Design Fixation and conformity with examples
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Transcript of Design Fixation and conformity with examples
DESIGN FIXATIONDiscussant: Jingning Zhang
Experiment Result
PROCEDURES
Design Problem
Flawed Example
Generate Designs
Control Fixation
“explicitly instructed that no straws …”
Control Fixation
Designs with straws 1% 17%
RESULTS
Why the designers disobey the instructions?
Control Fixation
Designs with straws 1% 17%
Why the fixation group contains obvious flaws?
Misunderstanding on instructions
Grading policy
What if they are told about the flaws in examples?
SIMILARITY METRICS
Flawed FeaturesFlexibilityOriginality
Number of designs
Only use 3 features?
No positive features?
Originality & flexibility only for Experiment 4?
So what do you think is the right metrics for similarity?
SIMILARITY METRICS
Flawed Features Flexibility OriginalityNumber of designs
Leverage Design Fixation in Crowd-sourcing
Under what task conditions is it approbate to supply examples?
Domain Familiarity Response Diversity
What is the right time to present examples?
Beginning?
Halfway through?
What examples should we presents?
Amount?
Positive or negative or both?
Design Fixation in Other Fields
What evidence can be provided for design fixation in other design fields?
Web Design UI Design Architecture Design
What method can be taken to overcome design fixation?
Talk to other people Refer to other designs
Your own tricks?
How Examples may (and may not) constrain creativity
Discussant : Baskar Rethina-saba-pathi
Benzene Ring Hypothesis
- Kekulé predicted the cyclic model 65 years before actual confirmation
Benzene Ring Hypothesis
- Inspiration from a dream of a snake biting its own tail
First commercial Television – Raster Scan
- Farnsworth worked out the principle of the image dissector when he was 15
First commercial Television – Raster Scan
- Inspired from the back-and-forth motion used to plow a field
Farming Electronics
Mythology Chemistry
Farming Electronics
Mythology Chemistry
Software
Flagship Product
Farming Electronics
Mythology Chemistry
Software Software
Flagship Product
Most criticized
Would reading of prior work be considered looking at examples? Would this suggest conformity?
Example: Reading technical papers, old versions of code
Why fresh works are perceived to be more creative than improvisations?
Marsh’s assessment - we fixate on some aspects while still innovating in other areas
http://youtu.be/zd-dqUuvLk4?t=7m18s
What do you need to think outside the box?
Step 0: Borrow a box ?
Plagiarism impacts designs. But the paper does not say when are they good to adopt
Can we say, there exists nothing called “Absolutely Novel”?
Is everything example driven?