1. DESTRUCTION OFCORAL REEFSITS CAUSES, EFFECTS ANDSOME SOLUTIONS 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2. underwater structures made from calcium carbonate(CaCO3) secreted by corals. colonies of tiny living animals found in marine waters thatcontain few nutrients. grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitatedwaters. rainforests of the sea form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth.WHAT ARE CORAL REEFS? 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3. THE CORAL REEFS SURFACE occupy less than 0.1% of the worlds ocean surface. estimated to cover 284,300 sq. km (109,800 sq. mi).Coral ReefsSoutheast Asia Indo-Pacific Region (including Red Sea, IndianPacific (including Ocean, SoutheastAustralia) Asia and Pacific) Rest of the WorldAtlantic andCaribbean 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4. Threat to the Reefs OverexploitationBy the 2030s, 90% of reefs are Coastal Development expectedto be at risk from both human activities andclimate change; by 2050, all coral reefs willInland Pollution andbe in danger. ErosionMarine PollutionWhen these threats are combined, 58percent of the worlds reefs are at risk(defined as medium and high risk). 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5. WORLDS TOP 5 LONGEST CORAL REEFS5) Florida Reef4) The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Length: 200 miles (322 km) Length: 585 miles (943 km) Location: Atlantic Ocean and Location: Atlantic Ocean nearGulf of Mexico near Florida Mexico, Belize, Guatemala andHonduras 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6. 3) New Caledonia 2) Red Sea Coral Reef 1) Great Barrier ReefBarrier ReefLength: 1,180 milesLength: 1,553 miles Length: 932 (1,900 km)(2,500 km) miles (1,500 Location: Red Sea Location: Coral Sea km)near Israel, Egypt andnear Australia Location:Djibouti Pacific Ocean near New Caledonia 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7. PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS 5 percent equivalent to justThe estimated reef area of thearound 1,000 square kilometersof Philippines ranges fromthe countrys total reef area remain in 19,000 to 27,000 squaregood condition in the face of the kilometers, depending on thewanton destruction of our coral reefs territorial boundaries andby poachers. depth ranges. -- Dr. Porfirio Alino, University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute (UP- MSI) 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8. TUBBATAHA REEF Philippiness largest coral reef located in the Sulu Sea, 98nautical miles (181 km) southeastof Puerto Princesa City in thePalawan Province. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9. IMPORTANCE OF THE REEFS 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10. IMPORTANCE Sustaining Tropical MarineEcosystems Primary Producers Tourism Coastal Protection Fisheries Medicinal Research Cultural Significance 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11. CORAL REEFS DESTRUCTION Solutions Effects Causes 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE REEF 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13. OZONE DEPLETION although corals have a natural coral reefs are highly sensitive tosunscreen to protect themselves increase in temperature and thenfrom the tropical sun, most cause coral bleaching.scientists believe that increased coral polyps, stressed bylevels of ultraviolet radiationheat, push out the algae that livedamage coral in shallow areas. in them. These algae, called zooxanthellae, normally provide the coral with up to 80% of its L E energy. It is also responsible for A the color of coral, so when they D are expelled, the coral appears S white or "bleached." T O OCEAN WARMING 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14. HIGH AMOUNT OF DISSOLVEDCARBON DIOXIDE IN WATER dissolves skeleton of corals. CO2 = weak formation of skeletonsWATER POLLUTION one of the leading causes of coralreef destruction. wastes = nitrogen = algae= sunlight 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15. SEDIMENTATION mining, logging and/or farming causes soilerosion. These soil particles go into thebodies of water and block the sunlight thatcoral reefs need to survive. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16. DESTRUCTIVE FISHING PRACTICES Muro-ami Fishing banging on the reefs with sticks destroy coral reef formation. Blast Fishing bombing the ocean water to stun the fishes for an easy catch which causes damage to coral reefs. Cyanide Fishing fishermen dive down the ocean and stun the fish using cyanide. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17. CORAL MININGCARELESS TOURISM when people mine for corals, they are wastes kept in poorly maintainedremoved from each other to be usedseptic tanks can have leaks intoas: surrounding ground water, seeping outto the reefs. Whenever peoplegrab, kick, walk on, on the reefs, theycontribute to coral reef destruction.Corals are harmed or even killedwhen people drop anchors on them.Careless boating, diving, snorkelingand fishing can also damage coralreefs. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18. EFFECTS OF DESTRUCTION 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19. END OF HABITATSCoral reefs cover only about 1% of the ocean floor, yet are home to about 25%of all marine life- approximately 35,000 to 60,000 different types of organisms. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20. DEMISE OF ECONOMYMany humans are dependent oncoral reefs for their livelihood. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21. LOSS OF NATURAL COASTAL PROTECTION They are a natural barrier of protection againstcurrents, strong waves, and storms. Without the reefs to slow the water before it reaches theshore, these areas are very vulnerable. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22. KILLING THE HOPE FOR CURECoral reefs are probable sources of medicines to cure the diseasesthat currently plague the earth. Chemicals found in the reefs havebeen used to treat ulcers, heart disease, leukemia, and more. Everytime a reef is destroyed, the chance of relieving the pain andsuffering of people all over the world is reduced. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 23. SAVING THE CORAL REEFS 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 24. PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENTS SOLUTION Banning of Cyanide fishing Banning of Blast fishing Banning of collecting and exporting corals 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 25. REPUBLIC ACT 8550(THE PHILIPPINES FISHERY CODE OF 1998) gathering harvestingof ordinary corals collectingeither in raw or transportingprocessed form in possessionany quantity, is saleprohibited exporting use of corals as: Section 5 materials in: Ordinary Coral buildings other man-made structures 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 26. Tubbataha Reef, El Nido, Palawan, PHSection 6 the Minister of Natural Resources may issue a Gratuitous Permit gratuitous permit to duly established andrecognized research and educational institutionsto gather in limited quantities any coral forscientific or educational purposes only.Section 7 the Minister of Natural Resources may issue a Special Permitspecial permit to only one person/corporation fora limited period to conduct experimentalcollection of precious and semi-precious corals. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 27. REPUBLIC ACT 8550(THE PHILIPPINES FISHERY CODE OF 1998) An Act Providing for the Development, Management, andConservation of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Integrating allLaws pertinent thereto, and for other purposes. Section 67.1 the safety and quality standards on aquatic organisms and fishery products for domestic consumption and international trade, consistent with international trade agreements. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 28. OTHER SOLUTIONS Build artificial reefs to replace the reefs that have been destroyed. Convince the people not to buy fish that have been caught by destroyingcoral reefs. Encourage governments to crack down on pollution, both into the oceanand into the air, which causes global warming. Encourage visitors to coral reefs to be careful not to harm them. Isolate the coral reefs so they can heal themselves. Study about coral reefs. Convince government to treat them with care. 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 29. SAVE THE EARTHS PRECIOUS RESOURCES Reduce Reduce waste by using less Reuse containers and productsRecycle Reuse Recycle old products to make new ones 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 30. CHE99/ B23 GIRON, AXLESUMAGUE, SHYRA GAIL CORDON, TOM ROSARIO, RAMIL 2012 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INTRAMUROS. gailshyra.tumblr.com | @gailshyra (twitter) | gailshyra@yahoo.com