DESERTS DESERTS Geography concept analysis *Agnieszka * Denise * Teshome * Thore*
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Transcript of DESERTS DESERTS Geography concept analysis *Agnieszka * Denise * Teshome * Thore*
DESERTSDESERTS Geography concept analysis
*Agnieszka * Denise * Teshome * Thore*
Ambiguities and Modes of ClassificationAmbiguities and Modes of Classification
desert != dry land : e.g. • volcano deserts • dry/hot deserts• ice deserts• salt desert
2Geographic concept analysis - deserts
• deserted = uninhabited places; the term does not describe the lack of water (arid place) and deserts may be quite heavily populated
• in military terminology, desertion is the abandonment of a "duty" or post without permission from one's Government or superior.
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 3
Ambiguities and Modes of ClassificationAmbiguities and Modes of Classification
Relevant Objective PrimitivesRelevant Objective Primitives
• windspeed• temperature• precipitation• evapotranspiration
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 4
• vegetation• material (rock, sand,
ice, salt)
• characteristic landforms (dunes)
• human inhibitions
Predication CriteriaPredication Criteria
(a) Individuation : check the relevant objective primitives ( precipitation, evapotranspiration)
(b)Demarcation: sudden change in physical paramters
(c) Identity : one connected place of sand, ice …
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 5
Predication CriteriaPredication Criteria
Example Sahara• typical turning circle desert• cloud free sky• no vegetation• arid• high temperature changes• windy• Ground inversion• animals and plants: Fennec Fox, Rose of Jericho
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 6
Predication CriteriaPredication Criteria
Example : Antarctica• whole continent desert• borders of the continent (floating ice/underlying rock)
• extreme changes over time in the year
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 7
Parameters of variabilityParameters of variability
• temperature is not always high (->ice desert)• the changes of temperature can be huge - daily
amplitudes up to 40°C• for many years no drop of water can fall but in the
following year a huge amount can fall• different continents have different values of
maximum precipitation for land called desert• air in the desert is not always dry - it can have up to
70% humidity
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 8
Parameters of variabilityParameters of variability
• different landforms depending on many factors• in some deserts there are specialized animals• close to sea does not mean humid -> Namib Desert• the cover of the desert can be very different
depending on the type of the desert (snow, sand, stones, rocks, etc.)
• the origin can vary (natural processes as climate changes after glacial period to anthropological reasons like deforestation)
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DefinitionsDefinitions
• average annual precipitation of less than 250 millimeters per year
• more water is lost by evapotranspiration than falls as precipitation
• vegetation cover is sparse to almost nonexistent
• sand, rocky, ice
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 10
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 11
DefinitionsDefinitions//CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Axioms Expressing Relations to other Axioms Expressing Relations to other Geographic ConceptsGeographic Concepts
• region(Sahara).• region(Antarctica).• region(Great Salt Lake Desert).
• all x (region(x) & precipitation(x)<250 & precipitation(x)<evapotranspiration(x) -> desert(x)).
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 12
Axioms Expressing Relations to other Axioms Expressing Relations to other Geographic ConceptsGeographic Concepts
• all x (region(x) & hightempdiffsdaynight(x) -> applicableTemperature(x)).
• all x (region(x) & (vegetation(x)=sparse | vegetation(x)=no) -> applicableVegetation(x)).
• all x (region(x) & (material(x)=rock | material(x)=sand | material(x)=ice | material(x)=salt) -> applicableMaterial(x)).
• all x (applicableTemperature(x) & applicableVegetation(x) & applicableMaterial(x) -> mostlikelyDesert(x)).
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 13
Axioms Expressing Relations to other Axioms Expressing Relations to other Geographic ConceptsGeographic Concepts
• all x (region(x) & (desert(x) | mostlikelyDesert(x)) & (material(x)=sand | material=rock) & temperature(x)>20 -> hotDesert(x)).
• all x (region(x) & (desert(x) | mostlikelyDesert(x)) & material(x)=salt -> saltDesert(x)).
• all x (region(x) & (desert(x) | mostlikelyDesert(x)) & temperature(x)<10 -> iceDesert(x)).
• all x (iceDesert(x) -> smaller(x, Antarctica)).• all x (hotDesert(x) -> smaller(x, Sahara)).• all x (saltDesert(x) -> smaller(x, Great Salt Lake Desert)).
Geographic concept analysis - deserts 14
Thank Thank you you for for yyour our attention!attention!
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