lands.
The Act will be
applicable where
construction happens
close to wild life zones.
Not applicable in the
present context
Central
Government
8 The Forest
(Conservation)
Act, 1980
For the conservation of
forests and related
issues.
The Act not only includes
forest lands of the Forest
Department but also
private and village
forests and hence is
applicable in case of
construction activities.
Not applicable in the
present context
Central
Government
9 The Ancient
Monuments and
For preservation of
ancient and historical
Applicable for
archaeological
National
Monuments
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S. No.
Act/Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority
Archaeological
Sites and
Remains Act ,
1958
monuments and
archaeological sites
excavations. Not
applicable in the present
context
Authority
under
Central
Government
4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social
All strategic interventions on human development, spread across all social issues, need
directives of policies and legal support to operationalize the appropriate actions. These
policies and legislations help to overcome the constraints and support administrator,
implementer, community and individual in delivery of justice. This section includes the
policies and Acts as detailed under:
Policies and Acts
a) The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,
2006
b) Right to fair compensation and transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Act, 2013
c) NGRBA Environmental and Social Management Framework
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
Rights) Act, 2006 (not applicable): This law provides for recognition of forest rights to
Scheduled Tribes in occupation of the forest land prior to 13.12.2005 and to other traditional
forest dwellers who are in occupation of the forest land for at least 3 generations i.e. 75
years, up to maximum of 4 hectares. These rights are heritable but not alienable or
transferable.
Right to fair compensation and transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (Not Applicable): .
Given below is the comparative analysis of RFCTLAR&R, 2013 and World Bank OP 4.12.
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Serial No. Topics/Issues/Area
s
World Bank OP4.12 RFCTLAR&R, 2013
1 Application of LA Direct economic and social
impacts that both result from
Bank-assisted investment
projects. Applies to all
components of the project that
result in involuntary
resettlement, regardless of the
source of financing.
Section 2 Applicable
to projects where
government
acquires land for its
own use, hold and
control, including
PSU and for public
purpose; for PPP
where ownership of
land continues to
vest with govt;
private companies
where 80% of land
owners2 have given
consent or 70% in
case of PPP.
Principle of
avoidance
Involuntary resettlement
should be avoided where
feasible, or minimized,
exploring all viable alternative
project design
Alternatives to be
considered as Act in
chapter II, point # 4
(d) says "extent of
land propsoed for
acquisition is the
absolute bare
minimum needed
for the project; and
(e ) says land
acquisition at an
alternate palce has
been considered and
found not feasible.
Linkages with other
projects
No such provision
2. Application of R&R Same as above In addition to the
above,
Section 2(3) land
purchased by
2 Land Owner – whose land and immovable property acquired and land assigned by state or central govt under any scheme (Section 3 c (i) and (v))
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private company as
prescribed by Govt.
or when part
acquired by govt
3. Affected area Involuntary take of land
resulting in loss of shelter, loss
of assets or access to assets,
loss of income sources or
means of livelihood
Section3(b): Area
notified for
‘acquisition’
4. Family
All adversely affected people
whether have formal legal
rights or do not have formal
legal rights on land
Section 3(m)
includes person, his
and her spouse,
minor children,
minor brothers and
sisters dependent.
Widows, divorcees,
abandoned women
will be considered
as separate family.
5. Affected family for
eligibility
Section 3 (a): whose
land and other
immovable property
acquired.
(b)&(e): Family
residing in affected
area such as
labourers, tenants,
dependent on forest
and water bodies,
etc whose primary
source of livelihood
is affected due to
acquisition
(c)Scheduled tribes
and other forest
dwellers whose
rights recognized
under the Forest
Dwellers Act 2006.
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(f) Family assigned
land by state or
central government
under any schemes
(g) Family residing
on any land in
urban area that will
be acquired or
primary source of
livelihood affected
by acquisition.
6. Cut-Off date Date established by the
borrower and acceptable to the
Bank. In practice it is the date
of census.
Section 3 c (ii), (iv)
(vi): Families
residing for
preceding 3 yrs or
more prior to
“acquisition of
land”.
7. Non-application of
Chapter II
Stand-alone SIA for all
investments
Section 6(2):
Irrigation projects
where EIA is
required under
other laws,
provisions of SIA
not applicable.
7. Consultation –
Phase I during
preparation
Consultation a continuous
process during planning and
implementation
Section 4(1) date
issued for first
consultation with
PRIs, Urban local
bodies,
Municipalities, etc to
carry out SIA.
Section 5: Public
hearing of SIA in
affected area.
Provide adequate
publicity of date and
time.
8. Time duration to
prepare SIA and
Draft Social Assessment,
Resettlement Action Plan and
Section 4 (2): within
six months from the
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SIMP or Social Management
Framework prepared before
appraisal.
date of its
commencement.
9. Disclosure – Stage I To be disclosed before
appraisal and 120 days before
board date.
Section 6(1):
Translated in local
language available
in PRI institutions
and local urban
government bodies;
district
administrative
offices and websites
of concerned.
government agency.
10. Formation of Expert
Group to appraise
SIA and SIMP
Appraised by Bank staff Section 7(1):
Constitute a multi-
disciplinary Expert
Group include
members of
decentralized govt
Institutes (PRIs,
ULBs).
11. Time stipulated for
Group to submit its
report
Before the decision meeting
for appraisal
Section 7(4): Submit
its report within
two months from
the date of its
constitution
12. Scope of work of the
Expert group
Social Assessment,
resettlement action Plan
reviewed and appraised by
Bank staff and approved by
Regional safeguard advisor
Section 7 (4) (a&b):
assess whether it
serves any public
purpose or not; if
social costs
outweigh potential
benefits then should
be abandoned;
Section 7 (5) (a&b):
if serves public
purpose, then it has
considered
minimum land
acquisition, and
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alternate options to
minimize
displacement;
potential benefits
outweigh social
costs
13. Consultation –
Phase II during
appraisal
In practice consultation
workshops are organized in
project affected areas at
district and state level.
Section 2 (2): Prior
consent of 80% and
70% of land owners
in PPP and where
private company
has approached the
govt to acquire
balance land has
been obtained,
14. Disclosure – Stage II Information dissemination
through the planning and
implementation
Section 7 (6):
recommendations of
expert group under
7(4&5)to be made
public in local
language in district
and block
administrative office
and PRIs
15. Minimize impact on
multi-crop land
Select feasible design that has
minimal adverse impact.
Section 10: In case
multi-crop land is to
be acquired under
exceptional
circumstances, the
area to be acquired
cannot exceed
aggregate of land of
all projects in
district or state. The
area to be acquired
cannot exceed the
total net sown area
of the district or
state.
Wasteland
equivalent to twice
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the area acquired
will be developed.
16. Information
dissemination of
preliminary notice
Continuous part of the
preparation and participation
Section 11 (1), (2) &
(3): Notice
published in local
language and
meetings called of
gram sabahs,
municipalities to
provide full
information about
the purpose of the
project, summary of
SIA and particulars
of administrator
appointed for R&R’
summary of R&R
scheme
17. Updating land
records
To be part of RAP Section 11 (5): Once
established that the
land is required for
public purpose,
accordingly notice
to be issued under
section 19 following
which land records
to be updated
within two months
18. Census and
preparation of R&R
schemes
To be part of RAP Section 16 (1) (2):
carry out census of
affected people and
their assets to be
affected, livelihood
loss and common
property to be
affected; R&R
scheme including
time line for
implementation.
19. Information
dissemination and
Section 16(4)&(5):
mandatory to
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Public hearing -
Stage III
Consultation throughout the
process is mandatory
disseminate
information on R&R
scheme including
resettlement area
and organize public
hearing on the Draft
R&R scheme in each
Gram Sabha,
Municipality and
consultations in
Scheduled area as
required under
PESA.
20. Approval of R&R
Scheme
Section 17 & 18:
Draft R&R Scheme
to be finalized after
addressing
objections raised
during public
hearing and
approved.
21. Final declaration of
R&R Scheme
Approved RAP including
budgetary provisions to
implement it
Section 19 (2): Only
after the requiring
body has deposited
the money will the
govt issue the notice
along with 19(1).
22. Time period
stipulated.
Included in RAP - Time line
synchronized with
Government’s procedures or
adopts innovative methods to
reduce the time which is based
operated on the principles of
participation and
transparency.
Section 19 (2): the
entire process to
update land records,
disseminate
information,
preliminary survey,
census, hearing of
objections,
preparation of R&R
schemes and
approval, deposit of
money must
complete within 12
months from the
date on which
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section 11, the
preliminary notice
issued.
Section 19 (7): If the
final declaration not
made within 12
months of section
11 (1), the process
will lapse, except
under special
circumstances.
23. Preparation of land
acquisition plans
Included in RAP.
Section 20: Land
marked, measured
for preparation of
acquisition plans.
24. Hearing of claims Section 21(1) (2):
Notices issued
indicating govt’s
intension to take
possession of land,
and claims on
compensation and
R&R can be made
not less than one
month and not more
than six month from
the date of issue of
section 21(1).
25. Time period
stipulated for
declaring the award
Section 25: It is
required to
announce the award
within 12 months of
issue of Section 19
(final declaration to
acquire land,
approved R&R
scheme) after
completing land
acquisition plans,
hearing of objection,
settling individual
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claims for
declaration of the
award. If award not
made within the
stipulated time, the
entire proceedings
will lapse.
26. LA Act 1984 deem
to lapse and
RFCTLAR&R is
applicable
Section 24: where
award is not
declared under
section 11, or where
made five years ago
but land not taken in
possession or where
award declared but
money not
deposited in the
account of majority
of beneficiary.
27. Methodology for
determining market
value for land
Full replacement Cost Section 26 and First
Schedule:
Recognizes 3
methods and
whichever is higher
will be considered
which will be
multiplied by a
factor given in
Schedule First;
compensation given
earlier will not be
considered; if rates
not available floor
price can be set;
steps to be taken to
update the market
value.
28. Valuation of
structures
Full Replacement cost Section 29 (1)
without deducting
the depreciated
value.
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29. Solatium and
interest
Section 30(1) 100%
of the compensation
amount
Section 30(3): 12%
per annum on the
market rate from the
date of notification
of SIA to the date of
ward or land taken
over
30. R&R Award Total cost included in RAP to
resettle and rehabilitate the
affected persons and assist in
their efforts to improve their
livelihoods and standards of
living or at least to restore
them, in real terms, to pre-
displacement levels or to
levels prevailing prior to the
beginning of project
implementation, whichever is
higher
Section 31, Second
Schedule: A family
as a unit will receive
R&R grant over and
above the
compensation and
those who are not
entitled to
compensation.
Second Schedule:
Homeless entitled to
constructed house,
land for land in
irrigation projects in
lieu of
compensation, in
case of acquisition
for urbanization
20% of developed
land reserved for
owners at a prices
equal to
compensation’ jobs
or one time payment
or annuity for 20
years’ subsistence
grant,
transportation, land
and house
registered on joint
name husband and
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wife, etc
31 Transparency Section 37(1):
Information of each
individual family
including loss,
compensation
awarded, etc will be
available on the
website.
38. Possession of land Taking of land and related
assets may take place only
after compensation has been
paid and, where applicable,
resettlement sites and moving
allowances have been
provided to the displaced
persons.
Section 38(1): Land
will be taken over
by the government
within three months
of compensation
and 6 months of
R&R benefits
disbursed;
infrastructure
facilities at
resettlement sites
will be completed
within 18 months
from the date of
award made under
section 30 for
compensation; in
case of irrigation
and hydle projects
R&R completed six
months prior to
submergence.
39. Multiple
displacement
Section 39:
Additional
compensation
equivalent to
compensation
determined will be
paid to displaced
31. Acquisition for
emergency purpose
Not permeable in bank funded
projects
Section 40 (5): 75%
additional
compensation will
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be paid over and
above the
compensation
amount
32. Prior consent before
acquisition and
alienation
Mandatory to carry out Free,
Prior, Informed Consultation
with Indigenous people.
Section 41(3)
Mandatory to get
consent from Gram
sabah, Panchayat,
Autonomous
Councils in
Scheduled areas.
33. Development plans
for SC and ST
Indigenous Peoples’
Development plan required
along with RAP.
Land for land for is an option
across all sectors.
Section 41: Separate
development plans
to be prepared,
settle land rights
before acquisition;
provision of for
alternate fuel
fodder, non-timber
produce on forest
land to be
developed within 5
years; 1/3rd
compensation
amount to be paid
as first installment
and rest at the time
of taking possession;
ST to be resettled
within Scheduled
area; land free of
cost for community
purpose; land
alienation will be
null and void and
ST and SC
considered for R&R
benefits; fishing
rights restored in
irrigation and hydle
projects; if wish to
settle outside the
district additional
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benefits to be
provided in
monetary terms; all
rights enjoyed under
other laws will
continue.
Second Schedule:
additional
provisions for
SC&ST for land for
land in irrigation
projects, additional
sum over and above
the subsistence
grant,
34. Institutional
arrangement
Institutional arrangement
must be agreed upon and
included in RAP, IPDP.
Section 43-45:
Appointment of
administrator, R&R
Commissioner,
when more than 100
acres of land is to be
acquired, R&R
Committee will be
formed at project
level, social audit to
be carried out by
Gram Sabha and
Municipalities.
35. Change of land use Section 46(4): Land
will not be
transferred to the
requisitioning
authority till R&R is
not complied with
in full
36 Monitoring and
Evaluation
Indicators and monitoring
system included in RAP and
IPDP
Section 48-50:Set up
National and State
level Monitoring
Committee to
review and monitor
progress
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37. Authority to settle
claims
Section 51-74: the
Authority will be set
up settle any legal
disputes that arise
from acquisition and
R&R, the aggrieved
party can move to
the high court
thereafter.
38. Exempt from tax
and fee
Section 96:
Compensation and
agreements will not
be liable to tax
39. No change in status
of land acquired
Section 99: Once the
land is acquired for
a particular purpose,
its purpose cannot
be changed
40. Return of unutilized
land
Section 101: If the
acquired land
remains unutilized
for 5 years, then it
will be returned to
original owner, heir
or included in land
bank
41. Distribution of
increased value of
land transferred
Section102: 40% of
appreciated value of
acquired land will
be distributed to
owners provided no
development has
taken place.
NGRBA Environmental and Social Management Framework (Applicable):
Given the distributed nature of investments in multiple states, the investments
under the program may entail environmental and social impacts. The environment
and social framework is intended to help manage the social and environmental
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impacts through appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction
and operation phases of various investments. The framework will identify the
adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the
policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment
along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies. The document
essentially comprises the following key sections:
A brief summary of key probable Environmental and Social Impacts
Environment and Social Regulatory Framework applicable for the program
Environment Management Framework
Social Management Framework
Project Appraisal, Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements
Institutional Arrangements
Training and Capacity Building for ESMF
The guidelines are prepared for addressing the issues limited to this project for
resettlement and rehabilitation of the PAPs. This policy has been developed based
on the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007 and the World Bank
OPs 4.12 on involuntary resettlement and 4.10 on indigenous peoples.
The 'Social Policy‘ of NGRBP aims to resettle and rehabilitate the affected persons on
account of its sub projects in a manner that they do not suffer from adverse effects
and shall improve or at the minimum retain their previous standard of living,
earning capacity and production levels. It is also the endeavor of the NGRBP that the
resettlement shall minimize dependency and be sustainable socially, economically
and institutionally. Special attention will be paid for the improvement of living
standards of marginalized and vulnerable groups.
4.3 Other legislations applicable to construction activities
Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The
construction agencies therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land, which
include inter alia, the following:
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Table 4.2 Other legislations applicable
Sl
No
Act/ Rule Purpose Authority
1 Workmen's
Compensation Act 1923
Provides for compensation in case of
injury by accident arising out of and
during the course of employment)
Contractor
2 Contract Labor
(Regulation and
Abolition) Act, 1970
Provides for certain welfare measures to
be provided by the contractor to contract
labour
Contractor
3 Minimum Wages Act,
1948
The employer is supposed to pay not less
than the Minimum Wages fixed by the
Government as per provisions of the Act
Contractor
4 Payment of Wages Act,
1936
Lays down as to by what date the wages
are to be paid, when it will be paid and
what deductions can be made from the
wages of the workers
Contractor
5 Equal Remuneration
Act, 1979
Provides for payment of equal wages for
work of equal nature to Male and Female
workers and not for making
discrimination against Female employees
Contractor
6 Child Labour
(Prohibition and
Regulation) Act, 1986
Prohibits employment of children below
14 years of age in certain occupations and
processes and provides for regulation of
employment of children in all other
occupations and processes. Employment
of child labour is prohibited in Building
and Construction Industry
Contractor
7 Inter-State Migrant
Workmen‟s
(Regulation of
Employment and
Conditions of Service)
In an establishment to which this Act
becomes applicable, are required to be
provided certain facilities such as housing,
medical aid, travelling expenses from
home to the establishment and back,
Contractor
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Sl
No
Act/ Rule Purpose Authority
Act, 1979
8 The Building and Other
Construction Workers
(Regulation of
Employment and
Conditions of Service)
Act, 1996 and the Cess
Act of 1996
All the establishments who carry on any
building or other construction work and
employs 10 or more workers are covered
under this Act; the employer of the
establishment is required to provide safety
measures at the building or construction
work and other welfare measures, such as
canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance,
housing accommodation for Workers near
the workplace
Contractor
4.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies
The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its
support to sustainable investments. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate
undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These policies
provide guidelines for bank and borrower staffs in the identification, preparation, and
implementation of programs and projects.
From the Environment Perspective the Operational Policies (OP) that may be
relevant for this project are (i) OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, (ii) OP 4.04
Natural Habitats and (iii) OP 4.36 Forests. From the Social point of view the relevant
Ops are (i) OP 4.10 Indigenous Population involving tribal (ii) OP 4.12 Involuntary
Resettlement in the case of land acquisition.
Since there is no involuntary land taking resulting in loss of immovable assets;
livelihood or sources of livelihood, the OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement has not
been triggered. Though social assessment shows presence of scheduled tribes in the
sub project area, the ST families do not have a historically based collective
attachment to this land or any customary. Nor do they speak a separate language or
have political institutions that separate them from the majority population. Hence
OP 4.10 on Indigenous People has not been triggered.
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CHAPTER 5: BASELINE STATUS
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5. BASELINE STATUS
5.1 Baseline Environmental Features
5.1.1 Physiography and Topography
The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river Ganga
flows along the entire west border of the Municipality. The district North 24 parganas
within which Halisahar is situated , is located among the main Himalayas, which provides a
broad variety of landforms contact form slopes as well as top in order to coves and side rails.
However Halisahar does not depict any undulations in terrain.
5.1.2 Climate
Its climate is very much influenced by the sea. The Municipality has a very tropical savanna
type of climate, same as Kolkata and is dominated by 3 seasons – summer, monsoon and
winter. The summer is hot and humid and continues from April to June. Summer is
dominated by strong south westerly monsoon winds. Monsoon arrives in mid-June and
stays up to September. Winter is the most pleasant time and lasts for 3 months - December,
January and February. Early morning mists are common in winter. The annual mean
temperature is 26.80 C. The maximum temperature often exceeds 400 C. The temperature
does not fall below 100 C. Maximum rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August (306 mm)
and the average annual total is 1,582 mm. Total duration of sunshine is 2,528 hours per
annum with maximum rainfall occurring in mid-July/August.
5.1.3 Soil Type and Pollution
Depending upon the soils and climatic variations, the ULB falls into the category of the
Gangetic Alluvial Region in the east, which comprises of Nadia, and parts of Malda,
Dakshin Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Bardhaman, Hooghli and 24 Parganas districts. Soils of
this area are mostly neutral in reaction. Upland soils are lighter in texture and contain higher
proportions of fine sand and silt, which helps water recharge. Here the groundwater
potential is very high and the aquifer character is mostly unconfined. The region is suitable
for cultivation of all kinds of field and horticulture crops.
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However, soil erosion is of concern in Halisahar Municipality as in any urban area. To
prevent the soil erosion a large-scale plantation programme including awareness and
motivation campaign has been planned and a part of that is already under implementation
through Ganga Action Plan under assistance from the Government of India.
Soil contamination mainly occurs from industrial and biomedical waste, domestic waste and
open defecation/ use of unhygienic latrines. Halisahar Municipality has taken measures like
setting up community latrines, pay and use toilets to abate the menace of open defecation.
The municipality has taken necessary measures to prevent open defecation along with the
process of conversion of ‘khata latrines’ to ‘sanitary latrines’. However there are a few dug-
well latrines, which need to be, eliminated soon. Meanwhile the project for the purpose has
been initiated in order to minimize the contamination.
5.1.4 Air Pollution:
The fast industrialization, higher traffic and higher levels of energy consumption has
resulted in increase in pollution load in the urban environment. Urban ambient air quality
have acquired new dimension due to increase in Hazardous Air Pollutants namely, Ozone,
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Ketones and aldehydes. Air pollution generally
occurs in most of the towns due to heavy movement of vehicular traffic. In this regard,
Halisahar town has only two main arterial roads namely Col. K.P. Gupta Road which plies
only autos as public transport and Ghosh Para Main Road which caters only one bus route
along with some autos. Hence the traffic density and road congestion in this township is
comparatively less compared to any other Municipal town. Another source of Air pollution
in Halisahar Municipality is due to the existence of large manufacturing units Precision
Engineering Works India, Eco Techno Enterprises, Mabcon Industres, Cadillac Engineering
Works etc. These units are advised to take a controlling measure. Hence Air pollution status
is quite insignificant. In the absence of air pollution data for Halishar ULB area, the monthly
data for the different Air Quality Monitoring Stations of North 24 Parganas was considered
which indicate the SPM (micrograms per cubic meter) is of the order of 200 against the
allowable limit of 200 for residential and 500 for Industrial, RPM (micrograms per cubic
meter) is around 100 against the allowable limit of 100 for residential and 150 for industrial.
SO2 (micrograms per cubic meter) is below 10 as against the allowable limit of 80 for
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residential and 120 for industrial and NO2 (micrograms per cubic meter) averaging to
around 60 where the allowable limit of 80 for residential and 120 for industrial areas.
Source : Environmental Monitoring data of WBPCB, 2009-10)
Thus Air Pollution indicators do not raise an alarm but unregulated developments can lead
to uncontrolled dimensions.
5.1.5 Noise Pollution:
Increased mobility is the primary expression of the benefits that the society enjoys due to the
transport system. This also acts as a catalyst for the deterioration of the environmental
quality in terms of noise and air pollution. The main sources of traffic noise are the motors
and exhaust system of autos, smaller trucks, buses, and motorcycles. As the vehicular traffic
and road congestion is less in Halisahar, thereby noise pollution is also insignificant. Noise
is not a great problem for this municipality as it is well within the allowable limits of 85
decibel. However sound levels indicate a rise in daytime The decibel level in commercial
area vary between 65 to 55 decibel in day and night time respectively while it is 55 and 45
decibel in the residential area.
5.1.6 Water Environment
Ground Water
Based on the geological and geomorphological set up, in North 24 Parganas District which
holds Halisahar Municipality, the characteristics of the aquifers and chemical character of
ground water indicates areas of prolific ground water resources (yield is more than
150m3//hr).
Ground water occurs both under unconfined & confined condition within the explored
depth of maximum 600mbgl. Aquifers are fairly thick & regionally extensive with large yield
prospect of about 150m3/hr. The occurrence of Arsenic in ground water in the depth span of
20-80 mbgl restricted mainly in the eastern part of Bhagirathi River has posed a serious
problem.
Fresh ground water bearing aquifer occurring in varying depth ranges within 180-
360mbglwithin the drilled depth of 600mbgl have been established. The fresh group of
aquifers are sandwiched between saline/brackish aquifer. The top saline/brackish aquifer
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lies within the depth span of 20-180m with maximum depth of 320mbgl in the extreme
south. Suitably constructed tubewell tapping 35m cumulative thickness can yield 100-
150m3/hr.
Water Pollution
The magnitude of water pollution at Halisahar, if left uncontrolled can lead to alarming
situations in due course of time. The status of water quality is provided in table below:
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Table 5.1: Pollution Status in Halisahar town
S. No. Parameter Location
Suripara
Nalah
Bolurpar
aghat
Kona khal Khasbati
Nala
Kalikatala
Nalah
Bagher
Khal
Bolur
Ghat
Rampras
ad
Ghat
1 Colour
(visual)
Slightly
Blackish
Slightly
Blackish
Slightly
Blackish
Slightly
Blackish
Slightly
Blackish
Slightly
Blackish
Greyish Greyish
2 pH 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3 Temperat
ure (°C)
22 20 20 21 20 22.5 22 20
4 Total
Dissolved
Solids,
mg/l
494 490 380 372 364 154 164 364
5 Total
Suspende
d Solids,
mg/l
92 40 78 94 36 172 92 36
6 B.O.D. 3
days at
270C,mg/
l
90 60 40 18 18 16 5.2 18
7 C.O.D.,
mg/l
320 136 104 80 138.24 92.16 76.8 138.24
8 Faecal
Coliform
110000 80000 350000 72000 210000 2500 2250 210000
The BOD3days data as given for Khasbati Nala, Kalikatala Nala, Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and
Ramprasad Ghat is low (below 30mg/l) due to the tidal effect. A nala network map and
their route going towards river Ganga justify this fact.
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Water Supply Infrastructure
The Halisahar Municipality has 23 wards with a population of 124851 according to the
provisional census 2011.The water supply situation within these 23 wards including the
slums differs from ward to ward. The people receive water through individual household
connection, or communal taps or tube wells. The water supply coverage in Halisahar at
present is about 17592 as domestic connections out of 26500 households (as per the SLB
report) and 870 stand posts in working condition. The remaining people are receiving water
through 83 nos. of hand tube-wells which are working (Source Baseline survey). The per
capita water availability is about 66.5 lpcd which is delivered on an average 6.5 hrs a day
and 30 days per month (Source SLB Report dated 15.03.2011). The piped water is supplied
through five service reservoirs by pumping through 33 pumps. Of the five reservoirs, three
of them are in working condition and the remaining two (at Sarkar bazaar and Alokananda)
are in very poor condition. Seven more have been newly constructed by KMDA but not yet
handed over to Halisahar Municipality. The water quality supplied is being tested
periodically and found that the supplied water quality is within permissible limit.
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Majority of the households in most slums are covered by piped water supply. One or two
hand tube wells have been provided in each slum according to the local need. It has been
noted that a large number of slum households have no water supply connection even where
network service is available. In these cases only a street stand post serves the purpose. In
some cases supply of water cannot be assured according to requirement due to low water
pressure. From time to time the Municipality addresses these issues by sinking an additional
tube well. The existing source of piped water in the Halisahar Municipality is surface water
supplied from Kalyani and Ground water which is realised through following deep tube
wells.
Table 5.2: Status of Water supply Infrastructure facility in Halisahar Municipality
Asset Category Ward
Nos.
Quantity / Capacity Year of
Construction /
Commissioning
Physical
condition / state
of repairs.
WATER SUPPLY
Service Reservoir Names
Bhanganpara,
Tentultala, Prosadnagar
2, 4, 17 4, 54, 600 Ltrs.,
3, 63, 678 Ltrs.,
4, 54, 600 Ltrs.
1978, 1961, 1978 O.K.
Sarkarbazar 8 3, 63, 678 Ltrs. 1961 Repairing is
required.
Alokananda 14 4, 54, 600 Ltrs. 1979 Worst
7 more Service Reservoirs in addition to one UGR have been constructed by KMDA but yet to be
handed over
Pumping Capacity
33 nos Pumping
Stations
War no.
1-23
Capacity of pumping
0.1625 MGD, but
receiving 2.72 MGD
from 33 pumps
Commissioned
between year
1995 – 2011
OK
Source : DDP , HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17
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Table 5.3: Ward Wise Status of Water Supply in Halisahar
Ward No. HHs Persons
Piped
water
supply
( % HH )
Own
Tube
Well
( % )
Municipal
Hand
Pumps
( % )
Others
( % )
Per
capita
Water
Supply
( lpcd )
1 1281 6198 90 5 3 2 71
2 1462 6894 87 6 4 3 77
3 1285 5893 90 5 3 2 99
4 840 3812 95 3 2 - 75
5 1144 5450 90 7 3 - 81
6 970 4264 95 3 2 - 105
7 1486 6673 75 15 8 2 98
8 1302 6781 90 5 3 2 112
9 966 4536 100 - - - 95
10 810 3738 100 - - - 94
11 1369 6651 100 - - - 68
12 979 4662 95 3 2 - 75
13 1027 4783 80 15 5 - 73
14 1064 4852 80 15 5 - 95
15 983 4375 80 15 5 - 110
16 940 4770 90 8 2 - 104
17 828 3622 85 10 5 - 110
18 1953 9473 95 3 2 - 65
19 2021 7085 - -
20 763 3321 100 - - - 112
21 1213 5582 90 8 2 - 79
22 1162 5469 80 10 10 - 75
23 1419 6631 100 - - - 70
Average ( lpcd ) : 80.13
Source: City Sanitation Plan ,Halisahar Municipality
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5.1.7 Drainage
Much of the core network of drains in Halisahar Municipality are pucca but in the
bye lanes, branch & lateral drains inside the slums are still kutcha or semi pucca. 127
kms of surface drains and 76 kms of unsurfaced drain carry the entire storm and
sullage water of the municipality to the nikashi khal and finally drain into the River.
There are 7 outfalls that drain water in Hooghy River.
Some of the main channels for draining waste water as well as the storm water of
Halisahar Municipality and the adjoining area are as follows: -
SuriparaNala (ward no. 23)
Balur Para ghat (ward no. 20)
Kona drain (border of ward no. 10 & 11)
Khasbatikhal (ward no. 10)
Kalika Tala khal (ward no. 6)
Bagher khal (ward no. 4)
Table 5.4: Drainage network coverage in Halisahar
Ward No.
Surfaced
Drains
( approx. km )
Unsurfaced
Drains
( approx. km )
% Surfaced
Drains
( approx. km )
% Unsurfaced
Drains
( approx. km )
NikashiKhal
( km )
1 4 1 80 20 0.50
2 5 2 71 29 1.00
3 6 3 67 33 1.00
4 3 2 60 40 0.20
5 7 3 70 30
6 6 3 67 33 1.00
7 6 3 67 33
8 6 3 67 33 0.70
9 6 4 60 40
10 5 3 63 37 0.20
11 3 2 60 40
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Ward No.
Surfaced
Drains
( approx. km )
Unsurfaced
Drains
( approx. km )
% Surfaced
Drains
( approx. km )
% Unsurfaced
Drains
( approx. km )
NikashiKhal
( km )
12 6 2 75 25 1.20
13 4 2 67 33 0.30
14 6 1 86 14 0.20
15 5 2 71 29 1.00
16 4 1 80 20 1.20
17 3 1 75 25 1.00
18 3 1 75 25 0.50
19 2 1 67 33 0.30
20 2 1 67 33 0.30
21 4 2 67 33
22 2 1 67 33 0.70
23 4 1 80 20 0.50
Total 100 43 11.80
Source: City Sanitation Plan,HalisaharMunicpality
Further, random growth and settlement in the slum area has choked the natural drainage
courses, which in turn causes water logging and stagnation in different parts of the slum.
This accumulated water results in various health problems
5.1.8 Solid waste Management
Another source of pollution is infiltration of lands which comes from solid waste of
industries, households, marketplaces, cattle sheds, bio medical and toxic wastes from
hospitals and nursing homes etc.
Total Solid waste generated in the municipality is in the range of 450 gms. Per capita per
day, amounting to 45 MT / day approximately.
In addition to this about 6 MT of solid waste is generated from markets. Presently 96 hand
carts are used for door to door collection of solid waste. For secondary storage there are
about 29 vats. Four tractors are working for Solid Waste transportation and one is kept for
night soil.
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Table 5.5: Solid waste Management status
House
Holds
Total Solid Waste
generated
( MT/day )
Total Solid Waste
generated
( per capita )
Door to
Door
Collection
HH
Covered (%)
40 to 45
350 to 400 gms/day YES 95
Source: City Sanitation Plan, Halisahar Municipality
Toxic & bio-medical wastes are collected by SEMB-RAMKY to dispose of at their Kalyani
facility. The other solid wastes after segregations are disposed of properly in dumping
ground for chemical and bio-degradation. A scheme to prepare compost manures by way
of utilizing aforesaid wastes is being planned for a fruitful management of the same. In
this way the quality of land and soil is maintained in Halisahar enforcing rules and
regularities of WBPCB.
However lots need to be done in the domain of Solid Waste Management towards
reducing pollution in general and subsequently in river Ganga which can be included
under NGRBA.
5.1.9 Flora and Fauna
Flora
From a phytogeographic viewpoint, the southern part of West Bengal can be divided into
two regions: the Gangetic plain and the littoral mangrove forests zone. The alluvial soil of
the Gangetic plain, compounded with favourable rainfall, make this region especially fertile
and rich for vegetative growth. Further North 24Parganas also falls in the Lower Gangetic
Plains bio-geographical zone. The project area Halisahar is a part of this phytogeography.
Common trees like Banyan (Ficusbenghalensis), Krishnachura(Caesalpiniapulcherrima), Ashatha,
Radhachura Delonixregia trees are visible along with Neem(Azadirachtaindica)which has high
medical value. Fruit trees like Mango, Banana, and Coconut are found in within the urban area.
Riverside vegetation has depleted to some extent. As perceived by common people, hedge
plants have seen reduction due to increase in construction activities.
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Fauna
In Halisahar as in any urban ecosystem, several species and types of birds co-exist. A mix
of species signifies not just diversity, but also the ecological role played by them
collectively in the web of life in any ecosystem. But over a period of time the green spaces
and the species that thrived in and around most towns have declined. The most common
perception is about the reduction in the number of sparrows. While the crows and kites
which are known to be hardy species, which can adapt to a variety of climates and can
feed by scavenging and opportunistic hunting, sparrows being a vulnerable species
diminish in numbers in the process of environmental change.. There is a similar increase in
the population of other animal species such as stray dogs and rats. Similarly, many snakes
get killed as they come under the wheels on roads. The number of amphibians has declined
mainly because of road kill, water pollution and drop in monsoon puddles among oher
reasons. However wandering jackals are visible as mentioned by residents of
HalisaharMuncipality.Moreoverfishes like Rohu(Labeorohita ) , Katla (Catlacatla) , Bata
(Labeobata).
5.2 Baseline Socio- Economic Status
5.2.1 Demographic profile
The Municipality is divided into 23 wards covering 8.29 square kilometres, with population
of 1,24,479 as per 2001 census. The current decadal population growth rate of Halisahar
Municipality is approximately 22.5% and if it continues to register similar growth rate the
population is expected to be 1,47,000 by 2025. This conversely translates to population
density of 17,754 persons per square kilometres. Halisahar Municipality has 58.10% of slum
population. The 20.30% of total population have migrated from the East-Pakistan
(Bangladesh), 10.70% people come commuting to work place and 27.10% have come to
search for job opportunities from different parts of India and mostly from nearby States of
Bihar, Oddissa and Jharkhand. According to 2001 census, 30% of the total population is
categorised as other workers, 4% as Marginal workers and rest Household industry workers.
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Table 5.6: Working status of population in Halisahar
Category of workers Person Male Female
Marginal worker 4985 3857 1128
HHI worker 998 373 625
Other worker 38161 35029 3132
Source:DDP ,HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17
Among linguistic group 20.30% are Bengali speaking, 26.90% Hindi speaking, 7.40% Urdu
speaking and 2.50% are Oriya speaking. The ward wise population distribution is given in
the following table.
Table 5.7: Population profile of Halisahar
Ward
No.
Area
( sq.
km.)
HHs
HH
Size
Population
Persons Males Females Density Sex
Ratio
1 0.76 1281 5 6194 3358 2836 8166 845
2 0.36 1462 5 6894 3483 3411 19248 979
3 0.41 1285 5 5893 3007 2886 14344 960
4 0.33 840 5 3812 1892 1920 11673 1015
5 0.52 1144 5 5450 2800 2650 10558 946
6 0.58 970 5 4264 2181 2083 7359 955
7 0.82 1486 5 6673 3402 3271 8121 961
8 0.51 1302 5 5781 2945 2836 11433 963
9 0.41 966 5 4535 2257 2278 11038 1009
10 0.23 810 5 3738 1942 1796 16129 925
11 0.14 1369 5 6651 3860 2791 48566 723
12 0.31 979 5 4662 2385 2277 15260 955
13 0.27 1027 5 4783 2479 2304 17463 930
14 0.34 1064 5 4852 2453 2399 14393 978
15 0.60 983 5 4375 2195 2180 7286 993
16 0.25 940 5 4770 2535 2235 18867 882
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Ward
No.
Area
( sq.
km.)
HHs
HH
Size
Population
Persons Males Females Density Sex
Ratio
17 0.20 828 5 3622 1900 1722 18096 907
18 0.25 1953 5 9473 5348 4125 37469 772
19 0.28 2021 4 7085 4491 2594 24910 578
20 0.08 763 5 3321 1938 1383 39407 714
21 0.25 1213 5 5582 3300 2282 22079 692
22 0.12 1162 5 5469 3093 2376 47196 768
23 0.26 1419 5 6631 3907 2724 25179 697
Total 8.28 27267 124,510 19750
Source: DDP ,HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17
5.2.2 Socio Economic status
According to the socio economic survey conducted in the Municipality, approximately 71%
of the population belong to the general caste and 23% are schedule caste. The rests are
Schedule Tribes and other backward classes. Population profile by religion as revealed in the
survey shows 96% as Hindus, 3.59% Muslims and rest among others like Christians.
Reviewing the socio-economic indices, it is imperative that a large section of the population
is actually economically weaker section of population. 58 slums within 23 Wards of the
ULB of Halisahar contain about 52% of the total population. The average household size
computes to 4.16 members and an income of Rs.3000 per month translates to Rs.100 per
household per day for the majority of surveyed households reflects availability of only Rs.24
per member/ day, which is even by Tendulkar Committee Report falls short of the BPL
bench mark.Out of the total population 26.5% are currently under the below poverty level
(whereas, BPL average percentage in West Bengal as per 2001 census is 31.58%).
Furthermore, the average monthly household expenditure figures vis-à-vis average monthly
income clearly denotes the perilous conditions of a vast majority (86.75%) who appear to be
perennially under indebtedness.
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Table 5.8: Income and expenditure status
Range pm. <Rs.2000
(%)
2000-3000
(%)
3000-4000
(%)
4000-6000
(%)
6000-9000
(%)
> Rs.9000
(%)
Monthly income 16.01 83.92 0 0 0 0.0006
Monthly
Expenditure
1.71 86.75 9.33 2.20 0 0
Source:DDP ,HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17
A substantial portion of the male work force is mostly unskilled labour with an assortment
of menial labour eg. Rikshaw Puller, Van Puller etc.
5.2.3 Household survey in the project Area
A small scale household survey was conducted in wards 8, 9, 12, 18, 20 to assess Sanitation
practices, understanding of the project, willingness to connect and pay etc. Of the
population in project area. (Refer to Survey Questionnaire in Annex 1)
Keeping in mind the Environment and social impact of the project (NGRBA) a household
survey has been conducted at 7 wards of Halisahar Municipality. The Number of Household
was 108 in which the percentage of male and female respondents were 66.67% & 33.33%
respectively. Almost 88.89% respondent said that they used piped water. Only 33.33%
respondents did not give satisfactory answer regarding the quality of drinking water.
Majority of the respondents have pucca toilet at home and those who have no pucca toilet,
they were willing to construct pucca toilet.
From the household survey it has been revealed that no mass awareness was generated for
this project. 22.22% respondents came to know of the project from Municipal Staff and 9%
from ward councillor or other representative. And they said that they were ready to
cooperate to implement such a project successfully. Regarding source of pollution 86%
respondent said that Household waste through drain was the main reason for Ganga
pollution.
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0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
Household waste through
drain
Garbage dump Industrial Waste
Source of Pollution
Pe
rce
nta
ge
66.67% respondents informed that their health would be improved if this project is
successfully implemented.
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
Clean Ganga Health improvement Low pollution and Clean
environment
Direct benefits of the project
Pe
rce
nta
ge
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The survey shows that 100% respondents were willing to connect the sewerage line and they
were ready to pay user charges. Among the respondents few said that they did not have any
objection to pay user charges if it was affordable.
Regarding awareness of the project they said that mass awareness was required through
Leaflet, poster, cable TV and community meeting.
5.2.4 Traffic Analysis
In the case of Halisahar the traffic volume count in different junctions is very important to
understand the pressure on the road during peak period and lean period. Understanding the
traffic flow and taking care of it during construction will put people in less trouble. So, to get
a brief picture of the traffic flow and modal split of the town a few major junctions and
arterial roads were selected to understand the traffic volume of the town.
Peak Period (THREE MAJOR ROADS) /hour / (9 AM- 10AM)
Table 5.9 Modal Split in Peak Period
Mode of travel Ghoshpara
road In %
Station road
In % Sarkar Bazar on Col K P Gupta
Road In %
2 wheelers 228 24.36 200 17.54 300 19.74
3 wheelers 40 4.27 44 3.86 28 1.84
4 wheelers 84 8.97 56 4.91 40 2.63
Cycles/rickshaw 528 56.41 840 73.68 1148 75.53
Bus 20 2.14 0 0.00 0 0.00
Truck 36 3.85 0 0.00 4 0.26
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According to the modal split analysis from primary survey during peak hours in the major
road junctions of Halisahar it has been depicted that cycle, rickshaw and 2 wheelers are the
dominating vehicles.bi-cycles and rickshaw consists 56 percent to 75 percent of modal share
of total traffic flow and 2 wheelers consist 19 to 24 percent of total modal share. Sarkar
Bazar is the most dominated by the 2 wheelers and cycles as other mode of transports (like
bus) are not in this route. But, Ghoshpara road as it is the arterial roads of Halisahar so
percentage of two wheelers and four wheelers are more than other junctions. In general Col
K P Gupta Road is the busiest with highest traffic volume.
MODAL SPLIT OF TRAVEL – Lean Period (THREE MAJOR ROADS)/ hour / (1PM-2PM)
Table5.10: Modal Split in Lean Period
Lean Period
Mode of travel Ghoshpara
road
In % Station
road In %
Sarkar Bazar On Col K P Gupta
Road
In %
2 wheelers 284 31.00 200 21.93 40 7.04
3 wheelers 16 1.75 64 7.02 16 2.82
4 wheelers 68 7.42 56 6.14 4 0.70
Cycles/rickshaw 484 52.84 592 64.91 500 88.03
Bus 16 1.75 0 0.00 0 0.00
Truck 48 5.24 0 0.00 8 1.41
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The above diagramme is also depicting the lean period traffic volume count of the major
junctions of Halisahar. According to that in the station road, cycle and rickshaw is the
dominating vehicle during the lean period. Actually, school students return during this
period. In the Ghoshpara road during this lean period of traffic cycle and rickshaw share has
been decreased to 52 percent which is much lower compare to other time duration and
place. This if followed by share of 2 wheelers. Sarkar bazaar depicts relatively low traffic
volume during lean period of the day.
To sum up traffic composition is dominated by Cycle, rickshaws or two wheelers. Four
wheelers are common in Sarkar bazar junction.
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CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL AND
SOCIAL IMPACTS
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6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
The purpose of the ESMF is to facilitate the management of environmental and social issues
of the river pollution mitigation investments. In other words, the objective is to identify the
adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and
procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and
responsibilities of the implementing agencies.
In this perspective, we shall look to provide a detailed assessment of the environmental
impacts of the project, with proper highlight of the issues and their effective mitigation
measures that has been or has to be considered during the design, construction and
operation of the project at the municipality.
6.1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts
The following environmental parameters have been evaluated to assess/ analyse the impact
of the Project:
air quality;
noise;
water quality;
waste management and;
Occupational health and safety
Traffic flow
6.1.1 Air Quality
During the construction of new sewer line, pumping station and STP; there will be
temporary increase in the level of suspended solid particles and other minute particles from
the construction activity and the construction material The Residual impact will not be
significant and also a short term impact and will not have an adverse impact on the
residents. Moreover in Halisahar all sites for construction of lifting stations are within
walled protected area and the suspended solid particles will not spread much to the
residential portion.
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During the operational phase, when the project households are connected to the new sewer
line, pumping station and STP is in operation, there is a less possibility of sewer odour
spreading into the air. However, it may arise only when there is a fault or malfunctioning of
pumping station and STP which can easily being avoided with proper mitigation measures.
6.1.2 Noise
Noise will generate during construction which will be above the acceptable criteria. During
construction proper use of technology can considerably control the noise levels from the
construction sites.
During the operational phase, noise level will not create any adverse effect as proper
technology will adopted. The noise level generated during this phase will based on the
sound power level of the pump, but would be within the criteria due to the large attenuation
afforded by the pumping station building. Thus, it is concluded that the operational noise
levels would not create any adverse impacts to local residents.
6.1.3 Water Quality
Water quality will be impacted during construction phase due to suspended solids runoff
from excavation sites and spoil heaps and from dewatering of trenches and foundations,
when water containing high concentration of suspended solids may be discharged to water
courses. Since the proposed STP will be an augmentation of the existing STP of 6.5 mld to 16
mld therefore care must be taken that the STP will be constructed in phased manner so that
the existing STP is not completely stopped before the operation of the proposed STP.
However, with the implementation of suitable mitigation measures it is concluded that there
will be no adverse impacts. No residual construction impacts are predicted.
Once operational, the overall system of sewage discharge will be upgraded as no untreated
or chronically discharged water will effects the water courses. Thus, the scheme offers a
significant environmental benefit to the area in terms of improvements in the quality of the
River Ganga.
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The only potential water quality issue during the operational stage will arise from the
emergency overflow of sewage into the local receiving waters. To protect against this, all
pumping station have been designed to include a stand-by pump and emergency power
supply. Based upon these mitigation measures, it is extremely unlikely that a failure will
occur. However in case a failure does occur, it would be repaired promptly and the
discharge would be short-term.
6.1.4 Waste Management
A large proportion of the soil material that will be excavated during the construction phase
can be used for several other purposes like backfill material for the sewer alignment. The
remaining earth and the broken surface material will require off-site disposal on the basis
that it will be surplus to requirements or unsuitable for backfilling respectively.
The waste material generated during the operational phase will be limited to screening
materials removed during the maintenance of the pumping station and materials removed
from manholes after removal of blockages. Assuming proper handling and disposal
methods are adopted, no adverse impacts are predicted.
Care must also be taken so that the solid waste generated from the screening of waste at the
sewage pumping stations and Sewage Treatment Plant are adequately disposed to an
identified location and not just outside of the premise boundary.
The disposal location is Halisahar Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Ground (Trenching
Ground) Niranjan Samajpati Sarani, ward no - 8.where the sludge will be disposed. It is
near about. 5 km (approx.) from STP site or sludge will be used in nearest brick field of the
Municipality
In similar manner separate arrangement to be made for the disposal of sewage sludge in a
suitable site.
6.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety
Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in
trenches and excavation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible
by mitigation measures.
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6.1.6 Traffic Flow
Traffic congestion will be caused by pipeline construction and increased construction traffic
in urban areas. Roads may be fully or partially closed during construction, causing
temporary inconvenience to residents, commercial operations and institutions. However
since traffic flow analysis indicates that there is a domination of cycles, rickshaws and two
wheelers de-routing can be a possibility without major disruptions.
Impact on Livelihood:
The excavation and tunnelling work will lead to road blockage and as a result the
commercial establishments and vendors will have some trouble in operating their business
on daily basis. This issue has occurred in previous road construction projects sponsored by
the Asian Development Bank3, and could resurface in this project. It was also a concern
raised by vendors during the field visit, though vendors generally seemed to think that the
blockage would not last long and were not particularly worried about it.
Impact on Land Use:
According to the DPR, consultations with relevant officials and first-hand observations
during the field visit no land is required for the project, as land is available for construction
of proposed STP and also sewage construction will not result in land seizures of any kind.
Thus, given that there is no land acquisition, there are no social issues related to land
acquisition, including but not limited to loss of property, resettlement, land regulations, etc.
6.1.7 Project Impacts
The Following impacts as described above can be summarised into Construction and
operational phases.
Impacts during Construction Phase Impacts during Operational Phase
Airborne dust will be caused by excavation,
demolition, vehicle movement and materials
handling, particularly downwind from the
construction sites. Air pollution will be caused
3 “India: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program,” and “India: Northeastern Region Capital City Development Investment Program”
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by emissions from vehicles and construction
machinery
Nuisance odours generated by screening,
grit removal, primary tanks, secondary
(aeration) tanks, and sludge handling
processes. The pumping stations could also
be a source of such odours.
Noise will be caused by construction equipment
and vehicular movement, potentially affecting
residents of nearby villages and schools.
Traffic congestion will be caused by pipeline
construction and increased construction traffic
in urban areas. Roads may be fully or partially
closed during construction, causing temporary
inconvenience to residents, commercial
operations and institutions.
Waste discharge from construction camps. The
discharge of wastewater from construction
camps could create new pollution sources. The
camps could also be sources of solid waste and
waste oil from machinery maintenance.
Open sewage drains carrying the raw
sewage and waste water to the STP can
create Odour nuisance. Through the
construction of sewers to collect
wastewater, many of these open ditches
will be improved or covered. The
wastewater treatment plants in the project
will substantially improve the water quality
of the receiving waters and this will also
reduce odours downstream.
Excavated materials. Pipeline construction and
demolition will generate huge chunk of
materials for disposal, while site preparation for
the treatment plants will need large amount of
fill material.
Interruption of municipal services. Construction
of project facilities may require relocation of
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underground municipal utilities such as sewers,
gas, water supplies, communication cables, and
power poles.
Occupational hazards which can arise from
working in trenches and excavation works.
Potential impacts are negative and long-term
but reversible by mitigation measures.
Health and hygiene issues for construction
workers can be at stake unless proper facilities
are created
Livelihood disruptions can be caused due to
construction in market areas particularly for
roadside hawkers. However some work
opportunities will also be created.
The project component specific impacts at different phases of project execution have been
elaborated below.
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Table 6.1 Project Component Specific Impact assessment
Activity Details Impact
Construction phase
Construction of STP
, Lifting Stations
Percolation of leachate into
groundwater which may contain
high concentrations of organics
and heavy metals.
The leachate may contaminate
ground and surface water unless it is
contained by an impermeable layer
which allows it to be collected for
subsequent treatment.
Cutting and excavation of roads Longer Travel time Inconvenience in
traffic movement
Accidental and emergency
overflow of sewage into the local
receiving waters.
Increased toxic materials in drains
and water bodies
During construction air and noise
and odour during operation
phase
Bad Odour, Air and Noise pollution
will be nuisance as the STP is located
in Residential area.
Construction of
Sewer Line
Laying of pipe line along very
important and sensitive road and
area like
Col K.P Gupta Road or Dr N.C Bose
road – Main arterial road of the town
a) NetajiSarani or BarendraGoli Main
road – Important connecting road
G.P Road – Runs along the River
and connecting to every arterial
and main road of the town
Excavation, cutting and filling
operations
There will be disruption to the
movement of vehicles.
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Activity Details Impact
Digging of roads, pavements
Removal of soil and pipe. Storing
removed materials beside the
trench. Generation of solid waste
Heavy machinery will be on the
road blocking free flow of
vehicles safe disposal of silt.
All lanes and by lanes with 4 mt
to 6 mt width will cause traffic
congestions.
Impact on livelihood
There will be disruption to the
movement of vehicles and reduced
access to residences and business
Generation of waste and storage
will lead to air pollution
Digging of roads will create puddles
creating insect breeding grounds
Sewer constructions will invariable
lead to road closures, which will
adversely affect shops on those
streets. The first priority is for the
contractor to take the necessary
measures to ensure that pedestrians
always have access to shops,
vendors, etc. For mobile vendors,
this may include adjusting the
location of the cart, etc. to a similar
location in the immediate vicinity of
the original location for the duration
of the project. Projects should also
proceed on schedule so as to
minimize disruption. Additionally,
clean-up of debris and clearance of
blockages should commence
immediately after project completion
so as to remove any potential
obstacles that might prevent
customers from accessing businesses
or other disruptions.
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Activity Details Impact
Machines will operate , day and
Night
Generates heavy noise during night
times
Suspended solids runoff from
excavation sites and spoil heaps
Water containing high concentration
of suspended solids may be
discharged to water courses
Digging of earth will generate
debris
Dust Generation
Occupational Hazards in both
STP and Lifting Station
Health impacts due to absence of
housing and sanitation facilities in
labour camps.
Special care in the Sensitive area
like school, collage, hospital,
health centre GP Road has
MatriSadan and also School on
the Shibergoli junction and
AdarshaVidyalaya in Ward 6. It
also has number of Institutions
like the municipality, Library
crematorium.
There will be disruption to the
movement of vehicles and
pedestrian.
Renovation of
Pumping Station
Installation of mechanized
screenings equipment
Installation of grit removal
equipment
Replacement of pumps
Construction materials on site will
generate Dust from construction
materials
OPERATIONAL PHASE
STP Location and
Lifting Station
Treatment and Disposal Percolation of leachate into
groundwater which may contain
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Activity Details Impact
high concentrations of organics and
heavy metals. The leachate may
contaminate ground and surface
water unless it is contained by an
impermeable layer which allows it to
be collected for subsequent
treatment.
As the drain receives both sewage
and sullage, the drain sludge will be
high in pathogens
Bad odour , air pollution by dust ,
Noise pollution
Provide Buffer Zone in the STP
location.
Indiscriminate disposal of Sludge Contamination of soil and water
6.2 Stakeholder Feedback on Perceived Impact
Environmental and social impact was assessed through physical observation and
verification and through Focus group discussion. The purpose of the assessment was to
understand the environmental situation in the municipality and also understand the
probable environmental impacts due to the projects as conceived by stakeholders.
Since there is no land acquisition there is no significant social impact related to displacement
of population and related rehabilitation and resettlement. However social impacts is likely
to occur in respect to temporary disruptions in daily life , or impacting the livelihood of
people and sensitive areas where there is daily commuting of people specially children like
schools and disrupting the normal routine. Health impacts, disruption of daily life and
livelihood are the various aspects which were discussed during consultation with
stakeholders.
Social impact assessment was done through a two stage process of
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Identification of sensitive wards and locations through consultation with Ward
Councillors
Assessment of social and environmental conditions in the context of the project
through Focus group discussion with inhabitants or beneficiaries
6.2.1 Identification of sensitive locations
City Scenario:
Halisahar municipality which is a small town of around 8 sqkms has four major roads - Col.
K.P Gupta Road/ NC Bose road, BarendraGoli Main Road and H.P BhatterRaod -which
runs almost parallel and divides the town in parts. –The G.P Road runs along the Ganga and
meets each of the above roads in right angle. Between these major roads small roads, lanes
and by lanes of 6mt and 4 mt wide criss- crosses the entire town almost in a grid pattern.
These roads, which are one of the busiest roads in the town connecting each part of the town
is the backbone of the entire transport and communication of the town. The main transport
modes include Auto Rickshaws and some inter municipality Bus services which mainly
follow these four roads. Col K.P Gupta Road which connects the railway station with the
rest of the town does not have any alternative by road of similar nature and any disruption
in traffic in the road will lead to major traffic congestion in the entire town. There are two
major markets in the municipality. One is the Sarkar Bazar located at the T point of Col K.P
Gupta Road and Nirnajan Sarani /Barandra Goli main road at the boundary of Ward no 8
and 9 . Another market is in ward no 20 near Gate no 2.
Some other important Sensitive areas of the city as identified by the people are stretch from
Ramprasadghat to the Shibergoli on GP road where there is a school. In there are school in
all wards and thus the school surrounding areas are identified as sensitive areas
All sewerage component points like STP, Lifting Station, Markets, Major Junctions, Schools
and hospitals were considered to be sensitive points.
6.2.2 Assessment of environmental and social impact by stakeholders
Focus group discussion and stakeholders’ consultation were performed in selective wards
keeping in mind the sensitive areas, presence of existing structures under GAP and presence
of proposed sites under the present Project (Refer to Annexure 2 for FGD Pointers and
Glimpses of FGD and HH Survey in Annexure 3). The objective of the FGDs has been
understand the state of environment in the municipality, the level of awareness among the
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common people regarding Ganga river water pollution, their awareness about proposed
project , its importance and need for such projects in the municipality. There was also
detailed discussion on the social and environmental impacts due of the project both during
construction and post construction phase. People were also asked to respond to the
mitigation measures that can be taken for reducing the impacts and how awareness among
the people can be improved for the same.
Findings of the Consultation
FGD / Meeting with MUNICIPALITY STAFF AND COUNCILORS
The Focus group discussion with councilors and municipal staff was held on 3.5.13 and
23.5.13 at Municipality meeting hall. Total number of participants was 10 and 12
respectively.
The objective of the meeting was to understand the following –
Nature of pollution in the town
The main points of Ganga river pollution
Importance and need for STP project in the town
Consequences resulting in construction and operation of the STO project
Mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce and altogether stop such
consequences
Level of awareness among the community
Means for raising the awareness level of the community
Responsible person for communication and public awareness.
The councillors were well aware of the pollution levels in River Ganga and was of the
opinion that more than anything else, it is the industries like the Jute mill which is the main
source of pollution.
They identified that those points where the entire sewer and storm water falls into the
Ganga i.e. the outfalls or nallahs which are the main points of pollution. The identified
points are –
1. SuriparaNalah
2. KhasbatiNalah
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3. KalikatalaNalah
4. BagherKhal
Over the years the pollution in the Ganga has increased due to increased use of plastics.
Open defecation is still in practice and continues to pollute the river. As a result in the
decade the Ganga water appears to be dirtier. The colour is murky and oil is seen floating on
the surface. Thus all the participants readily agreed on the need and importance of the City
sanitation project being launched.
Connecting every household to the sewerage network is needed and people will be
interested and willing as this would reduce their recurring cost on septic in having so but
certain issues to be addressed.
Since the major portion of roads network in the town is of 4mts, connecting each hh with the
network will be a daunting task and would involve great deal of digging of roads and earth
causing blockage of roads. Therefore in the absence of proper planning and systematic
implementation it will cause great inconveniences to the people. They are sceptical that if the
project is not completed in time, the people may go against it.
Another important issue raised by the councillors is that after the digging of roads, on time
repair and restoration of roads needs to be taken up at the earliest and such responsibility
should lie with the implementing agency.
The K. P. Gupta Road and the GP road main transport corridors and also does not have a
feasible diversion road. Hence traffic congestion in these roads due to work along road side
would halt the entire traffic. Hence some measures should be taken to minimise the effects.
Trenchless technology can be an option in this case
According to the councillors the people are not aware of the city sanitation project and the
STP and sewerage network system under the GAP. This serious gap in awareness needs to
be mitigated. The means of awareness generation or communication as is the opinion of the
councillors should be
Miking
Door to door leaflet distribution and
Awareness camps
The above mentioned public outreach programme can be taken up by
Ward Committee
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CDS members
SHGs and local clubs
So far the consequences of the construction of STP and laying of sewer lines the councillors
pointed out the following –
Accumulation of soil heaps on roadside
Generation of dust from the soil heaps.
Formation of water pools in the STP site
Runoff of silt and sullage from the construction site
Odour during operation phase of the STP where all the polluted solid waste and all
waste water of the town will be collected for purification.
Traffic inconveniences like traffic jams, slow movement , increased travel time due to
diversion of pedestrian and vehicle movement specially in Sarkar Bazar Area on K. P
Gupta Road
Some of the mitigation measures suggested by the councillors include –
Covering of soil heaps
Water sprinkling in the construction site
Scheduling of work in such a manner that pressure does not fall on important roads
at the same time.
Work schedule to be given beforehand in order to reduce inconveniences.
Coordination between the Implementing agency, contractor and the Municipality
needs to be maintained regarding work plan, progress etc.
FGD-s with RESIDENTS OF THE TOWN IN ALL SENSITIVE LOCATIONS
Focus group discussion with the residents was held on several places (lifting station
locations, STP location, market places, school, health centres, and station) on 04.06.13, 5.06.13
and 29.06.13, 06.12.13). The participants were local residents, daily commuters and shop
keepers.
In order to understand how people understand the city sanitation plan and thereafter their
awareness on the present project a number of questions were put up regarding the
following-
Nature of pollution in the town
The main points of Ganga river pollution
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Sanitation practices
Willingness to connect their HH to the sewerage network proposed project
Knowledge about the proposed project
Importance and need for STP project in the town
Consequences resulting in construction and operation of the STO project
Mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce and altogether stop such
consequences
Level of awareness among the community
Means for raising the awareness level of the community
Responsible person for communication and public awareness.
Almost everybody among the respondents said that Ganga River pollution has increased
manifold in recent years. They can see a visible change in the colour of water which is now
greyish and sometimes odour comes from near the nallahs. They however appreciated the
efforts made by the municipality like Door to Door solid waste collection and electric
crematorium which are right steps in reducing pollution in the city.
The reasons for river water pollution according to the people are-
Entire sewerage and drainage water falls into the river
Industrial waste water discharged into the river
Open defecation still continues specially in slums which finally discharges into the
river
Drains are polluted by waste disposals , siltation and sullage
People were more than willing to have their houses connected to sewer network. The overall
feedback was positive and encouraging as people mostly agreed that Ganga river pollution
needs to mitigate.
Regarding the proposed project 50% of them were vaguely aware that such a project has
been taken up. “All drainage water will be collected in one place and will be refined before
discharging in the River.” However they had no idea regarding the environmental and
social impacts that the implementation of the project can create.
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But they also said that it has actually started long ago and the entire infrastructure under the
said project is lying non-functional. In ward no 20, where there is existing Lifting station,
people said that there has been instances of theft of and anti-social activities in the LS
compound.
Local youths in Mishri Pukur area where the STP plant is to be located said that they know
about the project, “dirty water will be treated”. They expressed their apprehension that the
ground where the STP is to be located is their playing ground and that is taken they will
have no such ground in the locality.
Shopkeepers in the Sarkar Bazar area said that “traffic inconvenience will occur but for
development of the town, they will bear the temporary problem”
Shopkeepers in front of Alakananda Water Tank, site for Lifting station said that “…since
the construction work will be done within the water tank compound, dust and runoff, will
not cause any major problem. However when the networks will be laid down cutting the
roads it may cause major traffic jams on Col K.P Gupta Road”
People coming into the bank located below the overhead water tank said that ….”Proper
fencing around the site and alternative drainage channels should be made so that dust and
waste water from the construction does not affect the main access to the bank”.
Some of them were also apprehensive and said“…..will the water in the water tank be safe
after the Lifting station is constructed beside it?”
Auto drivers in the Station area said that …”it will cause temporary inconvenience but they
can make use of the alternative roads wherever possible. However there will be problem for
buses since they ply the main arterial road and there is no alternative bus route “.
Senior School children of AdarshaVidyapith School mentioned that …” traffic disruption
will not be major but care should be taken so that noise pollution does not affect studies “
In general all the groups mentioned that there will be no impact on flora and fauna. Actually
residents of Misripukur area mentioned the menace caused by jackals and expected this
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project to handle it. They also mentioned that there will not be loss of livelihood since
locations for sewerage components are in open grounds. Inspite of all apprehension most of
the residents expressed the opinion that there is need for this project and are more than
willing to have their house sanitation facility connected to the sewerage network.
The key identified social issues emerging from the FGD-s have been tabulated as follows:
Table 6.2: Environment and Social Impact Assessment
Ward
no Place of consultation
No of
Participants
Nature of
Participants
Key identified
Positive and
negative feedbacks
8 Trenching ground Proposed
Lifting Station
5 Local residents
and
shopkeepers
NiranjanSarani
leading to the
trenching ground
from the Sarkar
Bazar will not cause
major problem.
However there can
be air and water
pollution
8 Sarkar Bazar 10 Shopkeepers
and daily
commuters
As one of the most
important road
junctions and serving
three to four wards,
construction will
cause Traffic
inconvenience with
congestion and
increased travel time.
It will also lead to
reduced access to
residences and
businesses.
Dust generation and
garbage of debris on
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Ward
no Place of consultation
No of
Participants
Nature of
Participants
Key identified
Positive and
negative feedbacks
site road during
construction
8 Col KP Gupta Road 12 Mixed
profession
group
A main arterial road
of the town. There is
very limited
alternative traffic
diversion and hence
laying of
underground sewer
network will lead to
inconvenience of
movement of traffic
and access to
residences.
8/9 Existing Lifting Station Site
Dr N.C Bose Road
10 Local residents Traffic inconvenience
and reduced access to
the by lanes
Noise pollution
12 Proposed STP site
Mishtipukur Road
10 Local residents Road narrowing,
dust generation
causing
inconvenience to the
residents.
Noise and odour
nuisance to people
residing in the
opposite side of the
road
14 Proposed Lifting Station 15 Daily Since it is located
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Ward
no Place of consultation
No of
Participants
Nature of
Participants
Key identified
Positive and
negative feedbacks
Alakananda Water tank commuters,
Shopkeepers
and local
residents
beside the water tank
people were
apprehensive
whether it would
lead to contamination
of land and soil
through leaching
Noise and Air
Pollution during
construction
15 Station Road 15 Daily
commuters
Auto drivers
Reduced access to the
railway station
Some traffic
disruption
18 Proposed Lifting Station
ESR site on Napit road
5 Mixed Group
with
predomination
of youth
There will be no
major inconvenience
as the site is within a
walled area and it is
away from the
residential location.
There may be soil
and water
contamination
coupled with air
pollution
20 Existing Lifting Station
Market near Gate no2
15 Mixed group Dust generation and
reduced access
22/23 Maniktala Road 5 Access to residences
due to narrow roads
connecting the
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Ward
no Place of consultation
No of
Participants
Nature of
Participants
Key identified
Positive and
negative feedbacks
main road will be
reduced
resulting in traffic
congestions.
8 HalisaharAdarshaVidyapith 5 Senior School
Students
School is located on
Col K P Gupta Road
Since there is very
limited scope for
traffic diversion it
will cause serious
traffic jam
Noise pollution
during construction.
6 Halisahar Municipality
Maternity Home
8 General public Located beside the
Municipality , the
medical facility will
face problems in
terms of
transportation of
patients , visits by
patient party and
handling
emergencies
Source Public Consultation
Apart from the identification of the sensitive areas the consultation also revealed that under
earlier phases of GAP implementation the structures which were created have not been
functional and several issues like theft and anti-social activities have been witnessed. The
people thus opined that the project needs to be implemented in time so that these kind of
issues are not in place.
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People in general were aware of pollution due septic tanks and sewer disposal. But it does
not go much beyond the fact that due to industrial waste, garbage dumping, open defecation
and dirty untreated water the River Ganga is polluted.
The extent of Pollution in the city, the groundwater contamination and pollution of Ponds
and streams are not clear to the people. At the same time the idea about the project is very
vague. Young people who live near the existing structures are aware that some project had
been undertaken to treat the dirty water but has no idea about what the mechanism is and
what components are covered.
The filthy views of open drains, bad odours, flies, mosquitoes, pathogens right in the heart
of the town makes people realise the dangers and health hazards.
People were of the opinion that the pollution levels of industrial effluents if passed
unchecked by over sight of WBPCB or any other reason may cause greater damage than
domestic wastes to the river along the town and downstream. The industrial effluents
contain toxic chemicals in much dangerous quantities, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury
etc. This is causing disease to human and animals besides odour nuisance, killing aquatic
life, polluting groundwater; introducing toxicity to the agricultural products.
There is fear of contamination of sewer water mixing with ground water for drinking as
proposed lifting stations are located beside Water tank.
Plastics are hazard to seabirds, fish, and other marine creatures, can strangle or choke fish.
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CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL
MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT
PLAN
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7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND
MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environment Management Action Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable
development of the proposed Sewerage System in Halisahar Network & STP, West
Bengal. The Network & STP will cater the sewage generated from Halisahar town.
The project components include:
Laying of sewer network of 226.994km
Total number of lifting station in Halisahar six (6).
Rising main of 0.61 km
Laying a comprehensive sewer upto house property line.
Total 226.994 km sewer line including house connections (diameter varies
from 150 to 900 mm) are proposed.
Two lifting stations with augmentations (additional deeper sump) and three
new lifting stations and also three underground LS.
Augmentation of two existing MPS with increasing pump capacity and
providing additional deeper sump within the existing campus.
10 Sewage Pumping Station at LS-1 Manicktala Road, LS-2 SashthiTala Lane,
LS-3 Zamindar Road bye lane 7, LS-4 NiranjanSamajpatiSarani, LS-5
K.P.Gupta Bye Lane, MPS-1 Bhaganpara Road, UGLS4 of LS-4 Kabiraj Para,
UGLS5 of LS-5 K.P.Gupta Bye Lane, UGLS of MPS-2 Das Para Road, MPS-2
MisriPukur Main Road.
One STP proposed.
Effluent disposal line up to the nearby Kona Khal.
It may be noted that like any construction project, NGRBA investment may
have adverse impact that have to be effectively managed during the planning,
design, construction and operational phase.
Project specific EMP is given in table 7.1.
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In general, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) is responsible for ensuring that the mitigation measures as suggested in the EMP are carried out.
In general, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA)is accountable for
ensuring that the mitigation measures as suggested in the EMP are carried out.
7.2 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator
The activities to be performed by the Operator to implement the EMP shall comprise
the following:
Obtain consent to establish from West Bengal State Pollution Control Board
Chief Engr. (GAP)
Project supervision and implementation team consisting of:- a)material monitoring
b) design monitoring c)alignment finalization & quality control monitoring and d)
environment & social expert.
social experts.
KMDA
Project Manager (DBO Operator)
Environmental Officer (DBO Operator)
WBPCB Supt. Engr. (GAP)
Exe. Engr. (GAP)
Team Leader along with support of Supervision team
DBO Operator
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under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 for the STP
Implementation of other mitigation measures, as recommended in EMP attached
to the bid document.
7.3 Implementation of EMP
The DBO Operator shall have prime responsibility to implement the EMP. “The
DBO engineer” shall monitor the compliance of the EMP. DBO engineer and Kolkata
Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) will have secondary responsibility
for implementation of EMP.
The Operator shall ensure that:
Ensure that sewer laying process does not create hazardous movement
situation. Also ensure that public is pre-warned about the activities,
construction area is barricaded, all debris is well managed causing minimum
inconvenience to public and other measures are implemented as indicated
under EMP
That influent sewage shall continue to receive the current level of treatment
during the construction period of new STP. No untreated sewage shall be
discharged into the river or land during construction and operation period of
STP.
The digested sludge shall be utilised as manure or disposed to suitable site as
per criteria defined under EMP and approved by DBO engineer.
STP design shall be evolved with enough holding capacity to ensure that no
untreated sewage is discharged to river during STP breakdown or temporary
closure.
Specific area shall be earmarked for intermittent storage of biodegradable and
non-biodegradable waste.
Tree plantation (minimum two row) shall be made on the periphery of the SPS
& STP to prevent spread of bad odour and undertake landscaping to enhance
aesthetic at SPS locations & STP location.
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Table 7-1: Environment Management Plan
Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
A. Design and Development Phase
Sewage Treatment plant
Treated water disposal into nearby stream
Pollution of received water body ( river) or land due to inefficient treatment or non-operation of STP
Temporary The treated water quality shall comply with the prescribed standards of the bid document and other applicable conditions of consent to establish issued by the state pollution control board.
Selection of best available sewage treatment technology with High BOD removal efficiency.
Ensuring development and compliance to standard operation and maintenance practices.
Provision of effective screening at inlet of STP for removal of grit, fine plastics and other suspended solids
Provision of effective separation and controlled disposal of digested sludge
Provision effective disinfection before discharge of treated water for irrigation or to river
DBO Operator
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
STP Breakdown
Discharge of untreated sewage leading river pollution.
Temporary Provision of adequate holding capacity adequate for storage of sewage to prevent flow of untreated sewage to river.
DBO Operator
Flooding due to rain water run off
Rain water may flood the STP area in absence of adequate provision of diverting rain water flow towards STP from periphery area.
Temporary Suitable drainage provision shall be made to divert the rain water likely to be accumulated from peripheral catchment area of STP, to natural drainage stream or area.
DBO Operator
Sludge disposal
Disposal of sludge leading to contamination of land and water.
Permanent Efficient Sludge dewatering with minimum land involvement shall be adopted.
Provision shall be made for intermittent storage of digested sludge at STP site.
The digested sludge shall be utilised as manure or disposed to suitable site as approved by DBO engineer. If disposal is made for land fill, the site shall be located away from habitation, and water bodies and shall be pre-approved by concerned authorities like Municipal corporation, Pollution Control Board or urban development authority.
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
Provision for safety of workers and safe operation of STPs
Accidents leading to injury or death of workers ( Fall of workers from Height, Fall into deep water tanks, Short Circuiting)
Accidental slip, trip and fall in walk ways or work areas
Fire
Exposure to toxic gas such as chlorine
Permanent Ensure adequate provision of Handrails on both sides of walkways close to deeper tanks and STPs need to be ensured;
All electric switches ( including unit specific on-off switches installed at respective units ) and panels should have adequate protection from rain water to prevent short circuiting
Proper earthling with installation of earth circuit breakers shall be made
Walk ways designs shall be made with proper slope to avoid accumulation of rain water. Material handling and storage shall be so designed that walk way surface remains free from wet or oil surface situation to prevent slips, trip or fall accidents.
Provision of interlock system to either stop STP or divert untreated effluent to holding tanks in case of short circuiting, or mall functioning of STP
Prepare emergency preparedness plan including identification of
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
assembly area in case of fire
Sewerage Network ( Trunk Sewer Line)
Accidental leakages/ bursts
Due to accidental burst or leakage of sewers, flooding of the nearby areas
Backlogging due to unexpected heavy flow rates
Temporary Designing sewers with adequate capacity and flow velocity
Provision for Regular inspection and maintenance of the sewers Preparation of safety and Emergency Preparedness plan
DBO Operator
Sewage Pumping Station
Location of Sewage Pumping Station and Pumping of sewage from MPS 2 to STP
Noise and odour nuisance hazards to neighboring areas.
Cutting of Trees
Permanent
Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station in SPS by use of less noise generating equipment meeting prescribed noise standards as applicable and enclosed generators.
Minimize Tree cutting if involved.
Tree plantation of at least two rows around the periphery of SPS site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour by planting locally available as well as large canopy/ broad leaves trees like Neem (Azadirachta indica), Banyan(Ficus benghalensis), Krishnachura (Caesalpiniapul cherrima), Radhachura (Delonixregia), Sesum etc. Fruit trees like Mango, Banana,
DBO Operator
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
and Coconut are found in within the urban area.
Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared at short intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.
Provision for regular maintenance and switching off equipment when not in use;
B. Construction phase
Sewage treatment plant
Excavation Loss of topsoil due to excavation activities.
Temporary The existing STP shall not be demolished till alternate arrangement for treatment of existing sewage is made to ensure that untreated sewage is not discharged to river.
Excavation shall be planned in such a
manner that such that no damage
occurs to existing structures.
Top soil should be separately stockpiled and utilized for green belt development or landscaping after completion of work
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
Construction waste Temporary All the associated construction waste should be properly managed by storing and disposing off at suitable refusal sites approved by DBO engineer.
DBO Operator
Nuisance due to domestic solid waste disposal
Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.
Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste are collected in segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be disposed to designated land fill area of the city.
Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction sites.
DBO Operator
Dust Generation due to construction activities
Temporary Excavated material transported by trucks will be covered and/or wetted to prevent dust nuisance.
Suppressing dust generation by spraying water on stockpiles and unpaved movement areas
Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas and stockpiles.
Transportation of loose construction material through covered trucks.
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area for containing dust spread.
Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and carry Pollution Under Control certificate.
Temporary flooding due to uneven dumping of construction waste
Temporary The construction waste material should be stored on the higher areas of the site and or areas where water may accumulate creating flooding like situation
DBO Operator
Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small spills collection pit.
DBO Operator
Noise and vibration disturbances to residents and businesses
Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior intimation to local residents and shop keepers.
Use of low noise and vibrating equipment (such as enclosed generators with mufflers, instruments with built in vibration dampening and improved exhaust),
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
to meet standards as prescribed by CPCB4.
Provision of protective equipment ( PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for construction workers. .
Provision of noise barriers as feasible in inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.
DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.
Construction camps
Sanitation Nuisance due to absence of facility of sanitation and solid waste management
Temporary Labour camp if provided, must have adequate provision of shelter, water supply, sanitation and solid waste management
DBO Operator
General: safety during construction
Safety and Health Hazard
Safety hazards to labours and public. Workers are seen to working without any PPE even at height.
Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India
Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company and ambulance services nearby to the site.
Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised and adequately instructed.
Follow safe practices for working at height or confined area or
DBO Operator
4http://moef.gov.in/citizen/specinfo/noise.html
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
underground working for safety of workers
Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent dangers.
Provide adequate PPE to workers such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers
Provide handrails on both sides of walkways close to deeper tanks and STPs need to be ensured;
Smaller on and off switches at STP units to be installed with protection from rain water to minimize electrical short circuit;
Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.
Sewerage and Sewage Pumping station
Excavation, cutting, back filling, compaction and
Damage to underground utilities like water, gas line, electricity and telephone conduits, etc. due to construction
Temporary Identify existing underground other utility structures, lines through available records and in consultation with concerned authorities and plan construction
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
construction operations
activities. activities accordingly to minimize damage to such utilities. These underground utilities encountered in excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and protected from damage or interruption of service until backfill is complete and settlement has taken place
Accidents/ damages due to erosion/ sliding of vertical sides of excavated trenches while places the pipes
Temporary Maintaining the excavation by Shoring trench sides by placing sheeting, timber shores, trench jacks, bracing, piles, or other materials
Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized. Exposed surface will be resurfaced and stabilized by making the sloping sides of trench to the angle of repose at which the soil will remain safely at rest.
DBO Operator
Generation of substantial debris, top soil and muck during construction
Temporary Top soil shall be preserved and may be used for agricultural purpose or development of city parks.
Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and landscaping;
Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas after placing the trunk sewer lines.
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
Dust Generation ( Air Pollution) due to excavation, cutting, back filling and compaction operations
Temporary Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas and stockpiles.
Transportation of loose construction material through covered trucks.
Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area for containing dust spread at SPS building construction site.
Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and carry Pollution Under Control certificate.
DBO Operator
Noise and vibration disturbances to residents and businesses
Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior intimation to local residents and shop keepers.
Construction work near schools and colleges to be carried out during vacations and work near hospitals to be completed on priority basis (in shorter time period with alternate provision of traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.). Special care to be taken in sensitive areas like school, collage, hospital, health centre GP Road has Matri Sadan and also School on the Shibergoli junction and AdarshaVidyalaya in
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
Ward 6. It also has number of Institutions like the municipality, Library crematorium.
Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting prescribed noise standards.
Provision of protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for construction workers. .
Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.
DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.
Temporary flooding due to excavation during monsoons or blockage of surface drains
Temporary Stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms;
Stockpiles to be done in high areas to avoid flow in storm water run-off channels and erosion;
DBO Operator
Increased traffic inconvenience (emissions, congestions, longer travel times, blockage of access)
Temporary Alternate traffic routing must be adopted in consultation with concerned traffic police authorities. Proper traffic planning be made for narrow lane areas.
Work should to be completed on priority near business and market
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
place to minimize business loss.
Care should be taken to minimize congestion and negative impacts at schools and hospitals. Safe access shall be maintained to these places during construction.
Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be required to facilitate normal life and business
Settlement of backfilled area after construction
Temporary The backfilling material shall be free from petroleum products, slag, cinders, ash or other material.
Backfilling activity shall be completed within five days of laying of sewer.
Proper compaction as per the soil condition and retain the original level of alignment and grade.
DBO Operator
Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small spills collection pit.
DBO Operator
Nuisance due to solid waste disposal
Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.
Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste is collected in
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be disposed for designated land fill area of the city.
Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction sites.
General: safety during construction
Accidents Safety hazards to labours and public
Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India
Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company and ambulance services nearby to the site.
Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised and adequately instructed.
Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent dangers.
Provide adequate safety precautions such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Monthly reporting of all accidents
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.
C. Operation phase
Sewage treatment plant
Treatment and Disposal of Treated Water and Sludge
River, land or ground water pollution due to discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage due to inadequate or inefficient STP operations.
Temporary Monitor the treated sewage quality and ensure compliance with PCB standards for effluent disposal into surface water bodies, on land or for the agricultural use.
Follow standard operating procedures for operation and maintenance.
Undertake periodic audit as per these procedures.
Comply with all applicable condition of consent to operate
Quarterly monitoring of influent sewage, treated sewage, upstream and downstream point of treated sewage disposal point to river
DBO Operator
Problems arising due to bad odour, insects, polluted air,
Temporary Maintain the green belt as per provision of design to prevent spread of bad odour with large canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.
Accumulated sludge and solid
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
waste to be cleared within 24 hours and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.
Quarterly monitoring of Ambient Air Quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5, Sox and NOx, CO and Odour at three locations ( at STP site, minimum 500 m away from STP site in up-wind and down-wind direction of STP area.
Increase in Ambient Noise Level and discomfort to neighbouring people
Temporary Proper handling and regular maintenance of operating machines including pumps, generators, air diffusers, etc.
Quarterly Monitoring of Ambient Noise level to check compliance to standards.
Quarterly monitoring of ambient noise levels ( day and night) at same locations as of ambient air monitoring
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
Indiscriminate disposal of sludge leading to contamination of land and soil.
Temporary Prepares sludge disposal plan as per desire stage provisions and guidelines and adhere to the same.
Ensure proper functioning of STP for digestion of sludge and ensure adequate functioning of dewatering units for efficient functioning of system
DBO Operator
River, land or ground water pollution due to discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage due to inadequate or inefficient STP operations.
Temporary Ensure compliance with PCB standards for effluent disposal into surface water bodies, on land or for the agricultural use.
Follow standard operating procedures for operation and maintenance.
Undertake periodic audit as per these procedures.
Comply with all applicable condition of consent to operate
DBO Operator
General Safety
Workers exposure to hazardous materials/situations
Serious/health/ safety hazards
Temporary Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.
Follow safety measures and Emergency preparedness plan evolved at design stage
DBO Operator
Sewer line Leakage/ overflows
Water pollution and possibility of mixing
Temporary Regular monitoring of sewer line and manholes for visible leakages/
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Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern
Duration of impact
Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
with water supply line overflows.
Immediate repair shall be carried out to plug the leakages. Restore the sewer and other utility services if damaged due to leakages.
Sewage Pumping Station
Waste Handling
Bad odour, Health hazard and public nuisance
Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid waste to minimize odor nuisance
Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to disposal site as approved by DBO engineer.
DBO Operator
General Safety
Workers exposure to toxic gases in sewers and hazardous materials during sewer maintenance work
Serious/health/ safety hazards
The toxic gases are likely to contract communicable diseases from exposure to pathogens present in the sewage.
Temporary During cleaning/ maintenance operation, the sewer line will be adequately vented to ensure that no toxic or hazardous gases are present in the line.
Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.
Follow safety and Emergency Preparedness plan prepared at design stage Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.
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Table 7.3: Estimated Cost of ESMP
Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure
Cost included in the
DPR (Yes/no/not
clear)
Cost in Rupees
(or Details if
provided in DPR)
Remarks
Design and
Development
Provision for
accidental leakages /
bursts in SPS,STP
Proper drainage
arrangements to
prevent water
stagnation/ flooding
in SPS site area& STP
Yes (not specific but
included as a part of
associated
construction
activity)
DPR for Sewerage
system in Sewerage
Halisahar Town,
The proposed DPR
includes these
activities
Location of SPS,STP Appropriate siting,
and enclosing within
building to reduce
noise and odour
nuisance to
surrounding area
Yes DPR for Sewerage
system in Sewerage
Halisahar Town
The proposed
SPS,STP will be
indoor which will
prevent noise and
enclosed nature and
appropriate cleaning
and maintenance will
prevent odour
nuisance
Construction Excavation, Cutting
and filling operations
Review of existing
infrastructure, shoring
trenches,
reinstatement/
Yes DPR for Sewerage
system in Sewerage
Halisahar Town
The proposed DPR
includes these
activities
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Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure
Cost included in the
DPR (Yes/no/not
clear)
Cost in Rupees
(or Details if
provided in DPR)
Remarks
resurfacing
Damage public
utilities
Proper reviewing of
existing drawing s of
utilities, informing
concern authorities
and reinstatement of
public utilities
Yes DPR for Sewerage
system in Sewerage
Halisahar Town
The proposed DPR
includes these
activities
Dust generation Water sprinkling on excavated material to suppress dust and provision of top cover when transported through vehicles
No Rs 9,84,104/- According to DPR 227 Km stretch will be completed in 27 months. This means approximately 276.8 m will be covered per day. Labour Cost Rs 200/day Tanker Rs 400/- day Cost Rs 600/276.8 = Rs 2.167/- Cost for 227 KM = Rs 4,92,052/- for two times a day = Rs 984104/-
Top cover for dumper truck
No
Rs. 33,750/-
30 sq. mtr cost of covering 30*Rs 75 =
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Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure
Cost included in the
DPR (Yes/no/not
clear)
Cost in Rupees
(or Details if
provided in DPR)
Remarks
Rs 2250/- for 5 nos dumper = 5*2250 = Rs 11,250 cover to be changed atleast 3 times during construction. Cost = 3*11250=Rs 33750/-
Noise and vibrations Usage of sound barriers or sheets.
No
Rs. 17,79,500/-
One side barricading: No. of sheet required (276.8 mtr/3 mtr) * 2 = 184.5 , say 185 nos. So total number required 370. Cost of sheeting 370*1075=Rs 3,97,750/- (plain GI sheet cost Rs 1075 per sheet). Two sets barricading require 2*397,750/- =Rs 795500/-. Labour required for this work 6 nos @ 200/- = Rs 1200/- per day. Cost of labour = 1200*820= Rs 9,84,000/-. Total Cost = Rs 2*3,97,750/- + Rs
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Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure
Cost included in the
DPR (Yes/no/not
clear)
Cost in Rupees
(or Details if
provided in DPR)
Remarks
9,84,000/ = Rs 17,79,500/-
Temporary flooding or , water logging
Alternate traffic re-routing, Ensuring storage of excavated soil material on the higher lying areas Yes
Increased traffic inconvenience
Traffic re-routing Yes
Safety hazards to workers and residents
Putting fences or other barricades to demarcate the area
No Rs 68,000/- Cost of Fence /wire 100 kgs @Rs 600 per Kg = Rs 60,000/- . Labour required for this work 4 nos @ 200/- = Rs 800/- per day=8000 Total cost = Rs 68000
Health hazards and nuisance due to absence of facility for sanitation or solid waste management
Sanitation No Rs 13,62,646/- Cost of Septic Tank
for 200 users= Rs
1,50,000
Cost of twin soak pit
for 2 years = Rs
15000/-*2=Rs
30,000/-
Cost of 5 seater water
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Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure
Cost included in the
DPR (Yes/no/not
clear)
Cost in Rupees
(or Details if
provided in DPR)
Remarks
closet = Rs 1,60,650/-
(Ref: Establishment and
Management of
Community Sanitary
Complexes in Rural
Areas- A handbook.
Cost enhanced as it has
considered the cost in
May 2011)
No. of labour engaged
nearly 700-800 nos
Therefore, Cost of
sanitation =
4*3,40,650=Rs13,62,64
6/-
Creation of Water Supply
No Rs 450000/- Provision of tubewells @Rs150000 in app 3 locations where water supply is not available . Approval for tubewells will be acquired from the concerned authority
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Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure
Cost included in the
DPR (Yes/no/not
clear)
Cost in Rupees
(or Details if
provided in DPR)
Remarks
Dust bins No Rs. 200000/-
Construction Fly Nuisance at STP Application of insecticides
No Rs 100000/- Lumpsum Cost
Treatment of Disposal of Sludge
Ensure proper functioning of STP for digestion of sludge
No Rs. 165000/- Lumpsum Cost
Sludge Monitoring
Analysis of sludge and its neutralization
No
Rs. 165000/-
Lumpsum Cost
Tree Plantation & Landscaping
No Rs. 240000/- Lumpsum Cost
Training and Awareness generation
Among the workers of construction camp and operators of STP and Monitoring and Evaluation expert
No Rs. 100000/-
Lumpsum Cost
Monitoring Cost of Monitoring during Construction Phase ( 2 years )
Rs 12,30,000.00 @ Rs 6,15,000 per year ( Refer to Appendix 1)
Cost of Monitoring during Operation Phase ( 2 years)
Rs 9,60,000.00 @ Rs 4,80,000 per year ( Refer to Appendix 1)
Total Cost of Environment Management Rs 78,38,000/-
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7.7 Public Involvement and Disclosure
This involves two key objectives. The primary objective of the public consultation is to
gather information on public concerns about the project. The second objective is to disclose
or communicate the ESIA findings and proposed mitigation measures to determine the
degree of public acceptance. Public information collection and information disclosures
would be done through different systems as mentioned in the Governance and
Accountability Action Plan. Mandatory disclosure will be done through websites of SPMG,
NMCG and World Bank. Both information gathering and disclosure are to be focused on
project-affected people and beneficiaries from different age groups, genders, educational
backgrounds, and occupations, as well as other stakeholders from areas immediately
adjacent to the project sites and from other parts of the town. Multipurpose kiosks will be set
up in the Municipal area to handle public involvement and disclosure (Refer to GAAP
report given as a separate volume).
The issues and concerns raised at the public consultation program have been appropriately
addressed during the ESIA and mitigation planning. Specific mitigation measures have been
designed to avoid or minimize the adverse impacts of most concern to the public, with
specific implementing timetables and budgets.
7.8 Conclusion
The Objective of Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to ensure
environmentally sustainable development in NGRBA‟s endeavor of Mission Clean Ganga
by effective management of environmental and social issues. These social and
environmental issues or impacts have to be effectively managed during the planning,
design, construction and operational phases of NGRBA investments. With this in mind the
ESMF of Halisahar Municipality undertakes an in depth analysis of the impacts that can
occur during all the phases. As there have been no issues of Land acquisition the social
impacts has been minimized related to the temporary disruptions as result of the
construction of the Sewerage system particularly the networks. Halisahar being a small
town with unplanned growth and urbanization, settlements and roads creates an
unimaginable network which is detrimental to any development work. Thus the digging of
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earth will lead to reduced access to settlements and business. Road blockage, traffic
congestion will have some amount of impact on the livelihood of the people. However this
is not in measurable terms and a planned and systematic mitigation measure to handle the
situation will be able to reduce the impacts. Another social impact is the impact on health
due to air and noise pollution. The major interventions are –
Communication information dissemination and Reduced impact on health for
reduced pollution
Coordination with the traffic department for better traffic flow and have processe in
place
Removal of any potential obstacles that might prevent customers to access residences
and business etc.
Prevent accidental water/electricity supply disruptions
Ensuring prompt fixing/replacing of damaged infrastructure
The environmental impacts were identified during the construction and operation of the
sewerage system. These impacts will be more localised related to air, noise pollution and
water pollution in the excavation sites. The impacts are –
Temporary change in Air quality
Noise generated from different stages of the construction works.
Contamination of water from suspended solid run offs and waste water from the
project sites.
Traffic disruption
An effective management framework has been drawn for mitigation of the social and
environmental impacts with proper implementation and monitoring plan of action. The
mitigation measures cover waste water management practices, creation of green belt to
traffic diversion and adopting trenchless technology. The responsible agency at all levels for
each of the mitigation measures have been well defined in the management framework.
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ANNEXURES
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Appendix 1 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring
Cost of environmental monitoring would be broken under two phases – the construction
phase and the Operational phase. In the construction phase monitoring will be carried out
for a period of 2 years while in the operational phase it will be carried out for 5 years.
Table 7.5 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Construction Phase (2 Years)
S. No. Monitoring Parameter No. of
Stations/ Samplers
Frequency (Yearly)
Unit Cost Cost
(INR)
1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
As per NAAQS, 2009 4 2 9,000.00 72,000.00
2 Ambient Noise Level Monitoring
Noise level monitoring ( During Day & Night Time) As per CPCB standards
4 2 4,000.00 32,000.00
3 Noise Monitoring (D.G sets)
As per CPCB standards
Depending on number of DG sets used (lump sum)
2 5,500.00 11,000.00
4 Drinking/ Ground Water Quality
As per IS: 10500 4 4 10,000.00 1,60,000.00
5 Surface water Monitoring
As per IS 2296 8 4 10,000.00 3,20,000.00
6 Soil Monitoring Essential parameters 1 2 10,000.00 20,000.00
Total 6,15,000.00
a) Annual environment monitoring cost during construction phase is Rs 6,00,000.00.
Therefore for two years of construction period, the environment monitoring cost is
Rs. 12,30, 000.00 (Rupees Twelve Lacs thirty thousand only).
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Table 7.6: Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Operational Phase (5 Years)
S. No.
Monitoring Parameter No. of Stations/
Samplers Frequency
(Yearly) Unit Cost
Cost (INR)
1 Drinking/ Ground Water Quality
As per IS: 10500
4 4 10,000.00 1,60,000.00
2 Surface water Monitoring
As per IS 2296
8 4 10,000.00 3,20,000.00
Total 4,80,000.00
Annual environment monitoring cost during operational phase is Rs 4,80,000.00. Therefore
for two years of operation period, the environment monitoring cost is Rs. 9,60,000.00
(Rupees Nine Lacs sixty Thousand only).
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ANNEXURE – 1: Households Questionnaire
Environmental and Social Management Framework under NGRBA for Halisahar Municipality
Household questionnaire
1. Name:
2. Sex: 1. Male 2. Female
3. Ward:
4. What is the source of drinking water? 1 Piped Water 2 Tubewell 3. Well 4. River 5.
Others
5. Do you think that the quality of water is good? 1. Yes 2. No
6. Do you have pucca toilet at home? 1. Yes 2. No
7. If no, do you want to construct pucca toilet at home? 1 Yes 2 No
8. Do you think river Ganga is polluted? 1. Yes 2. No
9. What is the source of pollution? 1. Household waste through drains 2. Garbage dump 3
Industrial waste 4 Others
10. Are you aware of the project that aims to clean Ganga? 1. Yes 2. No
11. What would be the direct benefits of the project? 1 Clean Ganga 2 Health Improvement 3
Improvement of service 4 Low pollution and Clean Environment 5 Other
12. Do you want to connect it to the sewerage line? 1. Yes 2. No
13. Are you willing to pay user charges to cover O and M costs? 1. Yes 2. No
14. What problems would you face during the construction and post construction phases?
Sl no
CONSEQUENCES (Pre)
MITIGATION ( Pre)
CONSEQUENCES (Post)
Mitigation( Post)
1 Traffic blockage Traffic blockage
2 Parking disruption Parking disruption
3 Dust Dust
4 Loss of tree Loss of tree
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Sl no
CONSEQUENCES (Pre)
MITIGATION ( Pre)
CONSEQUENCES (Post)
Mitigation( Post)
cover/rare species
of tree
cover/rare species
of tree
5 Noise Noise
6 Pollution of water
body
Pollution of water
body
7 Temporary
disruption of water
body
Temporary
disruption of water
body
8 Soil and water
contamination due
to indiscriminate
disposal of
construction and
demolition waste
Soil and water
contamination due
to indiscriminate
disposal of
construction and
demolition waste
9 Health Health
10 Livelihood Livelihood
15. From where did you come to know about it?
Leaflet
Poster
Cable TV
Radio
Local news paper
Ward Councillors or other representatives
Govt. dept staff
Municipal staff
Meetings 16. How could awareness on the project be generated?
Leaflet
Poster
Cable TV
Radio
Local news paper
Ward Councillors or other representatives
Govt. dept staff
Municipal staff
Meetings
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ANNEXURE - 2: Sample Survey Sheets
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ANNEXURE – 3: FGD Query Sheet
Environmental and Social Management Framework under NGRBA
Focus Group Discussion Date:
1. Location:-
2. Ward no:-
3. Mix of Group:-
4. What are the sources of Drinking water? Give opinion on The Quality of Water.
5. What are the sources of Ganga River Pollution in your Town?
6. Which are the key points of pollution of the River Ganga?
7. Is there any practice of open defecation in river in your town?
8. Why is such practice still prevalent?
9. Do you think that the Ganga River Should Be Cleaned?
10. If Yes, how? (probable Steps)
11. Are You Aware That Project Has Been Taken to Mitigate River Pollution In Your
Town?
12. Do you know the components of this project ?
13. How did you get to know about it?
14. Do you know how would you be benefitted from this Project?
15. Do you want to establish sewerage connections even for houses with septic tanks?
16. Are you willing to pay the user charge to cover O&M cost?
17. Do you Think That You Have Some Responsibility Regarding This Project?
18. Please indicate () The Probable Consequences of the Construction Involved In This
Project? (Temporary)
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Sl no CONSEQUENCES MITIGATION
1 Traffic blockage
2 Parking disruption
3 Dust
4 Loss of tree cover/rare species of tree
5 Noise
6 Pollution of water body
7 Temporary disruption of water body
8 Soil and water contamination due to indiscriminate disposal of construction and demolition waste
9 Health
10 Livelihood
19. Which areas will be most affected by Temporary Disruption?
20. Please indicate () the Probable consequences of the Project post Completion? And
what could be the solution?
Sl no ONSEQUENCES MITIGATION
1 Traffic blockage
2 Parking disruption
3 Dust generation
4 Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses
5 Loss of tree cover/rare species of tree
6 Noise
7 Odour
8 Pollution of water body
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9 Soil contamination
21. Are you aware of any Community Based Awareness program/Social Movement
organized for or against this Project
22. How can awareness about the program be raised? Give opinions
Leaflet
Poster
Cable TV
Radio
Local news paper
Ward Councillors or other representatives
Govt. deptt. staff
Municipal staff
Meetings
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ANNEXURE – 4: Glimpses of the FGD and Household survey
conducted in Sensitive Locations of Halisahar Municipality
Sarkarbazar, FGD Jamindar Lane, W-20, FGD
Galupara, W-20, FGD Sarkarbazar, FGD
HalisaharAdarshaVidyapith,FGD Sarkarbazar, FGD
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Zamindarlane, W-18, HH
Survey
Near Trenching Ground HH
Survey, W-8
Bagmore, W-2,HH Survey