GROUP 6, MEG312

(MANUFACTURING PROCESS) PROJECTDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos,

NigeriaLECTURER: Dr. Onitiri

Members of the GroupNAME MATRIC NUMBER

OLORUNFEMI Fredrick Temidayo 110404098

ADEMOLA Aleem Lolade 120404004

ADESOKAN Adedamola Philip 120404007

AGBAMORO Joseph Emeka 110407060

AJAYI Oluwatosin Solomon 120404008

ALUKO Oluwabukunmi Daniel 120404016

AWODIJI Joseph Babatunde 120404020

AZEEZ Ganiyu Eniola 120404024

BAMGBOYE Oluwamuyiwa Bill 120404025

BRAIMOH Olawale Mumin 120404029

DAVIS Emmanuel Oladele 120404035

DUKOR Kenechi Franklin 120404036

ABSTRACTThis report presents the design of a device used to tackle fumes from kerosene stove. The concept of the design uses a reverse fan (suction fan) for suction of the fume. The materials procured and used for the design consisted of suction fan

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with a filter paper at the entrance of the fumes into the fan compartment. The fan is powered by a 12V rechargeable battery. All the materials procured were assembled in the frame achieved through different machining process such as drilling, sawing etc. The frame was passed through stress analysis with the Autodesk Inventor to balance the forces acting on the frame. The design has a very important application in the public such as suction of fumes from soldering iron, kerosene stove, burning paper, firewood, charcoal etc. The working of the design is efficient enough to serve as a model though lots of modification are needed for it domestic application.

AcknowledgementsThe project on designing a machine to tackle fumes from kerosene stove was carried out by members of Group 6. The machine was constructed in the mechanics laboratory, University of Lagos Akoka, Nigeria.

This project wouldn’t be a success without the help of our lecturer; Dr. Onitiri, the laboratory technicians, and the support and cooperation of the group members.

CONTENTS PAGEIntroduction ………………………… 4

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Body of Report ………………………… 6

Concept ………………………… 6

The Model ………………………… 8

The Prototype ……………………….. 10

Application of Design ………………………… 21

Conclusion ………………………… 21

Reference ………………………… 21

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1. INTRODUCTION DESIGN OBJECTIVE: The project was aimed to design a device that tackles the fumes from a kerosene stove.

What are fumes?

Fumes are gases or vapor that have a strong smell and make the atmosphere unfit for breathing.

Fumes in cooking environment has always posed a challenge, Apart from staining the wall, fumes also affect the atmosphere as a result of the carbon monoxide content. What this device does is to eliminate these problems to an extent. The design utilizes a suction fan that sucks the fumes immediately as it is emitted from the kerosene stove, but because the fumes go straight up, the device was designed in such a way that it captures the fumes before the diffusion takes place. While taking environmental effects into play, a filter was used to filter out the soot in the fumes. The design took a whole lot of things into consideration like the fan weight, rotor weight and filter, hence the shape of the device was aimed at compensating these factors by being rigid and being able to withstand all stresses acting on it effectively.

BackgroundFUME

What are fumes? Fumes can be referred to as gas or vapour that smell strongly and dangerous to inhale.

DANGERS OF FUMES TO THE ENVIRONMENT

As we know, carbon monoxide poisoning can kill, and of course the number one source of carbon monoxide is from exhaust fumes. When listing the dangers of exhaust fumes, death from carbon monoxide poisoning falls at the top of the list.

SOURCES OF FUMES

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Smoking materials: Lighted tobacco products — almost always cigarettes — are the leading cause of fumes in the home.

Cooking: Cooking stove causes fumes in the kitchen of homes which could lead to staining of the wall of the kitchen or choking.

Heating equipment: Heating equipment also causes fumes in homes.

Candles: Candles used in the homes also cause small fumes.

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2. BODY OF REPORT From the defined objective, the group needed to come up with a design idea for how this device should be manufactured and how it should work. Many design ideas were came up with by the different members of the group, the different designs were juxtaposed before we concluded with a final one and some of these ideas we came up with were:

1. Constructing a vacuum to suck the fumes: this was however not used for our design considering the fact that it could suffocate the individual using it.

2. Using a suction fan: This was appreciated by the members of the after factors such as its efficiency, mobility, machinability, cost, and concept were considered and found worthy of the design.

A number of design criteria were taken into consideration, they are:i. Mobilityii. Simplicityiii. Functionalityiv. Strength and stressv. Manufacturabilityvi. Costvii. Flexibilityviii. Size

CONCEPTThe basic concept of the design is that air can be easily sucked by a fan because of its extremely light weight. The fan is the major component of the device, it sucks the air into a temporary vacuum which is between the fan and the filter which is just in front of the fan. The soot which causes the walls of the kitchen to get black is contained in the fumes coming out of the stove and this is filtered and fumes without the soot is released at the back of the fan.

DESIGN OF THE SUCTION FANAgain we were caught up in a dilemma on:

1. The type of fan to use for the design.2. Type of filter to use for filtering the fumes from the stove.3. The type of battery to use for the design.

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4. The position of the fan where the suction of the fume is most effective.5. How the frame of the suction fan would be constructed.6. The type of material to use for the frame of the design.

After series of debate on what the design should look like, we came up with this:

1. TYPE OF FAN: From our research, we found out that a fan is a blowing device, then the reverse sucks air rather than blow it since the blades are designed in such a way that it sucks air.This made us conclude on choosing the suction fan

2. TYPE OF FILTER: Because the fumes produced by the kerosene stoves are hazardous to the environment, and as engineering students, since safety comes first, we decided to install a filter which not only reduces the effects of the fumes, but also filters the fumes and prevents it from staining the walls around the stoves. We considered different types of filters such as foams, nets, scouring pads and we decided to use it because it’s more effective and readily procurable.

3. TYPE OF BATTERY: Because of the type of fan we used, it was clear that we needed a 12v battery to power the kind of fan we were procuring.

4. EFFECTIVE POSITIONING OF THE FAN: Different positions were considered such as placing the fan beside the stove, at an angle to the stove, above the stove and as a surrounding the stoves with fans to form a U- shape.All these ideas were good, but we discovered that the most effective was placing the fan with the filter above the stove. But this was however not achievable considering the available materials, mobility and mode of presentation.We concluded that the best design that suits our design criteria was mounting the fan on a stand with adjustable height and the fan with the ability to move at different angles such that the user can position it in a way that would be best suits him/ her.

5. MATERIAL FOR THE FRAME OF SUCTION FAN: The type of material that would best suit our design was pondered upon and we concluded that the

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material should be light, wear resistant, durable, machinable, mobile and effective, and the material that met all our basic requirements was mild steel.

THE MODELBefore proceeding to the construction of the prototype, it is necessary that we construct a model so as to measure the efficiency of the design. A 1:7 model was built and tested.

The materials used for the prototype were:

1. Card board paper2. Cello tape3. Broomstick4. Gamepad rotor5. 9V battery6. Scouring pad as particle filter

Picture of the model after construction

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In process of test-running the model, we observed its operation and this helped us in making some modifications to the construction of the prototype.

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THE PROTOTYPE In the design of the prototype, several machining and fabricating processes were employed in the construction of our prototype such as drilling, sawing welding etc.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF OUR PROTOTYPE

The design has a fan enclosed in a box shaped structure which is attached to a moveable stand.

The box shaped structure is allowed to rotate about an angle approximately 1800

so that the fan can be positions to the taste of the user.

A filter is attached to the front of the fan so as to filter off the fumes before they are released into the atmosphere.

The fan is connected to a 12v battery by means of wired connection. This is the source of power for the fan

The procedures taken in the construction of our design is as follows:

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1. DESIGN OF THE DEVICE:

A 2D MODEL OF THE DEVICE WITH PREMILINARY DIMENSIONS.

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A 3D MODEL OF THE DEVICE.

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Stress analysis

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A force of 20N was applied to the stand which is equal to the top base of extractor.

From the Von Mises stress analysis, the maximum stress is 40.59Mpa which is suitable considering the maximum yield stress which is 210Mpa.

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2. PROCUREMENT OF THE MATERIALS: The materials used for the construction where:

a. Mild steel

b. Fan

c. Filter paper

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d. Battery:

3. CONSTRUCTION OF DEVICE:The parts of the device were machined, fabricated and assembled at the university of Lagos machines laboratory.

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Picture of the extractor stand

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Stage when filter was installed

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Picture of finished construction of the fume extractor

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COST ANALYSISSuction Fan ₦2000Filter ₦1000Mild Steel ₦9000Stainless Steel ₦3000Battery ₦2000Miscellaneous ₦2000Workmanship ₦5000

₦24000

4. APPLICATION OF OUR DESIGN TO THE PUBLIC

The principle of our design can be applied in various ways.

1. Suction of fumes from a kerosene stove.2. Suction of fumes from soldering iron.3. Suction of fumes burning charcoal (corn and boli roasters).4. Suction of fumes from in-house cigarette smoking.5. Suction of fumes from burning firewood.

5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The machine successfully extracted the fumes from the kerosene stove when it was tested. The project was successful

6. REFERENCES 1. Wikipedia: Fumes

http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fume2. http://www.ohsrep.org.au/hazards/chemicals/exhaust-fumes-how-

dangerous-are-they

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UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MEG 302/312 PROJECT

DESIGN OF A FUME EXTRACTOR

(FUMES FROM KEROSENE STOVE)

DR. ONITIRIENGR. ORISALEYE

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