DESIGNING BLOODHOUND SSC— The 1000mph Car*
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Transcript of DESIGNING BLOODHOUND SSC— The 1000mph Car*
DESIGNING BLOODHOUND SSC—The 1000mph Car*
IMA Mathematics 2011, 24th March 2011
Dr Ben Evans
College of EngineeringSwansea University
*supported by EPSRC Platform Grant EP/D074258;EPSRC Research Grant EP/F032617
OUTLINE
BLOODHOUND SSC Project
World Land Speed Record
Importance of aerodynamic design
Process of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Validation of the process and THRUST SSC
CFD applied to the design of BLOODHOUND SSC
Conclusions
THE BLOODHOUND SSC PROJECT
LAND SPEED RECORD
1898 Gaston Ch-Laubat France 39mph1904 Louis Rigolly France 103mph1927 Sir Henry Segrave UK 203mph1935 Sir Malcolm Campbell UK 301mph1964 Donald Campbell UK 403mph1964 Craig Breedlove USA 526mph1965 Craig Breedlove USA 600mph1983 Richard Noble UK 633mph1997 Andy Green UK 763mph (Mach 1.016)
BLOODHOUND SSC
1000 mph
SUBSONIC TO SUPERSONIC
M=0.0 M=1.0M=0.5 M=1.5
SUBSONIC TRANSONIC SUPERSONIC
HYPERSONIC
THRUST SSC
763 mph
THRUST2
633 mphBABS(at Pendine)
171 MPH
BLUEBIRD(at Pendine)
174 MPH
BLOODHOUND SSC: DESIGN CHALLENGES
propulsion
structural performance
control of the dynamic stability
confirmed braking system strategy
aerodynamics
ANALYSING AERODYNAMIC DESIGNS: WIND TUNNEL TESTING
ANALYSING ENGINEERING DESIGNS: COMPUTER SIMULATION
Simulation using computers
(a) mathematical model
(c) computer solution
(d) analysis of the results
Olek Zienkiewicz1921––2009
(b) approximation
aerodynamic modelling→computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
MATHEMATICAL MODEL: AIR FLOW Basic laws of physics: conservation of mass, momentum and energy
APPROXIMATION: 1D
uniform subdivision
non–uniform subdivision
the subdivision: meshcreating the subdivision: mesh generationsub–regions: elementsnodes:
approximation gets better as the element size decreases or as the number of nodes increases
APPROXIMATION: 2D
CFD PROCESS: 2D
define the region
mesh generation
analyse solution
actual wing
mathematical description of the aerofoil section
approximate equations and solve
AUTOMATIC MESH GENERATION: 2D REGION
CFD PROCESS: 3D
actual aircraft mathematical description of the aircraft surface
mesh generation
analyse solutiondefine the region
approximate equationsand solve
COMPUTER PERFORMANCE/COST
1990s: CRAY C90 supercomputerseveral million pounds 103MFlopsnational supercomputer centres
2010: PC cluster £130K 430 cpus 9x106MFlopsuniversity departments
CFD: FLITE3D
THRUST SSC PROJECT
THRUST SSC 1997
Ron Ayres
THRUST SSC: CFD VALIDATION
Mach
0.711.080.961.05
Experimen
t
CFD
μ=0 1 million elements 24 hours CRAY C90
CFD: VARIATION IN LIFT
ground surface
axis of vehicle
ground surface
axis of vehicle
THRUST SSC
World Land Speed Record 763 mph Black Rock Desert, Nevada
October 15th 1997
BLOODHOUND SSC: DESIGN EVOLUTION
project launch October 2008
current design
initial concept 2007
WHEEL DESIGN
Drag Profile for W1 and W2 Wheels
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
Mach Number
Dra
g/q W1 (single keel)
W2 (triple keel)
pressure coefficient on the surface
single keel triple keelsingle keel
Lift Profile for W1 and W2 Wheels
-0.35
-0.3
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50
Mach number
Lif
t/q W1 (single keel)
W2 (triple keel)
triple keel
ENGINE INTAKE DESIGN
CFD for the twin intake
CFD for the modified single intake design
total pressure at the engine face
FRONT WHEEL PLACEMENT
yaw angle = -2º
Original design Modified design
yaw angle = 5º
REAR SUPERSONIC LIFT
dark blue: low pressure → red: high pressure
Study parameters- delta leading edge sweep angle
- base area
- rear wheel track
- fairing spike length
- fairing spike height
- boat-tail angle
- body-delta angle
- ride height
- delta angle of attack
- delta strut camber
- rear shape
- diffuser
- suspension ‘blister’
- delta leading edge ‘crank’
- delta – body blend
- fairing radius
- fairing cone diameter
- delta AoA
PARAMETRIC OPTIMISATION
PARAMETRIC OPTIMISATION
dark blue: low pressure → red: high pressure
FULL VEHICLE
100 million elements
24 hours 128 AMD Opteron processors
CONFIGURATIONS ANALYSED
• Config evolution
ACCELERATING CAR
red: low pressure → purple: high pressure
CFD: FINAL DESIGN
CAR BUILD: AUTUMN 2010―CHRISTMAS 2011
RECORD ATTEMPT
Hakskeen Pan in the north eastern corner of South Africa
clay surface
10 miles of track & 1 mile overrun
very hard and very flat
good access & ideal weather
clearance of 9 square miles by300 workers in 128 days
RUN PROFILE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Dr Jason Jones, Professor Oubay Hassan, Dr Clare Wood, KM, Dr Ben EvansInset (left) Dr Lakhdar Remaki Inset (right) Professor Nigel Weatherill
Thank you for listening…