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DESIGN OF SMALL PM WIND ELECTRIC

GENERATOR SUITABLE FOR RURAL

APPLICATION

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CONTENTS

Abstract

Introduction to wind energy

Importance of electricity in rural areas

Conversion of wind energy into electricity

Role of PMs in wind electric generator

Design parameters for wind electric generator

Conclusion

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ABSTRACT

(As energy consumption rises with increase in population acrossthe world and living standards. This energy demand mainly

effects in developing countries.

(In order to achieve the world electricity demand, energy has to beexpanded in new ways. RER like PM wind generators are one of

the solution for energy demand especially in rural areas.

(Electricity is generated from the wind using the tower mounted-

wind turbine. The turbine charge the batteries via a controller

and batteries supply the electricity to DC loads.

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Introduction to wind energy

f wind energy is a renewable energy source which is freely and abundantly

available in nature.

f Since the wind energy is coming from unlimited and accessible source, it is

sustainable and will cause no maintenance impact towards fragile ecosystems.

fWind is a simple air in motion. It is caused by the uneven heating of the earthsurface by the sun. Earth absorbs the suns heat at different rates. This causes thewind to blow at different speeds.

fWind energy is mainly used to generate the electricity. The wind when used toturn the blades of a turbine turns the shaft to which they are attached. Thismovement of shaft though a generator produces the electricity.

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Importance of electricity in rural areas

h Quality, reliable power supply, capable of meeting increasing demand is

essential for any economic development.

h According to the survey of REC around 6482 unelectrified villages and

hamlets are identified in India.

h By this wind energy in rural areas, fulfill the basic needs of rural people

lighting, street lights, pumping for drinking water supply, lights / fans in the

school and primary health center. And this also increases the employment

opportunities for rural people.

h Since the strong winds are found in rural areas, these are the best suitable

sites for the wind power installation.

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Conversion of wind energy into electricity

The kinetic energy of the wind is given

by the following equation:

The wind power, Pw has the following

expression:

The mechanical power that the

turbine extracts from the wind, Pm is

This gives the torque equation as

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Energy extraction from the wind

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Provide field excitation in the rotor

No electrical energy is observed by the field excitation

There is no excitation losses

Higher output torque and efficiency

Increase in air gap flux density

Better dynamic performance

Simplified construction and maintenance

Role of PMs in wind electric generator

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Types of PMs

Alnicos

Ferrites

Rare earth magnets (NdFeB)

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Design parameters for wind electric generator

Considerable technical features for designing the PMG :

High efficiency and less cost

Greater no. of poles

Selection of suitable magnet grade

Less heating of rotor magnets

Selection of suitable no. of slots

Less losses in the stator winding

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Input parameters taken for designing PMG

Wind speed - (8-12)mph

Rated power - 500 700w

No. of poles - 18

Rated frequency - 50Hz

Speed of the rotor - 330rpm

Battery bank voltage - 24vType of magnets - NdFeB

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Conclusion

The project on wind electric generator concludes that wind

energy is the one of the best suitable option for the rural

electrification and for employment development also.

This PM WEG also helps to decrease the CO2 emissions

contributing to climate change mitigation.

Direct and indirect economic benefits flow from the use of wind

power in rural areas.

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References

Text book

PM AC generators (IEEE) By K. J. Binney, A. Kurdali

Proc. IEEE vol. 126

AC generators design & applications By Robert L. Ames

Websites

www.NEDCAP.com

www.otherpower.com

www.indiaenergyportal.org

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Any queries

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Thank you

Submitted by

I. Ananda Jyothi (05L01A0201)

M. G. Santosh Kumar (05L01A0230)

S. Karthik Reddy (05L01A0211)