Design for Engineering Unit 5 Technological Systems Annette Beattie August 4, 2006 Technological...

Design for EngineeringDesign for EngineeringUnit 5 Technological SystemsUnit 5 Technological Systems

Annette BeattieAnnette BeattieAugust 4, 2006August 4, 2006

Technological SystemsTechnological SystemsETP 2006 – Annette BeattieETP 2006 – Annette Beattie

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings and Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings and

conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the

National Science Foundation (NSF).National Science Foundation (NSF).

Technological SystemsTechnological Systems

Each has 4 elements – Each has 4 elements – InputsInputs ProcessProcess OutputOutput FeedbackFeedback

(VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

InputsInputs

There are 7 types of resources that provide There are 7 types of resources that provide input:input: PeoplePeople MaterialsMaterials – natural, synthetic, raw, industrial – natural, synthetic, raw, industrial Tools and machinesTools and machines – measuring, layout, – measuring, layout,

separating, forming, and combiningseparating, forming, and combining EnergyEnergy – inexhaustible, renewable and – inexhaustible, renewable and

nonrenewable (examples – heat, light, sound, nonrenewable (examples – heat, light, sound, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, and electrical)chemical, nuclear, mechanical, and electrical)

(VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

InputsInputs

7 types con’t –7 types con’t – TimeTime CapitalCapital – money, land, structures and equipment – money, land, structures and equipment InformationInformation

(VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

Universal Systems ModelUniversal Systems Model

Applied to cleaning up the Tech Ed room:Applied to cleaning up the Tech Ed room: People – the teacher and studentsPeople – the teacher and students Information – explanation by teacher of what needs to be Information – explanation by teacher of what needs to be

done and how to do itdone and how to do it Materials – tools and equipment to be put away that were Materials – tools and equipment to be put away that were

used during classused during class Tools and machines – broom, dustpans, shop vacTools and machines – broom, dustpans, shop vac Energy – both human and electrical powerEnergy – both human and electrical power Capital – money from school to purchase materials, tools, Capital – money from school to purchase materials, tools,

machinesmachines Time – the rime required to get the job doneTime – the rime required to get the job done (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

ProcessProcess

It’s what happens to the inputsIt’s what happens to the inputs All the activities that need to take place for the All the activities that need to take place for the

system to give the desired resultsystem to give the desired result A series of actions directed to an endA series of actions directed to an end The inputs are combined by means of The inputs are combined by means of

management and production.management and production. Managing – planning, organizing, and controllingManaging – planning, organizing, and controlling Production – the actual making of the productProduction – the actual making of the product (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

ProcessProcess

Primary process – process used to convert raw Primary process – process used to convert raw materials into industrial materialsmaterials into industrial materials

Secondary process – process used to convert Secondary process – process used to convert industrial material into finished productsindustrial material into finished products

(VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

ProcessProcess

Back to Tech Ed cleanup system –Back to Tech Ed cleanup system – Teacher manages the processTeacher manages the process Production takes place in that a clean room is Production takes place in that a clean room is

being producedbeing produced If managing is poor, the output will be poorIf managing is poor, the output will be poor The process includes –The process includes –

All the actions performed by the peopleAll the actions performed by the people Tools or machinesTools or machines Rest of the resources – electricity, lighting, etc.Rest of the resources – electricity, lighting, etc. (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

OutputsOutputs

The resulting product of inputs and processesThe resulting product of inputs and processes EverythingEverything that results that results

Intended outputsIntended outputs Nonintended – ex. waste (pollution) or changes in Nonintended – ex. waste (pollution) or changes in

society (communicating thru e-mails)society (communicating thru e-mails) (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

OutputsOutputs

Outputs can be – Outputs can be – DesirableDesirable UndesirableUndesirable ExpectedExpected UnexpectedUnexpected

The output of our cleanup system –The output of our cleanup system – Clean, safe, organized roomClean, safe, organized room Clouds of dustClouds of dust Lost teaching timeLost teaching time Wear and tear on the equipmentWear and tear on the equipment (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

FeedbackFeedback

The reaction to the inputs, process, and outputsThe reaction to the inputs, process, and outputs They serve to reinforce or alter the elements of They serve to reinforce or alter the elements of

the systemthe system Cleanup example – Cleanup example –

Feedback – the next class coming into the roomFeedback – the next class coming into the room If they complain or trip over equipment left out, If they complain or trip over equipment left out,

the system would have to be improved.the system would have to be improved. Feedback becomes an input into the systemFeedback becomes an input into the system (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

Feedback ExampleFeedback Example

Driver wants the car to go 30 mphDriver wants the car to go 30 mph She provides input by stepping on the gas pedalShe provides input by stepping on the gas pedal The car processes the input to go 30 mph, which is The car processes the input to go 30 mph, which is

the outputthe output Feedback is given by the speedometer – a monitorFeedback is given by the speedometer – a monitor A monitor lets us compare the actual result to the A monitor lets us compare the actual result to the

desired resultdesired result (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

FeedbackFeedback

Instrumentation – helps us control the system Instrumentation – helps us control the system by providing information by providing information

““Open loop” control system – human Open loop” control system – human intervention is required (car example)intervention is required (car example)

““Closed loop” control system – the computer Closed loop” control system – the computer or control device gathers the information and or control device gathers the information and makes adjustments according to its makes adjustments according to its programmingprogramming

(VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

Problem solving reviewProblem solving review

Define the problemDefine the problem Gather informationGather information Choose a solutionChoose a solution Test your ideaTest your idea Evaluate the resultsEvaluate the results RetryRetry (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

Universal Systems ModelUniversal Systems Model

InputInput ProcessProcess Output Output Feedback Feedback (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

Compare the twoCompare the two

Problem solving stepsProblem solving steps

Define the problemDefine the problem

Gather informationGather information

Choose a solutionChoose a solution

Test the ideaTest the idea

Evaluate the resultsEvaluate the results

RetryRetry

Universal systems modelUniversal systems model

InputInput

ProcessProcess

OutputOutput

FeedbackFeedback

Communication SystemCommunication System

ConferenceConference

Line up speaker Line up speaker

RegisterRegister

Attend conferenceAttend conference

Gain knowledgeGain knowledge

Fill out evaluationFill out evaluation


InputInput

ProcessProcess

OutputOutput

FeedbackFeedback

Transportation SystemTransportation System

SubwaySubway

PeoplePeople

Energy & materialsEnergy & materials

Moves under groundMoves under ground

Along railsAlong rails

People transportedPeople transported

Depleted energyDepleted energy

Was it successful?Was it successful?

Could it be faster?Could it be faster?


InputInput

ProcessProcess

OutputOutput

FeedbackFeedback

Manufacturing ExampleManufacturing Example

747 Cargo panel747 Cargo panelPunch machine, peoplePunch machine, people

paint, sheet metal, b/printpaint, sheet metal, b/print

Cut to length, holes Cut to length, holes

punched, assembled,punched, assembled,

chemically treated,chemically treated,

run thru paintrun thru paint

Panel that fits in 747, wastePanel that fits in 747, waste

Paychecks, improved economyPaychecks, improved economy

Inspection, design improvements,Inspection, design improvements,

JIT shipping,JIT shipping,


InputInput

ProcessProcess

OutputOutput

FeedbackFeedback

Medical SystemMedical System

PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticalsSymptoms, Symptoms,

Allergies, costAllergies, cost

Writing prescription,Writing prescription,

Filling prescriptionFilling prescription

Taking the medicineTaking the medicine

Symptoms relievedSymptoms relieved

Health improved,Health improved,

Side effectsSide effects

Feel better,Feel better,

Checkup is goodCheckup is good


InputInput

ProcessProcess

OutputOutput

FeedbackFeedback

SystemsSystems

The building blocks of technology!The building blocks of technology! Definition of technology again – the Definition of technology again – the

innovation, change, or modification of the innovation, change, or modification of the natural environment to satisfy perceived natural environment to satisfy perceived human needs and wants. (ITEA, 2000) human needs and wants. (ITEA, 2000) (VCSU, 2006)(VCSU, 2006)

Someone tell me why they think systems are Someone tell me why they think systems are the building blocks of technology. (Think the building blocks of technology. (Think inputs, processes, outputs, feedback)inputs, processes, outputs, feedback)

Systems EngineeringSystems Engineering

Systems Engineering integrates all of the Systems Engineering integrates all of the engineering disciplines and specialty groups engineering disciplines and specialty groups into a unified, team effort, forming a structured into a unified, team effort, forming a structured development process that proceeds from:development process that proceeds from: concept concept to production to production to operation to operation and, in some cases, to termination and disposal and, in some cases, to termination and disposal

(System Engineering, 2006)(System Engineering, 2006)


Systems Engineering considers both the Systems Engineering considers both the business and the technical needs of all business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs. (System product that meets the user needs. (System Engineering, 2006)Engineering, 2006)


The systems engineering role may have The systems engineering role may have originated as the lead or project engineer who originated as the lead or project engineer who was assigned principal responsibility for was assigned principal responsibility for orchestrating large and complex engineering orchestrating large and complex engineering programs, and as the single point of reference programs, and as the single point of reference responsible for the entire engineering activity responsible for the entire engineering activity preferred by the United States Government on preferred by the United States Government on its large programs. (System Engineering, its large programs. (System Engineering, 2006)2006)


However, systems engineering quickly became However, systems engineering quickly became synonymous with the overarching synonymous with the overarching responsibility for development of the responsibility for development of the completecomplete end productend product (hardware, software, services) and (hardware, software, services) and enabling productsenabling products (e.g., the 'systems' that (e.g., the 'systems' that produce and test the target system). This role produce and test the target system). This role has increasingly expanded, until the present, has increasingly expanded, until the present, when it is also responsible for the when it is also responsible for the interfaceinterface between the complete between the complete devicedevice and the and the useruser. . (System Engineering, 2006)(System Engineering, 2006)


The role of the system engineer is especially The role of the system engineer is especially important when systems must have especially important when systems must have especially predictable and reliable behavior. For predictable and reliable behavior. For example, power plants (especially nuclear), example, power plants (especially nuclear), medical machinery, and spacecraft usually medical machinery, and spacecraft usually consist of many individually engineered and consist of many individually engineered and manufactured parts, by different companies. manufactured parts, by different companies. (System Engineering, 2006)(System Engineering, 2006)


System engineering provides the assurance that System engineering provides the assurance that normal operations, including parts failures, will not normal operations, including parts failures, will not provide a hazard for the user or anyone else in the provide a hazard for the user or anyone else in the community. community.

The application of systems engineering processes The application of systems engineering processes may also result in significant cost savings, as well as may also result in significant cost savings, as well as providing a reasonable (up-front) assurance of the providing a reasonable (up-front) assurance of the eventual success of the project. eventual success of the project.

(System Engineering, 2006)(System Engineering, 2006)


The following link is humorous take on the job The following link is humorous take on the job of a system engineer:of a system engineer:

http://www.gmu.edu/departments/seor/insert/sthttp://www.gmu.edu/departments/seor/insert/story/story1.htmlory/story1.html


System engineering prepares you to be the System engineering prepares you to be the leader amongst other engineers.leader amongst other engineers.

The following web site charts salary potential:The following web site charts salary potential: http://www.gmu.edu/departments/seor/insert/ihttp://www.gmu.edu/departments/seor/insert/i

ntro/introsal.htmlntro/introsal.html (System Engineering, 2006)(System Engineering, 2006)

SourcesSources

System Engineering. (2006, August 4). In System Engineering. (2006, August 4). In Wikipedia, Wikipedia, The Free EncyclopediaThe Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 4, 2006, . Retrieved August 4, 2006, from from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_Engineer#Systehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_Engineer#Systems_engineering_educationms_engineering_education

Valley City State University. (2006). Valley City State University. (2006). Unit #5 Unit #5 Design For Engineering Reading Assignment Design For Engineering Reading Assignment Technology SystemsTechnology Systems. Retrieved July 20, 2006 . Retrieved July 20, 2006 from the website: from the website: http://www.vcsu.eduhttp://www.vcsu.edu

StandardsStandards

• • Standard #2:Standard #2: Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of technology.of technology.o [2.W] Systems thinking applies logic and creativity with appropriate o [2.W] Systems thinking applies logic and creativity with appropriate compromises in complex real-life problems.compromises in complex real-life problems.o [2.X] Systems, which are the building blocks of technology, are o [2.X] Systems, which are the building blocks of technology, are embedded within larger technological, social, and environmental systems.embedded within larger technological, social, and environmental systems.o [2.Y]The stability of a technological system is influenced by all of the o [2.Y]The stability of a technological system is influenced by all of the components in the system, especially those in the feedback loop.components in the system, especially those in the feedback loop.o [2.FF] Complex systems have many layers of controls and feedback o [2.FF] Complex systems have many layers of controls and feedback loops to provide information.loops to provide information.

Standard #6:Standard #6: Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of technology.of technology.o [6.I] A number of different factors, such as advertising, the strength of o [6.I] A number of different factors, such as advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals of a company, and the latest fads contribute to the economy, the goals of a company, and the latest fads contribute to shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.

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