Designing a Sanitary Solid Waste Landfill Site, a case …D) Project Designing a Sanitary Solid...

Designing a Sanitary Solid Waste Landfill Site,

a case study

Partnership between

Indore Municipal Corporation, Madhya Pradesh, India

With City of Garland, Texas, USA

Sept 2002-Sept 2004

Resource Cities Cooperative Agreement

LAG-A-00-99-00020-00 and

CityLinks Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement

GEW-A-00-03-0002

Prepared for

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade Office of Poverty Reduction, Urban Programs Team

and USAID/New Delhi

Prepared by

International City/County Management Association (ICMA)

INDO-US FIRE

(D) Project

Indore Municipal Corporation-City of Garland, Texas Partnership

Resource Cities Program 2

RC Program Team ICMA US :

1. Mr. Jon Bormet, Director Resource Cities/City Links 2. Ms. Corinne Rothblum, Partnership Manager

ICMA India

1. Ms. Manvita Baradi, Director ICMA India Programs 2. Ms. Meghna Malhotra, Program Manager

USAID India

1. Mr. N. Bhattacharjee, Program Manager, EGAT/India 2. Ms. Renu Sehgal, Program Assistant, EGAT/India

Partnership Teams

First exchange: November 29-December 8, 2002, Indore, India 1. Mr. Jeff Muzzy, City Manager 2. Ms. Marsha Meeks, Assistant City Manager 3. Mr. Pat Fowler, Director of Community Services

Second exchange: March 15-23 2003, Garland, Texas

1. Mr. Kailash Chandra Vijayavargiya, Mayor 2. Mr. Jagdish Dagaonkar, City Engineer 3. Mr. Nitesh Vyas, Municipal Commissioner 4. Mr. Madhu Verma, Mayor in Council Member* 5. Mr. Samir Chitnis, Mayor in Council Member* 6. Mr. Chetan Vaidya, INDO-US FIRE Project**

*Funded by the Indore Municipal Corporation and Indo US- FIRE (D) Project **Funded by the INDO-US FIRE project Third exchange: February 9-13, 2004, Indore, India Participants:

1. Mr. Jeff Muzzy, former City Manager of Garland 2. Mr. Lonnie Banks, Manager of the City of Garland Landfill 3. Mr. Skip Bambard, Director of Solid Waste and Recycling Service for the City of Garland

Fourth and fifth Exchange: May 24-28, Garland, Texas (two visits from Indore to Garland were combined)

1. Mr. C.B. Singh, Municipal Commissioner 2. Mr. Lalit Porwal, Mayor in Council Member, Revenue Department, 3. Mr. Ramesh Mandola, Mayor in Council Member, Health Department, IMC 4. Dr. A.K. Puranik, Chief Public Health Officer 5. Mr. Anoop Goyal, Executive Engineer, IMC.

Sixth Exchange: July 19-23, Indore, India

1. Mr. Skip Bambard, Solid Waste Expert 2. Mr. Adrian Lall, Electrical Engineer, City of Garland.

Seventh Exchange: September 2004

1. Ms. Marsha Meeks, Assistant City Manager 2. Mr. Skip Bambard, Solid Waste Expert 3. Mr. Adrian Lall, Electrical Engineer



SPECIAL THANKS GO TO:

1. Mr. Akash Tripathi, Municipal Commissioner, IMC 2. Mr. Narendra Surana, City Engineer, IMC 3. Mr. Sunil Garg, Accounts Department, IMC 4. Mr. P.U. Asnani, Member Supreme Court Committee on SWM 5. Mr. S.N. Tiwari, Executive Engineer, Public Health Engineering Deptt. 6. Mr. Suneja, SE Public Health Engineering Deptt. 7. Mr. Dharmendra Verma, Public Health Engineering Deptt. 8. Mr. Ashish Jain, Indradoot 9. Ms. Urvi Mankad, Coordinator City Managers’ Association Madhya Pradesh 10. Dr. Verma, Health Officer, SWM Department, IMC



Resource Cities Program

Indore Municipal Corporation, Madhya Pradesh with City of Garland, Texas, USA Designing a sanitary solid waste landfill site

I. Indore City Profile

Form of Government The Indore Municipal Corporation is governed by the provisions of the

Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam, 1956. The city is

divided into 69 wards which have been grouped under 11 zones for

decentralization of administration. The Mayor is appointed by direct

election and he appoints a 10 member Mayor-in-Council, one member

for each Department. This has replaced the earlier system of a

Standing Committee where members of the Standing Committee were

chosen by the councilors. The constitution of zonal Committees is

required by law. However, this has not yet taken place. Each Ward

Committee would consist of the Councilor elected from that ward and

two other persons nominated by the Mayor.

Population 1.59 million , 2001 census

Area (in square kilometers)

130.17

Density of population 12221 persons per sq. km.

Major Types of Revenue Sources in FY2003

Property Tax Income from Municipal Properties, property tax and other taxes Grants & Contributions

Other Distinguishing Characteristics

Indore is the largest city in Madhya Pradesh and is its trade and

commercial capital. Indore City is 14th among the 27 million-plus cities

of India, enumerated in the 2001 census and close to 1.5 million

people currently live in the city.

In 1870, the first municipality was constituted in Indore. With the

formation of the Municipality, the rulers of the Indore State, the

Holkars, initiated some bold initiatives. Trade and Commerce were

given leverage to strengthen the city economy to ensure a positive

growth. Piped water supply system was established at the turn of the

century to cope with the demand of the city.

Realizing the potential of new industries, the Holkars invited Mr.

Patrick Geddes, who prepared the first authentic `master-plan’ for the

city. Soon the municipality became the first city to have an elected

municipal government responsible for the welfare and growth of the

city. A city improvement trust was created and sanitation and waste

disposal was undertaken in a scientific and planned manner.

IMC’s key municipal functions include construction and maintenance

of road, water supply, drainage, sewage, street lighting and waste

management facilities. In response to pressures on its finances it

undertook several measures to strengthen its revenue base. Although

these initiatives have helped IMC to increase revenues to a significant

extent, additional changes are required to improve the revenue base

and meet new challenges. In this context, this study carried out an in-



depth assessment of IMC’s revenue base and identified ways of

strengthening it.

URL www.indorenagarnigam.com

II. Introduction

With a population of approximately 1.6 million, the Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is the largest city in the state of Madhya Pradesh (MP), and serves as its commercial and trade capitol. MP has only recently begun to decentralize responsibilities to the local government level, and is the first state in India to create an executive mayor position. IMC faces many challenges in managing its finances, generating adequate revenues to improve the quality of public services, and increasing opportunities for citizens to understand and participate in local government. Improving solid waste management is a particular priority for the city in order to bring it into compliance with a directive from the Indian Supreme Court that requires all Indian cities to comply with guidelines established by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry for solid waste disposal. In late 2002, under the Resource Cities Program1, IMC established a partnership with the City of Garland, Texas (located in the Dallas metropolitan area) to provide IMC with technical support in addressing priority concerns and leveraging the support the city was receiving through the USAID-funded FIRE II project. The first exchange to Indore took place in December 2002. The partners agreed to focus on two key areas: solid waste management and revenue generation, with citizen communications and outreach as a cross-cutting them of all partnership activities. Over the course of the last 20 months, through a series of technical exchanges and ongoing communications, IMC and Garland have worked together to achieve significant progress in introducing improvements in both core partnership areas. This case study summarizes the results related to their joint efforts to improve solid waste management systems in Indore.

III. Problem Statement Solid Waste Management is one of the most essential services for maintaining the quality of life in urban areas and for ensuring better standards of public health and sanitation. In Indian cities, this service typically falls far short of the desired level. Outdated and inefficient systems, institutional weaknesses, a chronic shortage of human and financial resources, inappropriate technology, inadequate coverage and lack of short and long term planning all contribute to a lack of comprehensive, effective solid waste management services. As per a 2000 Indian Supreme Court directive, by December 2003, all Indian cities were supposed to comply with solid waste management guidelines issued by the Ministry of

1 The RCP, now known as the CityLinks Program, is funded by USAID and implemented by the International

City/County Management Association. The program brings the experience and expertise of U.S. local government professionals to bear in helping local governments in developing and transitional countries address pressing urban management issues and strengthen local democracy.

http://www.indorenagarnigam.com/



Environment and Forestry2. (Refer to Annexure A for seven steps that urban local bodies have to comply with.) This has placed great pressure on local governing bodies to introduce reforms and expand existing services. The IMC Department of Solid Waste Management is under the purview of a Chief Health Officer, who is supported by four health officers, 22 sanitary inspectors, 22 sanitary sub inspectors and 80 darogas charged with keeping the city clean. The entire corporation is divided into four zones and accordingly the SWM department has four divisions each headed by a health officer. In addition, 2,800 street sweepers work from 6:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. every day. Indore has no system of storage at source. Most of the population dispose of their garbage on streets, open spaces, drains etc. Separation of waste between organic and inorganic is also generally not practiced. Door-to-door collection has been piloted in a few areas of Indore, but has not yet scaled up to cover major areas of the city. At most places, the waste is dumped by residents in open spaces at the junctions of the roads, market places. It is estimated that the city generates about 600 metric tons (MT) of garbage per day. Table No. 1 Solid Waste Management of Indore

S.No (in metric tons

per year) 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03

1 SW generated 82,500 93000 100500 120000

2 SW collected 70600 85500 90350 108765

3 SW composted Nil Nil Nil Nil(contract for composting has been awarded)

There is also a problem with waste storage depots. At most places, the waste is stored in open spaces at the junctions of the roads, market places. Disposal of Waste: IMC has a 125 acre site (known as a ‘trenching ground) for solid waste disposal that is located 7 kilometres away from the IMC boundary. This site has been used for the last 25 years, and is very poorly managed; waste remains exposed and therefore, causes nuisance, foul smell, smoke and environmental pollution of ground-

2 After the Supreme Court directive, Indian cities have started taking a number of measures towards improving solid

waste collection, transfer and disposal. Whereas the maximum compliance can be seen in the area of improvement in solid waste collection (101 cities out of 128 class I cities have daily street sweeping, 42 cities have initiated door to door collection

2) the compliance in construction of landfill is almost nil (1 city out of 128 class I cities).



water, air and soil. Frequent fires release harmful dioxins in the air. Such crude dumping also endangers underground water resources as it leads to subsoil water contamination. IMC does not currently compost any waste; it has entered a contract with a private company to initiate composting on a piece of land abutting the trenching ground, this facility has not yet begun to operate. Waste Transportation Transporting trash to the IMC trenching ground is a time and money-consuming process; the farthest point from IMC to the landfill site is about 20 kms. As a result, the limited trucks available to the Municipality are kept transporting waste to the trenching ground. Table No. 2 Solid Waste Management Expenditure & Infrastructure of Indore

IV. Project Description

During the first exchange to Indore in December 2002, the partners focused on diagnosing the specific solid waste management issues and improvements that they would work on together over the course of the partnership. As ongoing efforts under the Indo-US FIRE (D) Project, IMC had already initiated improvements in collection and transportation of waste and this partnership with Garland gave a thrust to the process. The Garland team had the opportunity to review IMC’s primary collection and waste transfer systems, and to visit the city’s trenching ground. IMC provided Garland with the ‘Municipal Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2000’ to enable its experts to understand the required Indian criterion and specifications (Please see annexure B for Schedule III –Specifications for Landfill Sites).3 At the end of this initial exchange, the partners signed a memorandum of understanding that outlined the objectives of the partnership. The specifics of the partnership work plan were developed and refined during the next two exchanges to Garland and Indore.

3 After the Supreme Court directive, Indian cities have started taking a number of measures towards

improving solid waste collection, transfer and disposal. Whereas the maximum compliance can be seen in the area of improvement in solid waste collection (101 cities out of 128 class I cities have daily street sweeping, 42 cities have initiated door to door collection

3) the compliance in construction of landfill is almost

nil (1 city out of 128 class I cities).

Sr.No Item of Expenditure in million

1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03

1 Establishment Cost 321.381 152.629 178.40 163.87

2 Transportation of Waste (capital cost)

0.12 0.156 0.178 0.192

3 Tools for Sweepers 0.79 0.2 0.20 0.46

4 Wheel Barrows/containerized handcarts

- - - -

5 Procurement of small vehicles

- 0.33 - -

6 Garbage Bins procurement

0.42 - - 0.18



Garland agreed that to provide assistance to IMC in preparing preliminary designs for a new, sanitary landfill site and helping them establish basic management principles to be implemented at the landfill. Garland also agreed that they would work with IMC to explore the feasibility of building a waste transfer station and help the city determine appropriate management guidelines for the station. During exchange trips to Garland, the Indore delegations had the opportunity to visit the city’s solid waste & recycling Hinton landfill site. They also learned about Garland’s solid waste collection system and, importantly, about the city’s financial management plan for its entire solid waste services. Exposure to Garland’s well-run, environmentally sound and self-financing solid waste system, served to further inspire the Indore team that it should move forward with converting its trenching ground into a sanitary landfill site and establish landfill management guidelines. The transfer station and landfill design process continued during Garland’s third visit to Indore. The delegation visited the existing trenching ground on the first day and observed the City’s pilot project of landfill implemented by IMC in an area of 100 feet by 60 feet.

Mr. P.U. Asnani, a member of the Supreme Court Solid Waste Management Committee, who helped Indore develop a solid waste action plan in 1999, participated in the discussions with experts from Garland. Together, they were able to offer their IMC counterparts valuable advice on strategies and actions the city can take to improve its current solid waste collection system and move from planning to implementation for a new waste transfer station and landfill site. The teams decided a course of action and data required during Garland’s second visit to Indore.

1. Goals:

i. To develop landfill master plan for minimum of 20 yr life. ii. To Develop a lined cell layout iii. To provide for construction and demolition Debris disposal in an unlined area iv. To develop daily operations plan v. To develop equipment, purchase and maintenance cycle

It was decided that the Landfill master development plan and design would include:

cell design

layout of cells

IMC’s pilot landfill



layout of leachate collection system

Leachate treatment options

Layout of construction and demolition cells

landfill roads

landfill infrastructure

daily operational plan

daily cover excavation plan

landfill gas control plan

groundwater monitoring plan

landfill equipment procurement plan

Garland experts explained the basic components of a landfill and the benefits and use of each component of the landfill.

2. The basic parts of a landfill are:

a. Bottom liner system - separates trash and subsequent leachate from groundwater. A landfill's major purpose and one of its biggest challenges is to contain the trash so that the trash doesn't cause problems in the environment. The bottom liner prevents the trash from coming in contact with the outside soil, particularly the groundwater. For Municipal Solid Waste landfills, the liner is usually some type of durable, puncture-resistant synthetic plastic (polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polyvinylchloride).

b. Cells (old and new) - where the trash is stored within the landfill. Perhaps, the most precious commodity and overriding problem in a landfill is air space. The amount of space is directly related to the capacity and usable life of the landfill. If you can increase the air space, then you can extend the usable life of the landfill. To do this, trash is compacted into areas, called cells, that contain only one day's trash. This compression is done by heavy equipment (tractors, bulldozers, rollers and graders) that go over the mound of trash several times). Once the cell is made, it is covered with six inches of soil and compacted further. Cells are arranged in rows and layers of adjoining cells.

c. Storm water drainage system - collects rain water that falls on the landfill. It is important to keep the landfill as dry as possible to reduce the amount of leachate. To exclude rainwater, the landfill has a storm drainage system. Plastic drainage pipes and storm liners collect water from areas of the landfill and channel it to drainage ditches surrounding the landfill's base.

d. Leachate collection system - collects water that has percolated through the landfill itself and contains contaminating substances (leachate). Water percolates through the cells and soil in the landfill. As the water percolates through the trash, it picks up contaminants (organic and inorganic chemicals,



metals, biological waste products of decomposition). This water with the dissolved contaminants is called leachate and is typically acidic. To collect leachate, perforated pipes run throughout the landfill. These pipes then drain into a leachate pipe, which carries leachate to a leachate collection pond. Leachate can be pumped to the collection pond or flow to it by gravity. The leachate in the pond is tested for acceptable levels of various chemicals (biological and chemical oxygen demands, organic chemicals, pH, calcium, magnesium, iron, sulfate and chloride) and allowed to settle. After testing, the leachate must be treated like any other sewage/wastewater; the treatment may occur on-site or off-site.

e. Methane collection system - collects methane gas that is formed during the breakdown of trash Bacteria in the landfill break down the trash in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) because the landfill is airtight. A byproduct of this anaerobic breakdown is landfill gas, which contains approximately 50 percent methane and 50 percent carbon dioxide with small amounts of nitrogen and oxygen. This presents a hazard because the methane can explode and/or burn. So, the landfill gas must be removed. To do this, a series of pipes are embedded within the landfill to collect the gas. In some landfills, this gas is vented or burned. More recently, it has been recognized that this landfill gas represents a usable energy source.

f. Covering or cap - seals off the top of the landfill g. Groundwater Monitoring: At many points surrounding the landfill are

groundwater monitoring stations. These are pipes that are sunk into the groundwater so water can be sampled and tested for the presence of leachate chemicals. The temperature of the groundwater is measured. Because the temperature rises when solid waste decomposes, an increase in groundwater temperature could indicate that leachate is seeping into the groundwater. Also, if the pH of the groundwater becomes acidic, that could indicate seeping leachate.

Garland also reviewed delegation data requirements and the process used in the U.S. to design a landfill site:

3. Data Requirements

a. site survey topography map (2 mt. Contour) of the identified trenching ground

b. Geological and geotechnical information- The purpose of the any geotechnical investigation is to determine the various type of soil and related soils strata located on the landfill site. Additionally, a hydrogeologic (groundwater) evaluation is conducted in conjunction with the geotechnical investigation to determine existing pre-landfill groundwater conditions.

Geotechnical Investigations are conducted by using a machine capable of auguring (drilling) holes in the ground and then sampling soils at specific depths. The machine uses a solid flight hollow stem auger. As the machine drills the hole, a Geotech (geotechnical engineer or geologist) continuously logs (records) the depth and types



of soils being brought out of the hole by the auger flight. Ever 1.5-meters, or when ever there is a change in soils type, the Geotech will have a sample taken using a split spoon sampler. Each sample needs to be properly preserved and sent to a soils laboratory for analysis. Types of soil tests required on each sample are listed below. Four of the nine holes shown need to be drilled to a minimum depth of 50-meters. The presence or absence of groundwater will be noted on the soils log.

The Garland team helped their IMC counterparts prepare a groundwater sampling plan on the landfill site drawing. Indore then hired consultants to get topographical drawings and geo-technical data.

c. hydrological data

Piezometer Installation: Five auger holes shown on the Indore Landfill Drawing are marked as Piezometers. These holes need to be drilled to a depth of 5-meters into the water table. Development of Groundwater Sampling Plan: After the completion of their installation, each piezometer shall be developed by hand purging, with a baler, five well volumes of water. The groundwater recharge rate (time to return to static water level) of each piezometer shall be recorded for entry into the Groundwater sampling plan. After installation of the piezometers, and each month thereafter for a period of twelve months, the conductivity, pH, temperature, and depth to groundwater shall be determined. Additionally, immediately after each piezometer is developed, groundwater samples shall be collected for laboratory analysis as shown below. For each piezometer, samples shall be collected for laboratory analysis every three months until the permanent groundwater monitoring wells are located, installed and developed.

Location and Installation of Permanent Groundwater Monitoring Wells: The location depth and development of each groundwater monitoring well will be based upon the information collected from each piezometer. IMC conducted Groundwater quality analysis as per Indian Standard 10500 at seven points near to the proposed site on 6th July 2004. Please refer Annexure C for the information that IMC collected.

4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4.

4. Budget: Costing of a landfill construction for IMC

Garland provided IMC with guidelines to enable the city to ensure that all budgetary considerations are taken into account as it plans for the construction of a new sanitary landfill. Key budgetary categories have been outlined in Annexure D. The team has made recommendations for improvements in the collection and transport of solid waste materials. They have also produced a detailed design for a sanitary landfill.



vi.Lessons Learned and Partnership Results

Indore realized that it needs to take an incremental approach, i.e., not trying to construct an expensive new sanitary landfill straight away, but rather beginning at a small scale through introducing new practices at its existing dump site and gradually expanding them to the whole site while it completes all of the planning work and figures out how to finance a new landfill. Indore has already begun to implement some of the collection system improvements agreed to by the team:

Expansion of the pilot door to door collection systems Procuring covered garbage bins and long handled brooms

Indore also got a hand-on experience to designing a sanitary landfill and a transfer station. The IMC officials were also exposed to the process of conducting a feasibility for the landfill site. They have also created a sample section of the sanitary landfill which is already up and running. Indore will study and modify the design if necessary and then expand the system to the entire landfill area. Enhanced capacity and understanding of modern solid waste management practices by Indore municipal officials and staff.

vii.Other Benefits While solid waste management and revenue generation were the core focus areas of the Indore-Garland partnership, the relationship has had a number of indirect benefits for both cities as well. Indore officials, by visiting Garland, were able to observe a successful, well-functioning local government in action. They were exposed to a comprehensive solid waste management system, which allowed them to better understand the processes involved in reaching this end, and to envision the benefits to the community from having efficient, responsive management systems in place. IMC officials were able to observe first-hand how public works projects can be carried out in an efficient and effective manner. They learned about the importance that the City of Garland places on leadership, personal responsibility and accountability, and cooperation and teamwork to accomplish goals. These values are equally applicable to any municipal service, public works project, or other function that IMC carries out. Importantly, exchange trips to Garland enabled the Indore officials to better understand their role in creating these transformations, and in providing leadership and good management once new systems are in place. The partnership was also professionally (and personally, of course!) rewarding for the Garland staff involved in the program. They have been able to recognize the universal application of their skills and knowledge, and to apply them in a very different and challenging setting. Working with their Indore peers in an environment where resources are far scarcer and systems are less developed, and seeing how much Indore has done with such limited resources, Garland representatives gained a greater appreciation for the level of resources they have at their disposal, and to think more creatively about how to use them. Having to explain how and why the do things enabled the Garland team to reassess the rationale, better understand and appreciate the benefits of their own processes, and consider some ways to improve them. Most importantly, the Garland professionals involved in the program were able to assist their Indore peers grapple with



some of the same problems that they once struggled with, and identify some realistic, creative solutions.

viii.Way Forward

Indore has stated an ambitious path for their solid waste management program. . For Indore to achieve it, they will require much initiative and cooperation by city officials to mobilize the design and implementation of these projects.



ANNEXURE A Seven steps for compliance to MSW Rules 2000 Prepared by Mr. P.U. Asnani, Member Supreme Court Committee on Solid Waste Management.

1. Storage of waste at source in two bins one for biodegradable waste and another for recyclable material.

2. Primary collection of biodegradable waste on a day to day basis from the doorstep

using containerized tricycle/handcarts/pick up vans, and collection of recyclable material through NGOs.

3. Street sweeping covering all the residential and commercial areas on all the days

of the year irrespective of Sundays and public holidays. 4. Abolition of open waste storage depots and provision of containers or closed body

waste storage depots. 5. Transportation of waste on a day to day basis in covered vehicles. 6. Treatment of biodegradable waste using composting or waste to energy

technology. 7. Minimize the waste gong to the land fill and dispose of only inert material at the

landfills which should be constructed as per the specifications given in the rules.



Annexure C Groundwater Analysis at Trenching Ground Sr Test Name Units Standard

Permissible Limit

Excessive Limit Results

I Physical

1 Temperature Deg C

2 Color Platinum Cobalt Scale

5 25

3 Odour Threshold No.

Nil Nil

4 Turbidity N.T.U 2.5 10

5 pH pH scale 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2

II Chemical

1 Alkalinity as CACO3 Mg/l Nil Nil

2 Total hardness as CACO3

Mg/l 200 600

3 Calcium hardness Mg/l 75 (as Ca) 200 (as Ca)

4 Magnesium hardness Mg/l 30 (as Mg) 150 (as Mg)

5 Chloride (as Cl) Mg/l 200 1000

6 Sulphate (as SO4) Mg/l 200 400

7 Ammonia (as NH3) Mg/l Nil Nil

8 Nitrite (as NO2) Mg/l Nil Nil

9 Nitrate (as NO3) Mg/l 45 45

10 Total Solids Mg/l - -

11 Dissolved Solids Mg/l 500 1500

12 Suspended Solids Mg/l - -

13 Chlorine Dose Mg/l - -

14 Fluoride (as F) Mg/l 1.0 1.5

15 Residual Chlorine Mg/l 0.2PPM 10PPM

16 Iron (as Fe) Mg/l 0.1 1.0

17 Total coliform MPN/100 ml

Nil Nil

18 Fecal Coliform - -



Annexure D: Various Budget Templates

INDORE LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT

PRELIMINARY BUDGET

Sr. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT COST TOTAL COST

1. Site Topographic Survey/ With Monuments

Lump Sum

2. Geologic & Geotechnical Investigation

12-100 foot deep borings with core and laboratory testing (1,200-LF)

3. Hydrological Study Lump Sum

4. Locate & Install Groundwater Monitoring Wells

4-wells 100 foot deep (400-LF)

5. First Year Groundwater Analysis 4-Quarters

6. Site Fencing 18,000 Linear Feet

7. Site Roads 1,500 Linear Feet

8.

Buildings

Administrative Buildings

Maintenance Building

Parts Storage

Based on need

9. 1st Cell Construction Costs

See table No.5

10.

Landfill Equipment

Steel Wheel SW compactor

Bull Dozer

Excavator

11. 1st Years Operations Budget

See Table No. 6

Table No.5 : CELL Budget items

Sr.

DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

UNIT

UNIT PRICE

TOTAL

1. Mobilization & Demobilization Lump Sum N/A N/A

2. Excavation (subgrade) Cu ft.

3. Groundwater Subdrain LF

4. Groundwater Sump,

Pump & Controls Lump Sum N/A N/A

5. Compacted Clay Liner CY

6. HDPE Liner (Smooth Bottom) Sq. ft.

7. HDPE Liner

(Textured Sideslope)

Sq. ft.



9. Leachate Chimney Feet

10. 18-inch Ø HDPE PIPE Feet

11. 18-inch Ø HDPE PIPE (Perforated) Feet

12. 6-inch Ø HDPE PIPE Feet

13. 6-inch Ø HDPE PIPE (Perforated) Feet

14. Leachate Collection Sump,

Pump & Controls Lump Sum N/A N/A

15. Leachate Collection Sump

Concrete Vault Lump Sum N/A N/A

16. Geocomposite Drainage Layer Sq. ft.

17. Exposure of Cell#1 Liner Feet

18. 12-ounce geotextile fabric Sq. ft.

19. Protective Cover Layer Cu ft.

20. Flexible Base Ton

21. Concrete Encased 6-inch Ø PVC

Schedule 80 (Double Walled) Pipe

Feet

22. 3-inch Ø PVC Schedule 80 (Leachate

Return Line)

Feet

23. 4-inch Ø PVC Electrical Conduit Feet

24. 30-inch Ø CMP

(Corrugated Metal Pipe)

Feet

25. Subgrade Borrow Cu ft.

Table No 6: Indore Landfill Maintenance Budget Outline

Sr. DESCRIPTION BUDGET

1. Salaries

2. Overtime

3. Office Supplies

4. Minor Tools

5. Parts

6. Fuel & Lubricants

7. Safety Supplies

8. Communications (Radios)

9. Phone

10. Copies

11. Vehicle Replacement Reserves

12. Equipment Replacement Reserves

13. Vehicle Maintenance

14. Equipment Maintenance

15. Ground Water Monitoring & Laboratory Testing

16. Equipment Rental

17. Postage & Mail Service

18. Dues & Memberships

19. Professional Training

20. Subscriptions



ANNEXURE B

Schedule III –Specifications for Landfill Sites, The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

Designing a Sanitary Solid Waste Landfill Site, a case …D) Project Designing a Sanitary Solid...

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