Designing and implementing a criticality-based duty-cycled ...
Transcript of Designing and implementing a criticality-based duty-cycled ...
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Designing and implementing a criticality-based duty-cycled MAC for low-latency mission-
critical surveillance applications!
!
Prof. Congduc Pham!http://www.univ-pau.fr/~cpham!
Université de Pau, France!!
E. Muhammad and C. Pham!!
ISCC 2014!24th June, Madeira, Portugal!
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Search&Rescue, security!
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Node’s cover set!
p
b c v1
v2
v3
v6
v5
v4
Co(V)= { {V }, {V1, V3, V4}, {V2, V3, V4}, {V3, V4, V5}, {V1, V4, V6}, {V2, V4, V6}, {V4, V5, V6} }
|Co(V)| = 7
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Fram
es /
seco
nd
# cover sets
A
B
Criticality model!
q r0 can vary in [0,1]!q BehaVior functions
(BV) defines the capture speed according to r0!
q r0 < 0.5!q Concave shape BV!
q r0 > 0.5!q Convex shape BV!
q We propose to use Bezier curves to model BV functions !
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Fram
es /
seco
nd
# cover sets
A
B
Criticality model!
q r0 can vary in [0,1]!q BehaVior functions
(BV) defines the capture speed according to r0!
q r0 < 0.5!q Concave shape BV!
q r0 > 0.5!q Convex shape BV!
q We propose to use Bezier curves to model BV functions !
Criticality level=0.8!
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Fram
es /
seco
nd
# cover sets
A
B
Criticality model!
q r0 can vary in [0,1]!q BehaVior functions
(BV) defines the capture speed according to r0!
q r0 < 0.5!q Concave shape BV!
q r0 > 0.5!q Convex shape BV!
q We propose to use Bezier curves to model BV functions !
0"
0.75"
1.24"
1.61"1.90"
2.14"2.33"
2.49"2.63" 2.75"
2.85"2.93"3"
0.00"
0.50"
1.00"
1.50"
2.00"
2.50"
3.00"
0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 11" 12"
fps$
Criticality level=0.8!
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Criticality-based scheduling!
n fps = 2.63 cs = 8
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 1.61 cs = 3
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 1.24 cs = 2
fps = 1.90 cs = 4
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps =1.24 cs = 2
fps = 1.24 cs = 2
fps = 2.14 cs = 5
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps : frames/second cs : # cover sets criticality level = 0.8
Sentry nodes have higher probability to detect events and to send alerts
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Duty-Cycling Issues!
q Sensor’s activity usually has duty-cycle behavior to save energy!
q Radio & MAC layer activities represent a large part of energy consumption!
Node A
Node B Alert
Sleep Time
MISSED ALERT!!
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Adaptive duty-cycled MAC protocol!
q Static duty-cycle MAC can not adapt to application’s needs nor to surveillance’s criticality!!
q Synchronized duty-cycle MAC approaches do not scale well!!
q Adaptive criticality-based MAC!q Adapts the active period of follower
nodes according to a sentry’s activity!
q Take into account # of cover-set to preserve coverage constraints!
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Info broadcast!
n fps = 2.63 cs = 8
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 1.61 cs = 3
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 1.24 cs = 2
fps = 1.90 cs = 4
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps =1.24 cs = 2
fps = 1.24 cs = 2
fps = 2.14 cs = 5
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps : frames/second cs : # cover sets criticality level = 0.8
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Follower-Sentry association!
!
n fps = 2.63 cs = 8
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 1.61 cs = 3
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 1.24 cs = 2
fps = 1.90 cs = 4
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps =1.24 cs = 2
fps = 1.24 cs = 2
fps = 2.14 cs = 5
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps : frames/second cs : # cover sets criticality level = 0.8
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Duty-cycle computation at follower nodes!
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Duty-cycle of followers!!
n fps = 2.63 cs = 8
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 1.61 cs = 3
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps = 1.24 cs = 2
fps = 1.90 cs = 4
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps =1.24 cs = 2
fps = 1.24 cs = 2
fps = 2.14 cs = 5
fps = 0.75 cs = 1
fps : frames/second cs : # cover sets criticality level = 0.8
d-c = 0.5
d-c = 0.33
d-c = 0.78
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Simulation study!
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48 0
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10 58
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Simulation study!
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10 58
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Comparison with a static duty-cycle approach
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Duty-cycle length!
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1"1" 5" 9" 13"
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25"
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Duty"Cycle"Ra
7o"
Number"of"Nodes"
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263 (24.57%)
189 (17.66%)
142 (13.27%)
91 (8.5%)
133 (12.42%)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Sta3c MAC 0.5
Sta3c MAC 0.6
Sta3c MAC 0.7
Sta3c MAC 0.8
Adap3ve MAC
Total num
ber o
f Alerts m
issed
Total Alerts Sent = 1070
# of missed alerts!
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Global energy consumption!
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Impact of cycle length!4.60%&
21.00%&
35.80%&
21.80%&
13.20%&
3.60%&
#&missed&
1&follower&
2&followers&
3&followers&
4&followers&
5&followers&T=5s
T=3s T=1s
T=500ms T=200ms
T=10s
Sentry node 10 All 5 neighbors are followers
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q Libelium Waspmote with Xbee module!
q Easy to completly power off the radio module!
q Sentry is emulated with a Linux machine!
Implementation!
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Sentry node 10 configuration!
Sentry node 10 All 5 neighbors are followers
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Experiments with sentry node 10 data trace!
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Experiments with sentry node 10 data trace!
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Experiments with sentry node 10 data trace!
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T=3s T=3s
Simulation Experimentation
Simulation & Experiment comparison!
q Cycle length is set to 3000ms!
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Conclusions!
q We proposed an adaptive criticality-based MAC protocol to provide duty-cycle support for mission-critical surveillance applications with image sensors!
!q We linked the node’s activity period to the
sentry’s activity, taking into account both application’s criticality and coverage constraints!
q Compared with a static duty-cycle approach, our protocol reduces the number of missed alerts and the energy consumption ( by 44%) while maintaining the same level of responsiveness!
!q We also validated our proposition with
implementation on WaspMote sensors!