DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM ...€¦ · Design and Development of Vehicle...

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http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 493 [email protected] International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017, pp. 493–501, Article ID: IJMET_08_10_054 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=10 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM THROUGH BLACK BOX IN A CAR X.Anitha Mary, R.Jegan, Lina Rose and P. Anantha Christu Raj Department of Electrical Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India ABSTRACT This paper elaborate the collection of the real time data while driving a vehicle and to check the driving behaviour and a car status, these data will be useful to analyze the accident and to investigate about the accident. The whole system is vehicle based devices which collect the data like speed, rash driving of a vehicle, GPS position, alcohol detection of a driver over a time period. The data recorder will store the values of all sensors which are interfaced with the controller. Then this information will be transmitted over the wireless network. These data can be used to investigate the crime, rescue operation and insurance claims also this data can be transmitted to the Police station, Insurance Company thorough the GSM network. Keywords: Event Data Recorder, Vehicle Speed, Rash driving, Alcohol detection, Global Positioning System, Global System for Mobile. Cite this Article: X.Anitha Mary, R.Jegan, Lina Rose and P. Anantha Christu Raj, Design and Development of Vehicle Monitoring System through Black Box in a Car, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(10), 2017, pp. 493–501. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=10 1. INTRODUCTION In recent days, improving safety driving is an important objective that has led many organization and companies like vehicle manufacturers to invest significant amounts of resources, mainly in improving road infrastructure and to reduce the car crashes [1]. However, another crucial area of research is on analyzing the driver behavior. Driver behavior and errors are the main reasons for a majority of car crashes, so understanding the driver’s behavior is essential in accident analysis, emergency medical service and insurance settlements. Reasoning-based framework for the monitoring of driving safety will not be practically possible in real time [2]. Like Black Box of airplane, Car Black Box (Event Data Recorder) is used to store the driver’s behavior and car status to analyze the factors for an accident. Recently, Event data recorders (EDR) have emerged as a new system to collect data on driving behavior and to provide feedback to drivers continuously [3].

Transcript of DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM ...€¦ · Design and Development of Vehicle...

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 493 [email protected]

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017, pp. 493–501, Article ID: IJMET_08_10_054

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=10

ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE

MONITORING SYSTEM THROUGH BLACK

BOX IN A CAR

X.Anitha Mary, R.Jegan, Lina Rose and P. Anantha Christu Raj

Department of Electrical Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India

ABSTRACT

This paper elaborate the collection of the real time data while driving a vehicle

and to check the driving behaviour and a car status, these data will be useful to

analyze the accident and to investigate about the accident. The whole system is vehicle

based devices which collect the data like speed, rash driving of a vehicle, GPS

position, alcohol detection of a driver over a time period. The data recorder will store

the values of all sensors which are interfaced with the controller. Then this

information will be transmitted over the wireless network. These data can be used to

investigate the crime, rescue operation and insurance claims also this data can be

transmitted to the Police station, Insurance Company thorough the GSM network.

Keywords: Event Data Recorder, Vehicle Speed, Rash driving, Alcohol detection,

Global Positioning System, Global System for Mobile.

Cite this Article: X.Anitha Mary, R.Jegan, Lina Rose and P. Anantha Christu Raj,

Design and Development of Vehicle Monitoring System through Black Box in a Car,

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(10), 2017,

pp. 493–501.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=10

1. INTRODUCTION

In recent days, improving safety driving is an important objective that has led many

organization and companies like vehicle manufacturers to invest significant amounts of

resources, mainly in improving road infrastructure and to reduce the car crashes [1]. However,

another crucial area of research is on analyzing the driver behavior.

Driver behavior and errors are the main reasons for a majority of car crashes, so

understanding the driver’s behavior is essential in accident analysis, emergency medical

service and insurance settlements. Reasoning-based framework for the monitoring of driving

safety will not be practically possible in real time [2]. Like Black Box of airplane, Car Black

Box (Event Data Recorder) is used to store the driver’s behavior and car status to analyze the

factors for an accident. Recently, Event data recorders (EDR) have emerged as a new system

to collect data on driving behavior and to provide feedback to drivers continuously [3].

Design and Development of Vehicle Monitoring System through Black Box in a Car

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 494 [email protected]

Peter I.J. Wouters [11] was aimed at assessing the effect of ‘behavioural feedback’ using

data recorders. Event Data Recorder are on-board and integrated with wireless devices that

collect and record the information. It can be used to improve design of vehicle and Roadway

and emergency medical service by government and hospital. Also the stored information is

used to evaluate and improve safety equipment and to investigate crash causes. Oren

Musicant’s work [4] focuses the Segregating diver’s behavior as aggressive and non-

aggressive [14] driving behavior. Several researches are going on the development of systems

that monitor driver’s behavior continuously. This data also will be used for traffic safety

research.

2. BLACK BOX IN A CAR

Event Data Recorder (EDR) of a Car is also known as a Black Box, which is used to record

information related to accidents. Car black box records the important data so that it can be

used to analyse the accident. In addition to the basic function, the car black box equipped with

wireless communication system can send accident location information to central emergency

and disaster server in real-time. Therefore drivers can receive the help quickly by police and

hospital ambulance. But in Bao Rong Chang’s [7] work inter- vehicle communication is

encouraged to avoid the accident, there is no rescue method for the driver who met an

accident. The proposed system consists of data collection devices for collecting the

information about car’s status and the driver's actions, a LabVIEW platform is used to create a

database server and this database collect the sensor values from microcontroller through USB.

Overview of the proposed system can be subdivided into various sections:

2.1 Data collection

• Behaviour of driver: Drowsiness and alcohol detection of a driver will be detected by

using the web camera.

• Driving data: Driving information such as speed, rash driving.

• Car status data: The car positions checked in real time by GPS.

2.2 Report Generation

Analyse the accident easily and to handle many problems related to car accident like crash

litigation, insurance settlements. The database is maintained at the LabVIEW platform and the

data will be report to the police station /insurance company through the GSM network. So this

system resists the fake data to be record in the police station or in insurance settlement [16]

[18].

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM MODEL

Figure 1 Transmitter End section of Black box in a car

X.Anitha Mary, R.Jegan, Lina Rose and P. Anantha Christu Raj

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 495 [email protected]

Figure 2 Receiver end section of Black box in a car

Figure 1 and Figure 2 represents the block diagram of a transmitter and receiver section of

our car Black box respectively. In the proposed system we divide the whole system as two

section, they are

1. Event Data Recorder section (Transmitter)

2. Reporting section (Receiver)

EDR section deals with the sensors, which is interfaced with the ATmega16

microcontroller. By using the sensors like Hall Effect, Accelerometer and MQ3 gas sensors

we are detecting speed of the vehicle, rash driving status and driver’s alcohol detecting status.

The status of these sensors will be displayed on the 2*16 LCD, also these data will be sent to

the database of LabVIEW environment. The data transfer between the microcontroller and

LabVIEW environment process through the USB cable. A new breath alcohol detector [5] for

a driver has been introduced in this proposed system. A mouthpiece is not required for the

detection because driver’s breath sample is captured by an electric suction fan of the detector.

Yulan Liang’s [6] work focuses on the detection of driver’s distraction using the eye

movement of a driver. In proposed system driver’s drowsiness will be detected by using the

video processing algorithm called Viola-Jones algorithm. Webcam is used to monitor the

actions of a driver and Viola-Jones algorithm will keep tracking our eyes. If a driver’s eye still

closes after 5 to 7 seconds, the algorithm will concluded that the driver is sleeping. So this

Drowsiness status and sensor status like speed, rash driving and alcohol detection will be

updated in a database which is created at the LabVIEW platform. In addition, the proposed

system records the current latitude and longitude of our vehicle using the GPS module [18]. If

any severe accident or crash occurs, suddenly the status of a car and the driver will be send to

the reporting section through GSM module [17].

Reporting section like Police station, Insurance Company, Hospital will receive the

driver’s behaviour and car’s status after an accident occurred. This section consists of a

mobile and GSM receiver. The necessary action will be taken by the receiver according to its

received data through the GSM network.

4. EXPERIMENTAL DESCRIPTION

4.1 ATmega16 Controller

ATmega16 is an 8-bit high performance microcontroller with low power consumption. This

microcontroller will operate at 16MHz operating frequency. ATmega16 is a 40 pin

microcontroller. And 32 I/O lines are available, which are divided into four 8-bit ports as

PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and PORTD. It has various peripherals like UART, ADC, SPI,

I2C, etc. Every pin has an alternative function related to in-built peripherals. This controller is

used in the proposed system to acquire the necessary signals from the different sensors like

Hall Effect, accelerometer, and alcohol detector.

Design and Development of Vehicle Monitoring System through Black Box in a Car

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4.2 Speed detection

The Hall Effect is an ideal sensing technology. When the sensor experienced the magnetic

field, it provides an output voltage proportional to the magnetic field strength. The ATmega16

is then programmed to get the input signal on T0 pin. The pulse will be given to the counter

input. So the Input Counter is incremented for each time a pulse is detected on a particular

pin. In order to find the Revolution per Minute (RPM) of a wheel, we must count the pulses

for one minute which is raised from the Hall Effect sensor. Software interrupt is created for

one minute and the pulses are counted at that period. Then the product of RPM and wheel

circumferences will give the speed of a vehicle in meter per seconds. Every three seconds a

new value is displayed on the LCD.

V = C * rpm(V=speed) (1)

C=2*pi*r (C=circumferences of wheel) (2)

V=pi*d*rpm (m/s) (3)

4.3 Rash driving detection

An Accelerometer is a device that measures the acceleration as “G-force”. Accelerometer at

rest on the surface of the Earth will measure an acceleration g= 9.81 m/s2. Accelerometers

have different applications in industry products and research. Highly sensitive accelerometers

are components of navigation systems for aircraft and missiles [10]. The proposed system is

developed to detect the Rash driving of a vehicle by using the MPU6050 accelerometer [9],

which is interfaced with ATmega16 microcontroller. The controller continuously reads the x,

y and z axis values of a car. These values are recorded and the vehicle orientation is tracked

on every minute [19]. The proposed system will judge the rash driving status of a vehicle

from these x, y, and z-axis values [20].

4.4 Driver’s drunkenness detection

In this proposed system driver’s breathalyser is very essential. Most of an accident happens

because of the driver who consumes alcohol [17]. In accident analysis driver’s drunkenness is

the important factor for the insurance market and the police record. MQ3 sensor is an alcohol

sensor, which detects ethanol in the air. It is one of the gas sensors so it works almost the

same way with other gas sensors. Typically, it is used as part of the breathalysers for the

detection of ethanol in the human breath. From the analysis of ethanol concentration in

human’s breath, the drunkenness status can be determined.

4.5 Drowsiness detection

Driver’s drowsiness status also should be taking into the consideration while recording the

driver’s behavior [5]. Driver cannot control the vehicle if he falls on sleep. So the drowsiness

detection of a driver can be determined based on the pattern matching algorithm. Yulan

Liang’s [7] work focuses the support vector machines (SVMs), which is a data mining

method, to develop a real-time approach for detecting cognitive distraction using drivers’ eye

movements and driving performance data.The real time image is acquired by a camera

through the vision acquisition tool on LabVIEW. Then vision assistant tool in a LabVIEW is

used to detect the drowsiness of a driver by applying the pattern matching algorithm over an

real time image. Here Region of Interest is taken to track the driver’s eye over an real time

image. Before storing or training the template for pattern matching, we should apply filter and

proper resolution on the template which is going to compare with the real time image. This

system will continuously acquire the real time image of driver from a web camera and it will

compare with the template, if the real time image doesn’t match with the template, then the

system will conclude whether the person is sleeping or not.

X.Anitha Mary, R.Jegan, Lina Rose and P. Anantha Christu Raj

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 497 [email protected]

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Prototype of the system for detecting the driver’s behavior was developed and the data

transferred to the system was done through the serial protocol. Further prototype should be

equip with the database which is created on LabVIEW platform and it should store and update

all the accumulated the data like drowsiness detection, speed, rash driving, GPS location and

alcohol detection. Figure4 shows the experimental setup to measure the RPM of a vehicle.

This system is constructed by using the Hall Effect sensor and ATmega16 Microcontroller.

Figure 3 shows the flowchart for drowsiness detection.

Figure 3 Flow chart of drowsiness detection

Figure 4 shows the interfacing of Hall Effect sensor with microcontroller and figure 5

shows the interfacing of Alcohol detection sensor with microcontroller. Figure 6 shows the

interfacing of Accelerometer sensor with microcontroller.

Figure 4 Interfacing Hall effect sensor with Microcontroller

Design and Development of Vehicle Monitoring System through Black Box in a Car

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Driver’s alcohol consumption can be detected by using the system which is shown in

below as Figure5. This system is also called as Breath analyzer and it is constructed by MQ3

sensor and Microcontroller.

Figure 5 Alcohol detection sensor with ATmega16 Microcontoller

Rash driving of a car is predicted by using the MPU6050 accelerometer. While driving a

car, we can read the values of the x, y and z axis values from the accelerometer. From these

values we can conclude the rash driving status of a car. Rash driving is depending on the

environment and the traffic rules which is formulated by the corporation. Accelerometer

interface with the controller is shown in below as figure6. This system is handling the rash

driving related status.

Figure 6 Accelerometer sensor with ATmega16

The vehicle section is shown in Figure7. Here all the sensors Hall Effect, alcohol detector,

accelerometer are interface with the microcontroller and this system is placed on the toy car,

which is modeled for the prototype of the real car.

Figure 7 Vehicle section with controller and sensors

X.Anitha Mary, R.Jegan, Lina Rose and P. Anantha Christu Raj

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Overall data received from the sensor and microcontroller is transmitted to the computer

by serially through the USB. These data further going to be stored and updated every second

in the database, which is created in LabVIEW environment. Figure 8 shows the overall

database on LabVIEW environment.

Figure 8 Database on LabVIEW

Figure 9 and Figure10 shows the driver’s drowsiness status on the LabVIEW front panel.

It shows the result by using the pattern matching algorithm.

Figure 9 Drowsiness status front panel on LabVIEW for Opened Eye

Figure10 Drowsiness status front panel on LabVIEW for Closed Eye

Design and Development of Vehicle Monitoring System through Black Box in a Car

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 500 [email protected]

6. CONCLUSIONS

Event Data Recorder (EDR) systems provides useful information to analyze the driver’s

behavior in real driving situations. This system has been effectively constructed by using the

different type of sensors like Hall Effect, Accelerometer, Alcohol detector, etc. ATmega16

microcontroller is used to acquire the signals from these sensors. These data are

stored/updated in memory card which is interfaced with the controller. Through GSM, only

the critical information are send to the reporting sections like insurance companies, hospital

and police station. The memory card database is created with LabVIEW for experimental

purpose. This paper also detects the drowsiness of the driver. This system ensures safe driving

and avoids fake insurance claim.

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