Design and Operation of CABR Nearly Zero Energy Building

Zhen Yu, Huai Li, Jianlin Wu, Wei XuInstitute of Building Environment and Energy （IBEE）

China Academy of Building Research （CABR）08/20/2015

Smart Net Zero Resilient Buildings and CommunitiesCZEBS-iiSBE-APEC Net Zero Built Environment2015 Symposium

22

目录Outline

1. Introduction

2. Description of CABR NZEB

3. Performance Analysis

4. Conclusion and Future Work

300 million m2 of Green Buildings have been certified in China since 2008. In 2014, 128 million m2 of green buildings have been certified. China has become the biggest market of Green Building in 7 years.

107 20 188

1038

1697

4140

5449

6 34378

848

1670

3701

5222

28 46 157637 729 866

2123

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

一星级 二星级 三星级

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014★ 107 20 188 1038 1697 4140 5449★★ 6 34 378 848 1670 3701 5222★★★ 28 46 157 637 729 866 2123Total(m2) 141 100 723 2523 4096 8707 12794

Fast Growth of Green Building in China

Nearly Zero Energy BuildingNet Zero Energy Building

Green Building

Building Energy Saving

NZEB in Near Future

Sichuan OfficeHuagou NZEB Demo Project13,078㎡

Zhejiang OfficeManred ZEB Demo Center

Hebei ResidentialBaoding Great Wall Garden PH120,000㎡

Beijign OfficeCABR NZEB4,200㎡

Shandong CollegeShandong ChengjianCollege NZEB20,383㎡

Shandong OfficeQingdao EcoPark PH10,000㎡Zhuhai Exhibition

Gree AC ZEB exhibition center

HeNan SchoolHebi Middle School NZEB4000㎡

Tianjin ResidentialZhongXin EcoPark PH10,000㎡

66

目录Outline

1. Introduction

2. Description of CABR NZEB

3. Performance Analysis

4. Conclusion and Future Work

Introduction

2015/8/24 7

CABR NZEB is the demonstration building of U.S. China Clean Energy Researchprogram（CERC） on building energy efficiency.

The aim of this demo building is not only to meet a requirement of the CERCproject, it is also a summary of CABR’s research in the filed of building environment andenergy over decades.

The project will address fundamental issues about the building energy efficiency inChina. The principle of the building is “passive building, advanced technology, practicalfunction”. CABR demo building can be considered as a newly Chinese attempt toachieve Nearly Zero Energy Building(NZEB) with affordable cost. The experienceacquired from CABR project will be valuable input to the development of future Chinesestandard and roadmap toward NZEB.

Demonstration Targets

Following targets for demonstration of CABR NZEB have been set up:

1. Cutting-edge performance and technologyThe demonstrative building will become the integrated platform for cutting edge technologies. It will also serve as the R&D facility for NZEB related products and solutions in CABR.

2. Practical designAs the future office building of Institute of Building Energy and Environment（IBEE）， the building need to provide practical function with limited budget of construction and operation, under a very tight schedule.

3. Strong connection to industryNot interested to become an expensive laboratory only, the project has strong connection to building industry. The building should help to boost the strong growth of NZEBs in China.

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Key indicators of CABR NZEB

Type of Indicators Indicator Target Description

General indicator

area 3800m2

cost (for demonstration) 500RMB/m2 cost(for research) 1500RMB/m2

Floor 4 floor Locally 2 floor

certification GBL 3 star、LEED platinum

Energy indicator

energy consumption 25kWh/m2year Including heating cooling and lighting

energy saving >80%cooling load <35W/m2

heating load <15W/m2

renewable energy (electricity) 5%renewable energy (cooling) 40%

LPD Reduce 60%，4W/m2

Resource indicator

water saving 50%untraditional water use 30%

recyclable material 20%local plant 100%

Comfort indicator

Temperature 20~26oCpm2.5 35

RH 40%～60% Working hours, mechanical ventilation time

CO2 800ppm Working hours, mechanical ventilation time

VOC harmless

Others IO points 1500wifi 100%

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能耗指标 Energy Consumption Target: 25 kWh/(m2.a)冬季：采暖不依靠化石能源

Winter: zero use of fossil fuel for heating夏季：空调能耗降低50%Summer: cooling energy consumption reduced by 50%

CABR NZEB - Architectural Design

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CABR NZEB - Architectural Design

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CABR NZEB - Architectural Design

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CABR NZEB - Architectural Design

CABR NZEB 1st floor

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会议

办公

机房

Meeting Room

Office

Equipment room

CABR NZEB 2nd Floor

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会议

办公

机房

Meeting Room

Office

Equipment room

CABR NZEB 3rd Floor

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屋顶花园 Garden

会议

办公

机房

Meeting Room

Office

Equipment room

CABR NZEB 4th Floor

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会议

办公

机房

Meeting Room

Office

Equipment room

CABR NZEB Roof

18

Medium Temp. Solar Collector

High Temp. Solar Collector

Solar Tube / Meteorological

station

建造工程Construction

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建造工程Construction

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负荷计算 : 冷负荷Energy Simulation: cooling load

item Total Fresh air People lighting Equipment Wall Window Ceiling EnvelopeCooling Load（W） 133018.5 27849.3 30024.2 8648.5 2488.8 1895.2 60389.8 1722.7 64007.7

Cooling Load（W/m2) 36.03 7.54 8.13 2.34 0.67 0.51 16.36 0.47 17.34 Cooling Load without heat recovery (W/m2) 47.34 18.86 8.13 2.34 0.67 0.51 16.36 0.47 17.34

Fresh Air 7.54 , 21%

People, 8.13 , 23%

Lighting, 2.34 , 7%

Equipment, 0.67 , 2%

Wall, 0.51 , 1%

Window 16.36 , 45%

Ceiling, 0.47 , 1%

新风冷负荷 人员 灯光 设备 外墙 外窗(含辐射） 屋面

0.005.00

10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.0050.00 36.03

47.34

负荷计算： 热负荷Energy Simulation： Heating load

Item Envelope Infiltration Infiltration from doorHeating Load（W） 46498.5 3522.4 828.0

Heating Load (W/m2) 12.59 0.95 0.22

Envelope, 46498.5 , 91%

Infiltration, 3522.4 , 7%

Infiltration from door, 828.0 , 2%

Heating Load（W）

围护结构修正后热负荷 冷风渗透耗热量 外门冷风侵入耗热量

05

101520253035404550

45.43 41.10 40.66

36.73

23.94 22.50 17.38 16.89

采用节能措施后能耗对比（kWh/m2a）

空调能耗 采暖能耗 总能耗

能耗计算Energy Consumption Prediction

Impact of different energy saving measures (kWh/m2.a )

Standard STP insulation

ShadingWindow Insulation

Heat recovery

LED Heat recovery

GSHP Others

Cooling Heating Total

能耗计算Energy Consumption Prediction

Wall -K/(W/(m2·K))

Window -K/(W/(m2·K))

Window-SHGC Window G

AirTightness(1

/h)

Heat recovery efficiency

Baseline 0.4 2.6 0.78 0.9 0.5 80%

Increase20% 0.32 2.08 0.63 0.72 0.4 64%

Increase40% 0.24 1.56 0.47 0.54 0.3 48%

Increase60% 0.16 1.04 0.31 0.36 0.2 32%

Increase80% 0.08 0.52 0.16 0.18 0.1 16%

敏感性分析举例Sensitivity Analysis

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基础 性能降低 2 0 % 性能降低 4 0 % 性能降低 6 0 % 性能降低 8 0 %

全年最大热负荷指标 / ( W / M 2 )

外墙K值/(W/(m2·K))

外窗K值/(W/(m2·K))

外窗G值

气密性(次/h)

新风热回收效率

外遮阳短波反射率

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基础 性能降低20% 性能降低40% 性能降低60% 性能降低80%

全年最大冷负荷指标/(W/m2)

外墙K值/(W/(m2·K))

外窗K值/(W/(m2·K))

外窗G值

气密性(次/h)

新风热回收效率

外遮阳短波反射率

敏感性分析举例Sensitivity Analysis

敏感性分析举例Sensitivity Analysis

Comprehensive Research Platform

9 cooling source: hot-water driven absorption, GSHP, water cooled VRV, water loop heat pump, thermal storage for cooling, evaporative cooling, liquid desiccant air-conditioning, magnetic suspension chiller

7 heating source：medium temp solar collector, high temp solar collector, GSHP, water loop heat pump, water cooled VRV, thermal storage for heating, external hot-water

6 HVAC terminal：radiation ceiling, radiation floor, FCU, VRV, water loop heat pump, radiator

1500 IOs：Temp, Humidity, Air velocity, Radiation, PMV，PM2.5,CO2, Power consumption, Flow rate , Video, Infrared sensing…

夏季能源流向Energy Flow – Cooling Season

Energy Input Energy Utilization Energy Storage End User

GS Heat Exchange

Solar

Electricity

LightingPV

Solar TubeCollector

GSHP

GS Multi-split

water loop heat pump

Condensation cooling

Absorption Chiller

Others

Fresh Air Handling

Cooling

Battery

Thermal Storage

Chilled water Thermal Storage

Air source heat

exchange

Heat Exchanger

30

冬季能源流向Energy Flow – Heating Season

Ground source Heat Exchange

Solar

Electricity

LightingPV

Solar TubeCollector

GSHP

GS Multi-split

Water loop Heat Pump

Absorption Chiller

Others

Fresh Air Handling

Heating

Battery

Thermal Storage Tank

Boiler

Thermal Storage Tank

31

Energy Input Energy Utilization Energy Storage End User

室内末端设计HVAC Terminals

32

智能建筑系统集成Integration of information system

3333

照明服务器1

楼控服务器

照明服务器2

计量服务器1

DDC

Zigbee网关

计量服务器2

室内环境监控网关

DDC冷机

Modbus网关

水泵Modbus网

关

气象站与显示Modbus网关

Lutron照明网关

Philips照明网关 分项计量数据采集仪

地埋管数据采集仪

围护结构数据采集仪

以太网

研究 展示

3434

目录Outline

1. Introduction

2. Description of CABR NZEB

3. Performance Analysis

4. Conclusion and Future Work

Energy Consumption

3535

Time HVAC Plug Lighting Elevator LED Display Datacenter Energy

(HVAC+Lighting)

unit kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh/(m2.m)

kWh/(m2.y)

Jul 9182 4065 2455 264 185 3 35Aug 7190 3884 2227 180 180 2 28Sep 2417 3706 2232 159 181 1 14

Oct 2797 3215 2228 191 203 1 15

Nov 7274 3172 2070 140 182 2 28Dec 10892 3590 2333 177 76 480 3 39Jan 6756 3130 1951 122 150 455 2 26Feb 5730 2455 1363 102 40 461 2 21Mar 4473 3603 2169 120 68 394 2 20Apr 1292 3342 1940 127 54 356 1 10May 1085 3749 2099 139 59 485 1 9Jun 5197 4190 2483 132 57 372 2 23

Average 5357 3508 2129 154 120 22Total 64284 42102 25549 1853 1434 3003 22 22

Measurement Verification

36

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Series1 Series2

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kWh kWh

The energy consumption has been validated with redundant meter design. The value of main meters and the sum of their sub meters have been compared.

For some branches where difference occurs, reasons have been carefully studied and improvement on metering system has been done.

The different is below 3% now.

Energy Consumption

3737

HVAC47%

Plug30%

Lighting19%

Elevator1%

LED Display1%

Datacenter2%

HVAC Plug Lighting Elevator LED Display Datacenter

Energy Consumption

3838

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20000

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HVAC Plug Lighting Elevator LED Display Datacenter

Energy Consumption

3939

Absorption Chiller

0%

GSHP152%GSHP2

28%

Waterloop HP6%

VRV HP14%

Absorption Chiller GSHP1 GSHP2Waterloop HP VRV HP

HP52%

Pump35%

Fan13%

Energy Consumption

4040

HP52%

Pump35%

Fan13%

Ground Water31%

Fresh Air19%Radiation

13%

High-T Solar9%

Solar 1st13%

Solar 2nd6%

Heating4%

Cold Storage0%

Pressurize0%

Cooling Tower0%

Underground Heaing5%

Solar Thermal Storage in Summer

4141

Figure 4. Hourly solar energy acquired by solar collector (kWh) in summer

Figure 6. Hourly solar energy used for cooling (kWh) in summer

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Figure 8. Hourly cooling supply of absorption chiller（kWh）

Solar Thermal Storage in Winter

4242

Figure 5. Hourly solar energy acquired by solar collector (kWh) in winter

Figure 7. Hourly solar energy used for heating (kWh) in winter

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for h

eatin

g（kW

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GSHP 1# 50kW

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GSHP 2# 100kW

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GSHP 2# 100kW

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Absorption chiller efficiency in 2014( July to September)

Released cold Hot water consumption

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Absorption chiller efficiency in 2015 (June) Hot water consumption Released cold

• Released cold：10230 kWh (July 1st to Sep.30th )• Hot Water consumption ：15730 kWh (July 1st to Sep.30th )• Efficiency ：0.66

• Released cold： 4380 kWh (June 1st to June.30th )• Hot Water consumption ：2780 kWh (June 1st to Jun.30th )• Efficiency ：0.65

4646

目录Outline

1. Introduction

2. Description of CABR NZEB

3. Performance Analysis

4. Conclusion and Future Work

Conclusion and Future Work

2015/8/24 47

Conclusions

• A preliminary performance analysis has been implemented based on the real time data from CABR NZEB in its first year operation.

• A general energy consumption target of CABR NZEB has been achieved. • Pump system consume a important share of energy in HVAC system, which

should be analyze with more details.• The operation in the first year is based on manual operation. The performance of

the first year set up a benchmark for the future optimized operation.

Future Work• Continuous monitoring of the building system will be conduct and further

analysis of the performance of other energy storage technologies will be performed in the next step.

谢 谢！Thank You!

2015/8/24 48Email: yuzhen95@gmail.com