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Vermelding onderdeel organisatie

1

DESIGN of WET PORT AREAS

43rd International Port Seminar, April 2007

Professor Rink Groenveld

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Planning elements

Access channel

Turning circle

Basins

Berths

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Access channel

Alignment

Width

Depth

Stopping length

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Alignment

Design considerations

Minimize dredging costs

Avoid bends

Minimize effect cross-currents

Small angle with dominant wave direction

Some are conflicting compromises

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Channel width

Planning stage: PIANC method/ Fast Time Simulation

Design: Real Time Simulation

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PIANC Method

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PIANC Method

One-way traffic:

W= WBM + Wi + 2WBin which:

WBM = basic width

Wi = width additions

Wb = bank clearance

For two-way traffic: Wp = separation distance

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W-values

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Fast TimeSimulation

Example: Taichung

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FTS output

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Channel depth

Rule of thumb: d = 1.1 1.5 Ds

Planning stage: d = Ds T + smax + r + m

Design stage: computer model

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Ship Response

to waves

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Stopping length

Initial calculation:

Lst = L1 (Speed reduction) + L2 (make fast) + L3 (final stop)

L1 = (Ventry 2) Ls

L2 = 600 x 2

L3 = 3/2 Ls

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Condition:

Ventry > 4 u, min. 2 m/s

Tugs make fast for Vs 3 m/s

Hs 1.5 m.

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More detailed analysis

Real Time Simulation (RTS)

- mock-up ship bridge- computer generated outside view

- real helmsman

- relatively costly

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RTS

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Basin Dimensions

Rules of thumb quay length and basin width

Special considerations:

Long basins : possibility to turn ship

Exposed ports: resonance effects

Container terminals: uncertainty future shipdimensions flexibility needed

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Wave penetration

Diffraction CEM-templates or simple

computer models

Refraction-diffraction advanced computer models

including long waves

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Criteria down-time

Limiting Operational Wave heights

Disadvantage: wave period not included

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Ship Motion Analysis

1. Exposed Berths

Ship motion analysis by non-linear time domaincomputations

Example Withnell Bay, Australia

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Example Withnell Bay, Australia

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Results Line Force Variations

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2. Protected Berths

Wave penetration computation

Ship motion analysis (as above)

but: complication due to multidirectional seastate Recent PhD Thesis Van der Molen: HarBerth

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Moored Ship

in a Harbour

pitch

heave

surge

wave direction

wavemake

r

M h l i l t

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Morphological aspects

Littoral transport

Siltation approach channel

Siltation inside port basin

Litt l t t

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Littoral transport

(i) to be stopped by breakwater reaching through the

breaker zone ( ds = 1.6 Hs )

(ii) accretion / erosion adjacent coastline

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