Design Aspects of Passenger Box Wing Aircraft · Design Aspects of Passenger Box Wing Aircraft ......
Transcript of Design Aspects of Passenger Box Wing Aircraft · Design Aspects of Passenger Box Wing Aircraft ......
AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND SYSTEMS GROUP (AERO)
Design Aspects of Passenger Box Wing Aircraft
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden
19 to 20 September 2013
Dieter Scholz Hamburg University of Applied Sciences
Ricardo Caja Calleja Hamburg University of Applied Sciences
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 2
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Abstract
Future passenger aircraft strive for less fuel consumption, but their design is driven
by the requirement at airports of a maximum of e.g. 36 m wing span for short/medium
range aircraft. A box wing aircraft staying within the 36 m limit could achieve a drastic
reduction in induced drag and hence fuel consumption. Indeed, box wing aircraft have
been considered since decades, but so far very little has been done proposing a type
that can be certified and is suitable to be used by every day airline operation. This
investigation selects the best configuration from a modified morphological analysis,
looks at performance, aerodynamic and longitudinal static stability, cabin/fuselage
layout, family concepts and ground handling. A model of such proposed aircraft was
built with rapid prototyping. With all this, the presented material and facts should
serve as a baseline for a realistic discussion about the chances of a box wing
configuration to be the next generation short/medium range aircraft.
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 3
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Content
Requirements at Airports
Morphological Analysis
Performance
Aerodynamics
Longitudinal Static Stability
Cabin and Fuselage Layout
Aircraft Family
Ground Handling
Rapid Prototyping
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 4
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Requirements at Airports …
… are Driving Todays Aircraft Design!
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 5
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
• Hand Sketches
• Creative Methods
• Brainstorming• Gallery Method
Morphological Analysis
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 6
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Example of possible vertical tails
All possible variations together (from Bachelor thesis) would lead to 31104000 combinations
Morphological Analysis
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 7
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
• Morphological Analysis
Number of Combinations: 3 .
3.
2 .
3 . 1 . 3 = 162
Successive combination (in „best“ order) followed by immediate down selection => 18
after down selection
Morphological Analysis
• Modified Morphological Analysis
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 8
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
18 Candidates from Modified Morphological Analysis …
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 9
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
… 18 Candidates from Modified Morphological Analysis
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 10
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
German: „Nutzwertanalyse“ (ZANGEMEISTER): Weighted Sum of Evaluation Points
• Configuration• Force Fighting• Family Concept
• Drag• Zero Lift Drag• Induced Drag
• Weight• Empty Weight
• Flight Mechanics• Longitudinal Static Stability and CG Range
• Operation• Ground Handling
• Development• Time and Cost• Risk
Morphological Analysis – Evaluation
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 11
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Morphological Analysis – Results
1. 2.
3.
Best unconvential configuration
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 12
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
General Box Wing Performance
If the ideal case (infinite
) where is considered:
Box Wing flies at reference Aircraft Altitude
Reference Aircraft flies at Box Wing Altitude
„Fair“ comparison:
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 13
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Measurements of induced drag of different box wings in thewind tunnel of HAW Hamburg
The reference wing
Box Wing Aerodynamics
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 14
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Box Wing Aerodynamics – Induced Drag
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
h/b
k
(c) k Prandtl
(d) k Rizzo
(a) k Prandtl (Biplane)
(b) k Prandtl (Biplane 2)
k from iDrag results fit to
"box wing equation" with
parameters from (f)k from iDrag results fit to
"winglet equation"
k DeYoung
k iDrag results
k from wind tunnel data
ke
e
box
ref
D
D
refi
boxi==
,
,
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 15
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
ke
e
box
ref
D
D
refi
boxi==
,
,
bhkk
bhkkk
D
D
refi
boxi
/
/
43
21
,
,
⋅+
⋅+==
Box Wing Aerodynamics – Induced Drag
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 16
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Box Wing Aerodynamics – Induced Drag and Lift Share
From Lockheed Report
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 17
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Sensitivity of induced drag to non-optimum lift distributions (Tornado) – Stagger = 0
Box Wing Aerodynamics – Lockheed versus Tornado – No Stagger
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 18
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Sensitivity of induced drag to non-optimum
lift distributions (Tornado) – Stagger = -0.5b
Box Wing Aerodynamics – Lockheed versus Tornado – Negative Stagger
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 19
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
h: C/G position as multiple of the length of MAC1,
measured from the
leading edge of MAC1
Control LimitCL,2 needs to be low. Thus for a given CL
CL,1 needs to be increased
needs to be as high as possible
Stability Limit
Trim Condition
CL,2 needs to be lower than CL,1
1
2,
0 'd
d
c
cV
C
Chh
L
L⋅+<
Box Wing Longitudinal Static Stability
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 20
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
C/G Envelope Diagrams
CL,1 = CL,2 CL,1/CL,2 = 1,74
A further increase of the C/G envelope
requires a higher CL,1/CL,2!
unstable! stable!
h
Box Wing Longitudinal Static Stability
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 21
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Design Measures for Stability
Box Wing Longitudinal Static Stability
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 22
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Cabin and Fuselage Layout
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 23
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Aircraft Family
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 24
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Aircraft Family
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 25
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Summary of Ground handling equipment on V100 and the ramp layout
Ground Handling
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 26
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Summary of Ground handling equipment on S200 and the ramp layout
Ground Handling
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 27
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Rapid Prototyping
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 28
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Rapid Prototyping
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 29
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Rapid Prototyping
3rd Symposium on Collaboration in Aircraft Design
Linköping, Sweden, 19. - 20.09.2013
Dieter Scholz
Box Wing Aircraft18.09.2013, Slide 30
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
http://Airport2030.ProfScholz.de