design of VFD for speed control in single phase induction motor
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Transcript of design of VFD for speed control in single phase induction motor
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Presented byLajin B S
Jiji PrabhashMeghana Jayakumar
Nithin JosephMalini Mohan
Guided by: Mr. Rahul R S
DESIGN OF VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE
FOR SPEED CONTROL IN SINGLE PHASE INDUTION MOTOR
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OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION AIM INTRODUCTION FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM WORKING PRINCIPLE
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CONTND… FIRST PHASE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTGES APPLICATIONS
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AIM
Design of variable frequency drives for speed
control in single phase induction motor
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PHASES OF PROJECT
FIRST PHASE
• Experimental set up of the drive using basic knowledge
SECOND PHASE
• Microcontroller programming
THIRD PHASE
• Hardware design, assembling & installation
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INTRODUCTION Most of the industries use induction motors as the
drives Rising energy price create a need for energy efficient
motor VFDS are useful in energy saving It reduces the motor speed as demand decreases VFDs consists of Electronic actuator-controller Driving electrical machines – motor Driven machine – pump, fan, blower…
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FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
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WORKING PRINCIPLE
Torque of IM depends on flux
Flux α V/f ratio
Hence torque α V/f ratio
Speed = 120 * f/ P
With load change, speed also changes
By retaining V/f ratio constant, torque is
maintained
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TORQUE SPEED CHARACTERISTICS OF IM
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Serving as the prime power sources for a seemingly
limitless array of small-horsepower applications in
industry and in the home.
Single phase AC electrical supply is what is typically
supplied in homes, three phase electrical power is
commonly only available in a factory setting.
Correctly sized and rated -- can last a lifetime with little
maintenance.
WHY SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR?
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PWM INVERTERS? Characterized by constant amplitude pulses Width of these pulses is modulated Different PWM techniques – Single pulse
modulation, Multiple pulse modulation and
Sinusoidal pulse modulation These techniques differ each other in harmonic
content Choice – on permissible harmonic content in
input
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SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION Pulses over half cycle of unequal widths are generated Pulse width is a sinusoidal function of angular position of each cycle By comparing a sinusoidal wave against a triangular carrier wave Simple and ease of implementation No: of cycles is decided by ratio of triangular carrier frequency to that of modulating sinusoidal frequency
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WAVEFORMS
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CONTND…
PWM inverter model has four sections
o Power supply section
o Power circuit section
o Load circuit section
o Gate control section
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BASIC CIRCUIT
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HARDWARE
Bridge Rectifier
DC Chopper
PIC Microcontroller
Basic circuit
Keypad & LCD Connection
Dead Band time Generator
3-Phase Bridge Driver
IGBT 3-Phase Inverter
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COMPONENTS Diode rectifier- KBPC 35-10, Maximum recurrent
peak reverse voltage 1000 V. Maximum average forward rectified current 35 A
Supply source – 220V, 50 Hz ac Power circuit section – 4 No: of 2MBI50L-120
IGBTs, 1200V, 50 A,400 watts, Vgth > 20V Load circuit section –single phase induction motor Gate control section- PIC 16F877A, 5V Gate driver – IR21363, Gate drive supply
voltage 10-20V
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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Software used- PROTEUS Microcontroller – 8051
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PROGRAMORG 0000HST:JNB P1.0,A1JNB P1.1,A2JNB P1.2,A3JMP STA1:CLR P2.0CALL DELAY1SETB P2.0CALL DELAY1JNB P1.1,A2JNB P1.2,A3JMP A1DELAY1:
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MOV R0,0FHL1:MOV R1,0FFHDJNZ R1,$DJNZ R0,L1RETA2:CLR P2.0CALL DELAY2CALL DELAY1SETB P2.0CALL DELAY2CALL DELAY1JNB P1.0,A3JNB P1.2,A1
CONTND…
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JMP A2DELAY2:MOV R0,0FHL2:MOV R1,0FFHDJNZ R1,$DJNZ R0,L2RETA3:CLR P2.0CALL DELAY3CALL DELAY1CALL DELAY3CALL DELAY1CALL DELAY2
CONTND…
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SETB P2.0CALL DELAY3CALL DELAY3CALL DELAY1CALL DELAY2CALL DELAY1JNB P1.0,A1JNB P1.1,A2JMP A3DELAY3:MOV R0,03FHL3:MOV R1,0FFHDJNZ R1,$DJNZ R0,L3RETEND
CONTND…
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ADVANTAGES Rising energy prices creates a need for energy
efficient motor To reduce energy losses we select VFDs Improved operating performance Good control capability Efficient energy saving Consume less energy
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DISADVANTAGES
High cost System resonance Increased noise& vibration Shortens life Reduce service factor
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APPLICATIONS Boiler pumps , fans& HVAC system Cooling towers Compressors Stairway & packing ventilation Kitchen hoods Roof top units Air handlers Elevators & escalators
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THANK YOU