Design Thinking for Creating Innovations and Creativity
Transcript of Design Thinking for Creating Innovations and Creativity
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Design Thinking for Creating Innovations and Creativity
Danuvasin Charoen, Ph.D., PMP, PMI-ACP, CSM, CSPO(รองศาสตราจารย พ.ต.ต.ดร.ดนวศน เจรญ)
Associate Professor/Director of the Center for Business InnovationsNIDA Business School
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My experience at Stanford d.School
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Design Thinking Road Map
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Design Thinking
Source: Brown, T. (2009). Designers: think big. TEDGlobal July 2009.
ความตองการของผใชงาน
ความคมคาตอการลงทน
ความเปนไปไดทางเทคนค
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Paper clip challenge
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Divergent thinkingConvergent Thinking
Source: Ideo
สรางทางเลอก ตดสนใจเลอก
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Design Thinking History
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Problems to be solved
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Does the problem….
Focus on human value?
Is difficult to solve?
Have high level of uncertainty?
Has no data?
Source: Paweł Żebrowski
มความไมแนนอน หรอยงไมมทางออกเกยวของกบคน
ยากในการแกไข
ขาดขอมล
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Design Thinking Road Map
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Observe in the user’s environment
Engage with the users (through interviews)
Immerse yourself with user’s environment
“By watching people you can capture physical manifestations of their experiences, what they do and say…the best solutions come out of the best insight into human behavior,” (Stanford d.School)
Source: Stanford d.School
การเขาไปสงเกตกลมเปาหมาย
การเขาไปมสวนรวมกบกลมเปาหมาย
การเขาไปอยในสภาพแวดลอมเดยวกบกลมเปาหมาย
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พด คด
รสกทา
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ถาถามคนวาเคาตองการอะไร เคาจะบอกวาตองการมาทวงเรวขน เฮนร ฟอรด
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มนไมใชสงทเราไมรททาใหเราอยในภาวะทลาบาก แตเปนสงทเรารแตวามนไมใช
มารค ทเวนน
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Why empathy?
• To know what the target group really wants (เพอเขาใจกลมเปาหมาย)
• Problems to solves rarely out problems (เพอเขาใจปญหาอปสรรคของกลมเปาหมาย)
• To remove filters from our head (เพอนาอคตออกจากความคดเรา)
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Designers approach empathy…
• Without judgement (ไมมอคต หรอตดสน)
• With a beginner’s eyes (มองดวยสายตวเหมอเดก)
• With curiosity (เตมไปดวยคาถาม)
• Optimistically (มองในแงด)
• Respectfully (ใหความเคารพในความเหนทแตกตาง)
Source: Justin Ferrell
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When you observe
• Look for things that prompt behavior (ดวาสงอะไรเปนตวกาหนดถงพฤตกรรม)
• Look for adaptations (ดวากลมเปาหมายตองมการปรบตวอยางไรบาง)
• Look for what people care about (ดวาเคาใหความสาคญกบอะไร)
• Look for body language (สงเกตภาษากาย)
• Look for patterns (สงเกตแนวโนมของพฤตกรรม)
• Look for the unexpected (สงเกตสงทสงทไมไดเปดเผย หรอสงทอยเหนอความคาดหมาย)
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Identify Extreme User(การระบผใชทมพฤตกรรมสดโตง)
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Identify Extreme User
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Interview Tips
• Ask open-ended questions (ถามคาถามปลายเปด)
• Show me (แสดงใหเหน)
• Start broad and finish deep (เรมตนจากคาถามกวางไปสลก)
• Build rapport (สรางความสมพนธทด)
• Body Language (สงเกตภาษากาย)
• Minimizing your presence (เนนฟงมากกวาพด)
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Capturing an Interview
• Interesting Quotes (ดประโยคทนาสนใจ)
• Problems (ดประเดนปญหา)
• Opportunities (ดโอกาส)
• Interpretations (แปลความตองการ)
• Ideas (ด idea ทนาสนใจ)
• Insights (ดวาอะไรเปนความตองการทซอนอย)
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Customer personaPicture & Name (รปภาพและชอ)
• What does the persona look like?• What is its name?• Choose a picture and a name that arerepresentative, that allow you to develop sympathy for the persona
Behaviours (พฤตกรรม)
• What are the persona's relevantbehaviours?• Consider common tasks, spare timeactivities, and attitude
Demographics (ขอมลพนฐาน)
• What are the persona's relevantcharacteristics?• Consider demographics, job, andlifestyle.
Needs & Goals (ปญหาและความตองการ)
• Why would the persona want to buyor use the product?• What problems should the productsolve?• What benefits does the persona wantto achieve?
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Personas
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Example - persona“Hannah“ Behaviours
• Receives and signs for the delivery of medical drugs
• Works only from 2pm to 5pm at the local pharmacy in Punggol Plaza; the rest of time works in NUH
Demographics• Pharmacist at a local NTUC Unity
Healthcare pharmacy in Punggol Plaza• 29 years old• Working for past 2 years
Needs & Goals• Have busy schedule every day• Like to be kept informed on status of
delivery so she can plan her daily work schedule
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Example - persona
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เหน
พดและทา
ไดยน
สงทสรางความ
พงพอใจปญหาอปสรรค
คดและรสก
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Empathy Map
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customer journey mapping
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customer journey mapping
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customer journey mapping
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customer journey mapping
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Define
Organize and focus the unique insights that you uncovered during the first mode into clusters of related insights.
1
Start searching for key themes that immerge across and within the clusters.
2
Create a point-of-view (POV), which focuses the insights, needs and challenges you discovered into a clear statement.
3
Source: Stanford d.School
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Why Define?
• To understand a target group• Define and redefine the problem
Source: Paweł Żebrowski
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Define (con.)
Source: Stanford d.School
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Finding the patterns
Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Examples of Insights
(User) ….. needs to………….because………………….
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Ideate
• Turn up generative thinking to brainstorm creative solutions• Encourage ideas• Yes, and…. Mindset• “Bad” idea has the potential to inspire an out of the box idea to
follow. • Take POV statement, then turn into a “How Might We” (HMW)
questions. How might we redesign the classroom to be more fun.
Source: Stanford d.School
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Why ideate?
• Broad search for solution• To go beyond rational thinking
Source: Paweł Żebrowski
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30 Circles Activity
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Ideation Methods
• Brainstorm• Mash-Up• Other People’s Shoes-Storm• E-Storming
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Convergent Thinking
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Steps to Converge
Vote Cluster Discuss Decide
Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Why Prototype
Making your ideas tangible allows you to gather feedback and improve them. Consider the following when making the jump to rapid prototyping.
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Prototype
• Create a physical representation of an idea to gain user insight and test the functionality. • Prototype can be “mock advertisements, brochures, wireframes,
storyboards, user-flows, and role-playing.”
Source: Stanford d.School
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We prototype to
Build in order to Think
Gather Feedback from Stakeholders
and End Users
Fail Early To Succeed Sooner
REMEMBER The longer you wait, the harder it is to begin.
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What is a prototype?
Source: Ideo
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Source: Ideo
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Types of Prototypes
Physical Digital
Experience
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Why prototype?
• Physical form of your solution• Base for gaining opinitions• Should be interactive• Cheap failure
Source: Paweł Żebrowski
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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3 Steps for Prototyping
Build Share Reflect
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Tinfoil Hats Activity
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Guidelines for Prototyping
Source: https://www.interaction-design.org
Just start building
Don’t spend too much
time
Remember what you’re testing for
Build with the user in mind
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Test
• This is a trial-and-error period. • Test and observe how user engage with a
prototype.• During testing, new problems often arise, which
can be used to guide the next iteration of prototype ( or revise the other modes).
Source: Stanford d.School
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Why test?
• Prototype presentation • Don’t defend your prototypes• If users don’t understand your prototype = something goes wrong
Source: Paweł Żebrowski
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Iterating Your Way Forward
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Source: IdeoU.com
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Why We Iterate
Learn Through Trial and
Errors
Experiment Our Way Forward
Save Time in The Long Run
Fail Early to Succeed Sonner
Source: IdeoU.com
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“I haven’t failed. I’ve just found ten thousand ways that do not work.”
Thomas Edison
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4 Steps to Iterate
1. List Your Questions
2. Prioritize Top Questions
3. Ideate to Explore Options
4. Prototype To Build, Share,
and Learn
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STEP 1–LIST YOUR QUESTIONS
Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: IdeoU.com
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STEP 2–PRIORITIZE TOP QUESTIONS
• Rank your six to nine questions in order of most to least important. How would you rank your questions and why?
• Consider the following questions to help guide your decisionmaking: + Which do you need to tackle earlier? + Are some more critical than others? + How might the answer to some depend on the answer to others?
Source: IdeoU.com
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STEP 3–IDEATE TO EXPLORE OPTION
• Return to your ideation methods and pick another one to try. If possible, grab a handful of people (we suggest two to five) and facilitate another ideation session around your top questions.
• REMEMBER You’re diverging again to explore ideas that might provide answers to your top questions.
+ Which question did you ideate around and why? + What were some highlights from the session?
Source: IdeoU.com
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STEP 4–PREPARE A PLAN TO PROTOTYPE
• Make a plan for what you would prototype next. • Consider the following questions to inform future iterations:
+ What could you prototype to help you learn? + Who would you involve and why? + What resources would you need in order to make it happen?
Source: IdeoU.com
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Source: Stanford d.School
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Traditional Product Development
Source: https://ajsmart.com/design-sprints/
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Google Venture Design Sprint
Source: Google Ventures
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Important Mindset in Design Thinking
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Low Tech, High Touch
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“Yes, and….” Mindset
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Fail Fast
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Fast Failure
"The fastest way to succeed is to double your failure rate."- Thomas J Watson Sr. , Founder of IBM
What are the Benefits of Fast Failure?
• Detect design flaws early• Reduce cost of rework• Limit loss of investment e.g. stop infeasible or unviable project early so
that resources can be redirected to better/alternative opportunities
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Space and Artifacts Can Spark Creativity
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Conclusions
• Design thinking can drive innovations and creativity. • Be an observer. • All of us is smarter than any of us. • Necessity is the mother of invention.• If you don’t explore many options, you are not diverse enough. Don’t settle
down on the first idea. • Five stage model is iterative and incremental. • Be open for experimentations. • Design Thinking Design Doing. Result must be tangible. • Idea without implementation and testing is just an idea.