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Design for process 1
Process
Dynamics
Process
Dynamics
Process
Dynamics Process
DynamicsProcess
DynamicsProcess
Dynamics
Process
Dynamics
Process
Dynamics
Design for Purpose
Computer Business Simulations:Design for Process
Jeremy J. S. B. Hall,
www.simulations.co.uk
Learning
Design for process 3
It is also necessary to consider the dynamics of the learning process.
I will describe and explore a systems dynamics based learning process model.
I will discuss some practical usage problems and issues.
And describe ways to overcome these during the design and use of business simulations.
Designing a business simulation is far more than just assembling a series of algorithms into a model.
Design for process 4
Information about Me
• Long time designer of simulations for management development and business training.
• Extensive experience running simulations on training courses
• Originally an electrical engineer!
Design for process 5
Experiential CycleACTIVE
EXPERIMENT
ACTIVEEXPERIMENT
REFLECTIVEOBSERVATION
REFLECTIVEOBSERVATION
CONCRETEEXPERIENCE
CONCRETEEXPERIENCE
CONCEPTFORMULATION
CONCEPTFORMULATION
MAKEDECISIONS
MAKEDECISIONS
ANALYSERESULTS
ANALYSERESULTS
SIMULATESIMULATEREPLANREPLAN
BUTBUT
Design for process 6
The Feedback Process
LEARNERS MODELDecisionsObjectives Results
The Simulation
MANAGEMENT BUSINESSDecisionsObjectives Results
Industrial Dynamics
Difference
Output
Input COMPARATOR SERVOMECHANISM
Servomechanism
All progress dynamically over time
Design for process 7
Goal SeekingServomechanisms attempt to seek to match a position, temperature, speed etc.Equally, Industrial Dynamics seek the best inventory level, etc.And, Business Simulations seek to meet learning goals
The Cognitive Dynamic
and business success
Design for process 8
StabilityBut, in an attempt to meet the goal in the
shortest time, the servomechanism may be unstable.
The Affective Dynamic
Similarly, Industrial Dynamics can be unstable.
And, for the Business Simulation, emotions are also involved.
Design for process 9
Loop gain
Affecting the speed that a servomechanism reaches its goal and its stability are factors like loop gain and frequency response.
Likewise for the business simulations, learning effectiveness, speed and engagement are influenced by workload.
The Workload Dynamic
Design for process 10
The Cognitive Dynamic
Time
CurrentLearning
LearningGoal
Confusion
Understanding
Design for process 11
The Affection Dynamic
Time
Engagement
Disengaged
Start
Design for process 12
The Workload Dynamic
Time
Workload
Design for process 13
Cognitive Problems
Too Simple
Too Complex
CurrentLearning
LearningGoal
Time
Confusion
Understanding
Design for process 14
Affection Problems
Disillusioned
Manic
Time
Engagement
Disengaged
Start
Design for process 15
Too Much Work
Too Little Work
Workload Problems
Time
Workload
Design for process 16
Interacting Dynamics
Lack of learning is disaffecting
Lack of engagement prevents learning
Too much or too little work is disaffecting
Lack of engagement reduces work
Too much work prevents reflection
Manic engagement prevents reflection
Design for process 17
Managing CognitionOver Time
Simplify
Add Issues,
Opportunities
& Threats
Progressively increase difficulty and challenge
Design for process 18
In the early stages the simulation can be designed to provide qualitative feedback emphasising strengths.
Later, the qualitative feedback moves to emphasising weaknesses.
Also, as the simulation progresses, the amount of help and advice reduces.
Managing Affection
PushUp
PushDown
From coaching and cuddling to challenging and critiquing!
Design for process 19
Managing Affection Feedback Style
Besides financial & business results
Graphs, Charts, Pictures, Animations, & Sounds.
But, beware too much bling and trivialising
Design for process 20
Managing Workload
Time
Workload
Too Much Work
Too Little Work
Simplify
AddComplexity
Add Decisions
& Results
Design for process 21
Managed ResponseProactive Tutor based feedback
So far the natural responses built into the simulation have managed the dynamics.
However, where the simulation is run by a trainer we a further way to manage responses.
Proactive Feedback
LEARNERS MODELDecisions
Results
Objectives
TUTOR Support
Information
Design for process 22
Jeremy J. S. B. Hallwww.simulations.co.uk
from knowledge through simulated experience to wisdom