Describing trends
-
Upload
raudhah-sufi -
Category
Technology
-
view
966 -
download
0
Transcript of Describing trends
Page 1
TRENDS, PATTERNS AND GENERAL DIRECTIONS
Page 2
1.Table
Table 1: Average starting salaries
Understanding Graphic Aids/stimuli
Department
Year of Employment
1998 1999 2000 2002
R & D 33,000 39,000 42,000 41,000
Accounting 28,000 29,000 29,000 29,000
Sales 22,100 28,000 27,500 27,000
Page 3
Figure 1: Comparison of starting salaries from 1998 – 2001 for the R&D, Accounting and Sales Departments.
Graph2.Line graph
Page 4
3.Bar Graph
• Figure 1. Comparison of starting salaries from 1998 – 2001 for the R&D, Accounting, and Sales Departments.
Page 5
• Bar graphs can be vertical or horizontal
Page 6
• Figure 3. Amount each department spent on Phase 1 of the project.
4.Pie chart
Page 7
5.Flowchart
Page 8
we can use a related verbFor example: The number of bullying cases fell.
• Or we can use a related noun, for example:
There was a fall in bullying cases.
USEFUL VERBS AND NOUNS TO EXPRESS THE MOVEMENT OR TREND.
Page 9
Direction Verbs Nouns
Rose (to)Increased (to)Went up (to)Climbed (to)Boomed
A riseAn increaseGrowthAn upward trendA boom (a dramatic rise)
Fell (to)Declined (to)Decreased (to)Dipped (to)Dropped (to)Went down (to)Slumped (to)Reduced (to)
A decreaseA declineA fallA dropA slump (a dramatic fall)A reduction
Page 10
Levelled out (at)Did not changeRemained stable (at)Remained steady (at)Stayed constant (at)Maintained the same level
A leveling outNo change
Fluctuated (around)Peaked (at)Plateaued (at)Stood at (we use this phrase to focus on a particular point, before we mention themovement, for example:In the first year, unemploymentstood at … )
A fluctuationReached apeak (of)Reached atplateau (at)
Page 11
Sometimes, we need to give more information about a trend as follows:
*There has been a slight increase in the value of Ringgit Malaysia. (degree of change)
*Bullying cases fell rapidly last two years. (the speed of change)
In these sentences, we modify a noun with an adjective (a slight increase) and a verb with an adverb (to increase slightly).
Page 12
Adjectives Adverbs
dramatic dramatically
sharp sharply
huge
steep steeply
substantial substantially
considerable considerably
significant significantly
moderate moderately
slight slightly
small
minimal minimally
Describing the degree of change
Page 13
Adjectives Adverbs
rapid rapidly
quick quickly
swift swiftly
sudden suddenly
steady steadily
gradual gradually
slow slowly
Describing the speed of change