Derivational process in Matbat Language
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DERIVATIONAL PROCESS IN MATBAT LANGUAGE (A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY) A Thesis Submitted as partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Bachelor Degree in English Education Departement by : Trijan E. A. Faam 20100718087 ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT THE FACULTY OF TEACHER AND EDUCATION SCIENCE
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Transcript of Derivational process in Matbat Language
DERIVATIONAL PROCESS IN MATBAT LANGUAGE
(A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY)
A Thesis
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Bachelor Degree in
English Education Departement
by :
Trijan E. A. Faam
20100718087
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
THE FACULTY OF TEACHER AND EDUCATION SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF SORONG
2015
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
Diterima dan disahkan oleh Panitia Ujian Skripsi Universitas Muhammadiyah
Sorong berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Dekan Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong Nomor : 62/D-390/FKIP/II/2016,
tanggal 19 Februari 2016 untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan guna
memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) pada Program Studi Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP) Universitas
Muhammadiyah Sorong dalam Koordinasi Kopertis Wilayah XIV.
PANITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI
PENGUJI:
1. YULIANA A., S.Pd, M.Pd (……………………………)
2. KAMALUDDIN, SS, M.M (……………………………)
3. FAUSIAH SRIYULIYANA, S.Pd, M.Pd (……………………………)
Sorong, 17 Februari 2016
KETUA SEKRETARIS
M. RUSDAN, S.Pd, M.M.PdNIDN.1212126203
FAUSIAH SRIYULIYANA, S.Pd, M.PdNIDN.1408098901
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APPROVAL SHEET
Title : DERIVATIONAL PROCESS IN MATBAT
LANGUAGE (A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY)
Scientific Writing by :
Name : Trijan E. A. Faam
NIM : 20100718087
Study Program : English Education
Faculty : Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Approved by the advisor team proposed to the Committee Of
Compressensive Examination / S1 Degree, Faculty Of Teacher Training &
Education, University Of Muhammadiyah Sorong
Sorong, 17 February 2016
Advisors:
1. Hayat M. Ohorella, S.S, M.Hum (…………………………)
2. Fausiah Sriyuliyana, S.Pd, M.Pd (…………………………)
Legalized by,The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Sorong Muhammadiyah University
M. RUSDAN, S.Pd, M.M.PdNIDN.1212126203ENDORSEMENT
3
Title : DERIVATIONAL PROCESS IN MATBAT
LANGUAGE (A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY)
Scientific Writing by :
Name : Trijan E. A. Faam
Student Number : 20100718087
Study Program : English Education
Faculty : Teacher Training and Education Faculty University
Sorong, 17 February 2016
Approved By :
Advisor I
HAYAT M. OHORELLA, S.S, M.HumNIDN.1224048001
Advisor II
FAUSIAH SRIYULIYANA, S.Pd, M.PdNIDN.1408098901
Acknowledged By :
The Chair Person of English Education Study Program
Dean of Teacher Trainingand Education Faculty
University of MuhammadiyahSorong
FAUSIAH SRIYULIYANA, S.Pd, M.PdNIDN.1408098901
M. RUSDAN, SPd, M.M . Pd NIDN.1212126203
STATEMENT SHEET
4
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:
Nama Mahasiswa : TRIJAN E. A. FAAM
NIM : 20100718087
Tempat Tanggal Lahir : Sorong, 26 – 08 - 1993
Program Study : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Universitas : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa skripsi dengan judul
“Derivational Process In Matbat Language” beserta seluruh isinya
adalah benar benar karya sendiri dan tidak melakukan
pengutipan dengan cara cara yang tidak sesuai etika yang
berlaku dalam masyarakat keilmuan. Atas pernyataan ini saya
siap menanggung sanksi apabila kemudian ditemukan
kesengajaan pelanggaran atas etika keilmuan dalam karya ini
atau ada klaim terhadap keasliannya
Sorong, 17 Februari 2016
Yang Membuat Pernyataan
5
(Trijan E. A. Faam)
ABSTRACT
TRIJAN E. A. FAAM 2015. Derivational Process in Matbat Language (Supervised By Hayat M. Ohorella and Fausiah Sriyuliyana Natsir)
Derivational process Learning aimed to master the system of word constructions. To learened second language or foreign language, the language learners usually start with learn its words class. These words mostly constructed from some elements morpheme. This case must be understood in order to the language learner avoid misplacement of these elements in sentence. Misplacement in sentence will cause misunderstanding. So, learning the word element shape to be a sentence is very important. In this resarch the writer tried to found out derivational process in Matbat language. The objective of this research was to investigate derivational process in Matbat language.
This research was held under descriptive qualitative method in wich come along with grounded theory in accordance with the existence of derivation. The data sources of this research taken from native speakers of Matbat language that exist in Sorong town. The procedures of this research the writer began with made some words lists which contain derivational process that contributing 10 words and distributed the native speakers of Matbat language. The words lists were written in Indonesian language. Those who were going to work on the work list were 4 persons. After the writer divided these words lists, the informant asked to translate these words list in Matbat language. After that the writer analyzed all of data.
The data that show derivational process in Matbat language are adjective to verb, adjective to noun, and verbs to noun.
6
ABSTRAK
TRIJAN E. A. FAAM, 2015 . Proses Derivasi Dalam Bahasa Matbat Misool (Pembimbing: Hayat M. Ohorella dan Fausiah Sriyuliyana Natsir)
Proses belajar derivasi bertujuan untuk menguasai sistem konstruksi kata. Untuk mempelajari bahasa kedua atau bahasa asing, pelajar bahasa biasanya mulai dengan mempelajari kelas kata-katanya. Kata-kata ini sebagian besar dibangun dari beberapa elemen morfem. Kasus ini harus dipahami dalam rangka untuk bahasa pembelajar menghindari salah penempatan elemen dalam kalimat. Salah penempatan dalam kalimat akan menyebabkan kesalahpahaman. Jadi, belajar bentuk kata elemen menjadi sebuah kalimat yang sangat penting. Dalam penelitian ini penulis mencoba untuk menemukan proses derivatif dalam bahasa Matbat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki proses derivatif dalam bahasa Matbat.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam yang datang bersama dengan teori membumi sesuai dengan keberadaan derivasi. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari penutur asli bahasa Matbat yang ada di kota Sorong. Prosedur penelitian ini penulis mulai dengan membuat daftar beberapa kata yang mengandung proses derivasi yang memberikan kontribusi 10 kata-kata dan membagikan penutur asli bahasa Matbat. Daftar kata-kata itu tertulis dalam bahasa Indonesia. Mereka yang akan bekerja pada daftar pekerjaan adalah 4 orang. Setelah penulis membagikan daftar kata-kata ini, informan diminta untuk menerjemahkan daftar kata-kata ini dalam bahasa Matbat. Setelah itu penulis menganalisis semua data.
Data yang menunjukkan proses derivatif dalam bahasa Matbat adalah kata sifat untuk kata kerja, kata sifat untuk nomina, dan kata kerja untuk nomina.
7
DEVOTING SHEET
MOTTO
“Takut akan Tuhan adalah permulaan pengetahuan,
Tetapi orang bodoh menghina hikmat dan didikan”
(Amsal. 1 : 7)
“One Heart, One Purpose”
(“Satu Hati, Satu Tujuan”)
Dedication
This thesis dedicated to :
My beloved parents ( Abner Faam and Sonya Lesiputty)
My brothers and sister (Jechris Faam, Jimmy Faam, and Ceria Kaisuku)
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My best friends (Alm. Dewi Puspita Ardjali, Fitria Ulfa Kencana, Khamidah, Adinan Nazil, and Nurdin Irjas)
Member of The Manly Group (La Rimun, Nurdin Irjas, David M. Mangar, Tertolianus Janjaan, Hermanus
Malakmini, Daflin, Darman B, Amos Soor, and Dance D. Refleli)
My lovely lecturer (Mr. Hayat Marwan Ohorella, Mrs. Heriyanti and Mrs. Fausiah Sriyuliyana)
My all friends in English Department especially class I, and
My all friends KKN Kelurahan Klamana
My Love Novalin Falentin Hehanussa
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For the first, I would like to say thanks to Jesus Christ
because with guidance and mercies, I can complete this thesis.
This thesis compilation is intended to fulfill one condition in
sitting for an examination strata conference 1 University of
Muhammadiyah Sorong, Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education with The Title “Derivational Process in Matbat
Language”
In finishing this thesis there are many people who have a lot
of contribution so in this chance I want to say thanks to them.
They are follows:
9
1. DR. H. Hermanto Suaib, M.M as Rector of Sorong
Muhammadiyah University that has a lot of giving wisdom
start from early to the last this lecturing
2. M. Rusdan, S.Pd, M.M.Pd as Dean of FKIP, University of
Muhammadiyah Sorong who has a lot of assisting and guiding
writer in compiling this thesis
3. The Head of Language Department, Fausiah Sriyuliana, S.Pd,
M.Pd for her support and guidance in writing this thesis
4. Hayat M. Ohorella, S.S, M.Hum, as my first advisor lecturer for
his patient guidance and corrective advice on my thesis both
in contents and language. Thanks a lot for his motivation,
advices, ideas, and kindness during writing this thesis. His
carefulness teaches the writer how to work harder and
carefully.
5. Fausiah Sriyuliyana, S.Pd.M.Pd as my second advisor lecturer
for her support and guidance in writing this thesis until of
finished, thank you mom, I love you
6. All my lecturer in FKIP University of Muhammadiyah Sorong
who have thought and guided me during the days of my
study
7. My Translater in Matbat Language to Indonesia Mr. Markus
Mjam, Mr. Efraim Mluy, Mr. Robert Edison Kaisuku, and Mr.
Absalom Mjam which has helped researchers to conduct
10
research on language Matbat in preparing the final project
(thesis).
8. Very special thanks go to my beloved parents, my Dad Mr.
Abner Faam and my Mom Mrs. Sonya Lesiputty for their love,
prayer, patience, spirit, and their advices so i can finish my
study and this thesis well.
9. My young brothers and sister Jechris Faam, Jimmy Faam and
Ceria Natalia Kaisuku for their love, prayer, care, help, and
also spirit so i can finish my study and this thesis well.
10. My cousine Bertho B. Kmur, Jekson Mluy, Hermanus Dimara,
Hendro Mambrasar, Karolina Hembring, Marini Matayane,
Angganeta Moom and Laura Moom for their love, prayer, help
and advices so i can finish my study and this thesis well.
11. My Uncles Robert Edison Kaisuku, Thomas Moom, Zefanya
Moom, Nikodemus Elona, Melkias Elona, Yesaya Moom, etc
who always prayed the presence of God Almighty to
researchers to be able to complete the final study in the form
of a thesis.
12. My Aunts Salomina Sance Runaweri, Petrosina Moom, Orpa
Boeng, Ona Yekwam, Yulia Kaisuku/Maspaitella, Herlina
Moom, Once Moom, Ancu Awom, Agustina Wakum, etc which
incessantly encourage researchers to be able to complete the
final task
11
13. My beloved friends Dewi Puspita Ardjali, Khamidah, Fitria Ulfa
Kencana, Adinan Nazil and all friends who have accompanied
and helped me to finish this thesis.
14. My beloved The Manly Group La Rimun, Nurdin Irjas, David M.
Mangar, Daflin, Darman B, Hermanus Malakmini, Tertolianus
Janjaan, Roberto Kosho, Jhon Soor, Amos Soor, and Dance D.
Refleli which always always accompany researchers in joy
and sorrow lived together, to be able to complete the final
task is to complete all the better, in order to achieve a very
valuable success in front of the parents and the surrounding
environment.
15. My Beloved KKN Kelurahan Klamana Sister Hj. Masniar, Jou,
Ilona, Rendy, Zhesty, Naomi, Liyens, Mia, Ella, Yance, Gibran,
Wiwi, Anthy, Arvin, Reman, Siska, Mas Wili, Megawati,
Hekma, Juni, Dia, Annifa, Ros, Anne, Ayu K, Yustus, Abner,
and Sidney who always provided support in the form of input
and criticism, if researchers there make mistakes in preparing
this thesis.
16. All my families who have supported me and gave me spirit to
finish this thesis.
I recognize that this study is still far from the perfect.
Therefore, it is suggested for the readers to give some
constructive criticism and suggestion to make it better.
12
Sorong, 17 February 2016
The Writer
LIST OF CONTENS
13
TITLE SHEET..........................................................................................................i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN …………………………………………………….ii
APPROVAL SHEET.................................................................................……….iii
ENDORSEMENT...................................................................................................iv
STATEMENT SHEET............................................................................................v
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................vi
DEVOTING SHEET ..viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .....................................................................................ix
LIST Of CONTENT.............................................................................................xiii
LIST OF TABLE..................................................................................................xvi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Research…………………………………………………..1
B. Research Question.......................................................................................3
C. Objective of the Research............................................................................3
D. Significance of the Research........................................................................4
E. Scope of Research........................................................................................4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study.............................................................................................5
B. Some Pertinent Ideas............................7
14
C. Conceptual Framework..............................................................................26
CHAPTER III RESEACH OF METHOD
A. Research Method and Design....................................................................27
B. Subject of the Research..............................................................................27
C. Procedure of the Research.........................................................................28
D. Instrument of the Research.......................................................................28
E. Data Analysis............................................................................................28
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings......................................................................................................31
B. Discussion..................................................................................................35
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion.................................................................................................38
B. Suggestion..................................................................................................39
BIBILIOGRAPY
APPENDIXES
CURICULUM VITAE
15
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Process Derivation of Adjective to Verb……………………..31
16
Table 4.2 Process Derivation of Adjective to Noun…………………….33
Table 4.3 Process Derivation of Verb to Noun…………………………34
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
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A. Background of the Research
Language is a means of communication between
human beings with one another, while language is someone's
identity to be known by others that he was from the area. In
language there are some studies to be observed by the
researchers, they are: Pragmatic, Syntax, Linguistics,
Semantics, and morphology. Morphology was a branch of linguistics
that studies treasury / change words. In the science of morphology is divided
into two parts, namely Inflection and derivational. on this occasion the author
examines how is derivation process in Matbat language.
Why the author doing research on derivational language Matbat
Misool, because derivation is a change of word class which added by
morphemes particular, on the other hand also the derivation shall have the
meanings is change the basic words into a word that implies / have meaning if
the word is added by morphemes as a complementary word
above the writer took the title it is Derivational Process
in Matbat Language
The examples of derivational process in Matbat language
are as follow:
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Adjective Suffix Noun
Nuhoi
(aware)
Lotem Nuhoilotem
(awareness)
Fi
(good)
Lotem Filotem
(goodness)
Morpheme is still very strange to some language
learners. However human is have already applied morphemes
in their daily comunication because each morpheme exist in
language that human use in their comunication, and
automatically to make a morpheme become a word, they
need a derivational process.
To learn second language or foreign language, the
language learner usually starts with learn its word class. It
aims to help the learners to arrange the sentence, which the
sentence is a language element that used to make
comunication, convey the idea, feeling, desire, and etc.
Every word in all language never stands alone. These
words always constructed from some elements morpheme.
This case must be understood in order to the language
learner avoid misplacement of these elements in sentence.
Misplacement in sentence will cause misunderstanding. So,
learning the word shape element to be a sentence is very
important.
19
Same with another local language, in Misool Matbat
language found derivational process. Misool are Matbat and
Macap language spoken principally on Raja Ampat especially
the island of Misool Island. In Misool Matbat language there
are many dialects, among of them are Limlas, Folley,
Tomolol, Kapacol, Magey, Aduwei, Salafen, and also Atkari
dialects. Although these languages come from the same
ethnic, but in several aspects it is very different whether it is
from phonology aspect, syntax, structure, or morphology
aspects. These differences are caused by intonation and
words structure that used by the different people.
B. Problem Statement of the Research
Based on the background above, the writer formulates a
research question as below: “How is derivational process
between adjective to verb, adjective to noun and verb to
noun in Matbat language?”
C. Objectives of the Research
Based on the problem statement, the objective of the
research was to investigate derivational process in Matbat
language.
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D. Significance of the Research
This studied was expected to be contributive on
theoretical and practical aspects. Theoretically study was
hoped to examine the theory concern of morphology, most
particularly of derivational theory. Practical study is hopefully
can be taken into granted as one of references by those who
concern on language study. This study can be used as
information by students or language learners who have been
studying about morphology.
The results of the research are expected to be useful
information for the people who want to learn structure variety
and for the English departments teachers in order that it can
be applied as a phrase book in comparison of language.
E. Scope of Research
To avoid the broader discussion, the scope of study
restricted on derivational process in Matbat language,
covering the change of words class these are: adjective to
verb, adjective to noun, and verbs to noun.
21
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study
There have been a great number of researchers who
conducted the study in line with the current issue. Kesuma
(2009) on her research ‘The Morphemic Shifts in Translation
of John Shors beneath a Marble Sky into Taj Mahal by Merhya
Rose’ explained that morphemic shifts are one of shift that
used to keep the meaning still constant in the target
language.
Morphemic shift consist of shift from morpheme to word
and morpheme to phrase and there is no shift from
morpheme to word and shift from morpheme to phrase. Shift
from morpheme to word occurred in prefix: un-, im-, re-, -dis,
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under-, out-, a-, extra-, over-, and suffix: -ing, -ly. –s, -er, -less,
-est, -ed (suffix which showed the past of the meaning form).
The morpheme which added in the beginning (prefix) and in
the end (suffix) of the word in Source Language (SL) into the
target language (TL) can be change the word class.
According to Zapata (2007: 2), in ‘Types of Words and
Word-Formation Processes in English’ explained that the
smallest units of language that have a meaning or a
grammatical function and form words or parts of words are
called morphemes. In writing, individual morphemes are
usually represented by their graphic form, or spelling; e.g., -
es, -er, un-, re-; or by their graphic form between bracers,
{ }; e.g., {-es}, {-er}, {un-}, {re-}. The branch of linguistics
in charge of studying the smallest meaningful units of
language (i.e., morphemes), their different forms, the internal
structure of words, and the processes and rules by which
words are formed is called morphology. The types of
morphemes are depending on the way morphemes occur in
an utterance, they are grouped into two large groups: free
morphemes and bound morphemes.
Aronoff and Fudeman (1997) in ‘Morphology and
Morphologycal Analysis’ argue that a major way in which
morphologists investigate words, their internal structure, and
23
how they are formed is through the identification and study of
morphemes, often defined as the smallest linguistic pieces
with a grammatical function. This definition is not meant to
include all morphemes, but it is the usual one and a good
starting point. A morpheme may consist of a word, such as
hand, or a meaningful piece of a word, such as the –ed of
looked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
Another way in which morphemes have been defined is as a
pairing between sound and meaning. We have purposely
chosen not to use this definition. Some morphemes have no
concrete form or no continuous form, as we will see, and
some do not have meanings in the conventional sense of the
term.
B. Some Pertinent Ideas
1. Definition of Morphology
Radford (2004) defines morphology is the study of
how words are formed out of smaller units (called
morphemes). Morphology is at the conceptual centre of
24
linguistics. This is not because it is the dominant sub
discipline, but because morphology is the study of word
structure, and words are at the interface between
phonology, syntax and semantics.. The same definition
also described by McCarthy (2002: 16) who said that the
area of grammar concerned with the structure of words
and with relationships between words involving the
morphemes that compose them is technically called
morphology, from the Greek word morpheme ‘form,
shape’; and morphemes can be thought of as the minimal
units of morphology.
According to Aronof and Fudeman, that in
‘Morphology and Morphological Analysis’ morph- means
‘shape, form’, and morphology is the study of form or
forms. In biology, morphology refers to the study of the
form and structure of organisms, and in geology it refers
to the study of the configuration and evolution of land
forms. In linguistics, morphology refers to the mental
system involved in word formation or to the branch of
linguistics that deals with words, their internal structure,
and how they are formed.
From the definitions above we can conclude that
morphology is branch of linguistics that studies the word
25
form, the forming process of word and also it’s changing
in forms which creates the difference in function an
meaning
2. Definition of Morpheme
According to Iriskulov (2006: 10) in ‘Theoretical
Grammar of English’ said that the smallest meaningful
unit is called morph. The morphs that have identical
meanings are grouped into one morpheme. It means the
morphs and morphemes are speech and language units
that have both form (or shape) and meanings. The
smallest meaningful unit of language is called a
morpheme while the smallest meaningful unit of speech is
called a morph. There’s a notion of allomorph in
linguistics. By allomorphs the linguists understand the
morphs that have identical meanings and that are
grouped into one morpheme. There may be another
definition of the allomorphs: the variants (or options, or
alternates) of a morpheme are called allomorphs.
In advanced discussion, Radford defined that
morpheme is smaller units of word. Furthermore, Plag
(2002) said that, we can thus decompose complex words
into their smallest meaningful units. These units are called
26
morphemes. For example, employee can be analyzed as
being composed of the verb employ and the ending -ee,
the adjective unhappy can be analyzed as being derived
from the adjective happy. By the attachment of the
element un-, and decolonialization can be segmented into
the smallest parts de-, colony, -al, -ize, and -ation.
3. Kinds of Morphemes
a. Bound and Free Morphemes
Many linguists have explained about
morpheme and they divided it into two types, namely
bound morpheme and free morpheme. The following
are explanation of morpheme according to the
linguist: According to Plag (2002), some morphemes
can occur only if attached to some other
morpheme(s). Such morphemes are called bound
morphemes, in contrast to free morphemes, which do
occur on their own. Some bound morphemes, for
example un-, must always be attached before the
central meaningful element of the word, the so-called
root, stem or base, whereas other bound
morphemes, such as -ity, -ness, or -less, must follow
the root. Using Latin-influenced terminology, un- is
27
called a prefix, -ity a suffix, with affix being the cover
term for all bound morphemes that attach to roots.
According to Zapata (2007 : 2) bound (or
dependent) morphemes are those morphemes
which never occur alone as words but as parts of
words; they must be attached to another
morpheme (usually a free morpheme) in order to
have a distinct meaning; e.g., -er in worker, -er in
taller, -s in walks, -ed in passed, re- as in reappear,
un- in unhappy, undo, ness in readiness, -able in
adjustable;-ceive in conceive, receive, -tain in
contain, obtain, etc. There are two types of bound
morphemes: bound roots and affixes.
a. Bound roots are those bound morphemes which
have lexical meaning when they are attached to
other bound morphemes to form content words;
e.g., -ceive in receive, conceive; -tain in retain,
contain; place- in implacable, placate; cran- in
cranberry, etc. Notice that bound roots can be
prefixed or suffixed to other affixes.
b. Affix the word element is added before, after or
at the root or stem (base form of a word) to
produce a new word.; e.g., -ment in
28
development, en- in enlarge; ’s in John’s; -s in
claps, -ing in studying, etc
Free or independent morphemes are those
morphemes which can occur alone as words and
have a meaning or fulfill a grammatical function;
e.g., man, run, etc. There are two types of free
morphemes.
a. Lexical (content or referential) morphemes are
free morphemes that have semantic content (or
meaning) and usually refer to a thing, quality,
state or action. For instance, in a language,
these morphemes generally take the forms of
nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs; e.g., dog,
Peter, house, build, stay, happy, intelligent,
quickly, always. Actually, lexical morphemes
constitute the larger class of morphemes. They
form the open class of words (or content words)
in a language, i.e., a class of words likely to grow
due to the incorporation of new members into it.
b. Function (al) or grammatical morphemes are
free morphemes which have little or no meaning
on their own, but which show grammatical
relationships in and between sentences. For
29
instance, in a language, these morphemes are
represented by prepositions, conjunctions,
articles, demonstratives, auxiliary verbs,
pronouns; e.g., with, but, the, this, can, who, me.
It should be said that function words are almost
always used in their unstressed form.
According to Adeniyi (2010: 9-10), a bound
morpheme is that morpheme that cannot stand or
occur as an independent word. It has to be
attached to a free morpheme or word to have a
clear meaning. Examples of bound morphemes are
–ment, -en, -ing, -ed, -ness, -ful, mis-, -anti, -less,
etc in the following free morphemes or words.
Government, encouragement, dancing, accepted,
happiness, hopeless, etc. Another name for the
bound morpheme is empty morphemes.
They can also be called grammatical
indicators because they have the tendency to
affect grammar. For example, this sentence:
The lecturer glad praised God. The omission of –
ly in glad renders the sentence ungrammatical.
Grammatically, the sentence should read, “the
lecturer gladly praised God”.
30
Most bound morphemes are grammatical or
functional elements in language. Bound
morphemes are consist of two types. Some bound
morphemes have the ability of changing word class
or forming or generating new words while others
only inflect the word they are added to.
Furthermore, according to McCarthy (2002: 18),
the morphemes in the word helpfulness, not all
have the same status. Help, -ful and -ness are not
simply strung together like beads on a string.
Rather, the core, or starting-point, for the
formation of this word is help; the morpheme -ful is
then added to form helpful, which in turn is the
basis for the formation of helpfulness. In using the
word ‘then’ here, I am not referring to the historical
sequence in which the words help, helpful and
helpfulness came into use; I am talking rather
about the structure of the word in contemporary
English – a structure that is part of the implicit
linguistic knowledge of all English speakers,
whether or not they know anything about the
history of the English language.
31
There are two reasons for calling help the core
of this word. One is that help supplies the most
precise and concrete element in its meaning,
shared by a family of related words like helper,
helpless, helplessness and unhelpful that differ
from one another in more abstract ways. Another
reason is that, of the three morphemes in
helpfulness, only help can stand on its own – that
is, only help can, in an appropriate context,
constitute an utterance by itself. That is clearly not
true of -ness, nor is it true of -ful. (Historically -ful is
indeed related to the word full, but their
divergence in modern English is evident if one
compares words like helpful and cheerful with
other words that really do contain full, such as half-
full and chock-full.) In self-explanatory fashion,
morphemes that can stand on their own are called
free, and ones that cannot are bound.
A salient characteristic of English – a respect
in which English differs from many other languages
– is that a high proportion of complex words are
like helpfulness and un-Clintonish in that they have
a free morpheme (like help and Clinton) at their
32
core. Compare the two columns of words listed at
(1), all of which consist uncontroversial of two
morphemes, separated by a hyphen:
Read- able Leg- ible
Hear- ing Audi- ence
Perform-
ance
Rend-ition
White- ness Clar-ity
Dark- en Obfusc- ate
Seek- er Applic-ant
1. Root, Affix, Combining Form
Adeniyi (2010: 13 - 14) said that the term
affixation can be defined as a morphological
process of attaching an element usually called an
affix to the root or base of a word. For example
‘courage’ is a root of a word; when –en is added to
it, it becomes encourage, and when – ment is
added to it, it becomes encouragement. Both –en
and –ment are affixes. But while –en is a prefix (an
element added to the beginning of a word), -ment
is a suffix (an element added to the end of a word).
Thus, the structural formula of a word is (P) B (S)
33
where P and S and prefix and suffix respectively
and they are both optional, B is base and it is
mandatory.
Hence, B is the free morpheme that can stand
on its own. Other examples include:
Un(P)
Comfort B
Able(S)
Un(P)
Educate B
d (S)
Dis(p)
Establish B
Ment (S)
We shall have an elaborate discussion on
affixation in morphological or word formation
processes in subsequently. According to McCarthy
(2002: 20), in the native Germanic portion of the
vocabulary, the root of a complex word is usually
free, from the non-root morphemes in the words
that we have looked at so far, those that precede
the root (like en- in enlarge) are called prefixes,
while those that follow it are called suffixes (like -
ance in performance, -ness in whiteness, and -able
in readable). We have encountered far more
suffixes than prefixes, and that is not an accident:
34
there are indeed more suffixes than prefixes in
English. An umbrella term for prefixes and suffixes
(broadly speaking, for all morphemes that are not
roots) is affix.
Only root morphemes can be free, so affixes
are necessarily bound. We have already noticed
that the morphemes -ful and -ness of helpfulness
cannot stand on their own. At this point, it may
seem to some readers that terminology is
proliferating unnecessarily. If affixes are always
bound, do not ‘bound morpheme’ and ‘affix’ mean
essentially the same thing? Likewise, if roots are
usually free, do we really need both the terms
‘root’ and ‘free morpheme’? The answer lies in the
word ‘usually’ in the previous sentence. Affixes are
indeed always bound, but it is not the case that
roots are always free. A cranberry morpheme can
be thought of as a bound root that occurs in only
one word.
We have so far encountered two main kinds of
complex word: ones with a single free root, and
ones with a single bound root. Is it the case, then,
that a word can contain no more than one root?
35
Certainly not – indeed, such words are very
common; they are compounds, already mentioned
in connection with cranberry morphemes.
Examples are bookcase, motorbike, penknife,
truck-driver.
The point of mentioning compounds again now
is that, if a complex word can be formed out of two
(or more) free roots, it is natural to ask whether a
word can contain two or more bound roots. The
answer is yes – although, in the light of the English
language’s preference for free roots, they are not
nearly as common as ordinary compounds.
Examples of words with two bound roots are
electrolysis, electros copy, microscopy, microcosm,
pachyderm, echinoderm. Other words which, like
cranberry, contain one bound and one free root are
microfilm, electrometer and Sino-Japanese
(assuming that Japanese contains the free root
Japan). It will be evident straight away that these
are mostly not words in common use; in fact, I
would expect few readers of this book to be
familiar with all of them. Unlike ordinary
compounds, these words are nearly all technical
36
terms of scientific vocabulary, coined self-
consciously out of non-English elements, mostly
from Latin and Greek. Because of the big
difference between ordinary compounds and these
learned words, and because of the non- English
character of the bound morphemes that compose
them, many linguists and dictionary-makers
classify these bound morphemes as neither affixes
nor bound roots (such as we encountered in but
place them in a special category of combining
forms.
Given that native English words generally
contain free roots, we might expect that, if a word
made up of combining forms is in common use, the
morphemes within it should tend to acquire the
status of free morphemes. This expectation turns
out to be correct. For example, the word
photograph existed, as a learned technical term
composed of combining forms, before the word
photo; but photo must now be classified as a free
morpheme. Other combining forms that have more
recently ‘acquired their freedom’ are micro- and
37
macro- (as in at a micro level or a macro scale) and
netro-, as applied to music or fashion.
b. Derivational Morpheme
a.The Understanding of Derivational
According to Zapata (2007), based on the function
affixes fulfill in the language, affixes are classified into
derivational affixes (derivational morphemes or
derivations) and inflectional affixes (inflectional
morphemes or inflections). Derivational affixes are
morphemes that create (or derive) new words, usually
by either changing the meaning and/or the part of
speech. In English, derivational morphemes can be
either prefixes or suffixes. For example, un-+ happy
(adj.) = unhappy (adj.); re-+ classify (v) = reclassify
(v.); by-+ product (n.) = by-product.
Cahyono in (Damanik, 2009:23) divides bound
morpheme into two, they are derivational morpheme
and inflectional morpheme. Derivational morpheme is
bound morpheme creating a new word by changing
either the meaning (example, happy vs unhappy) or the
38
part of speech (syntactic category, example: ripe [adj]
vs ripen [verb] or both. While inflectional morpheme is
a bound morpheme creating a different form of the
same word by changing either part of speech or
meaning, but only refine and give extra grammatical
information about the already existing meaning of a
word. For example, Cat and Cats are both nouns and
refer the same thing, but Cats with the plural
morpheme –s, contains the additional information that
there are more than one of these things.
Spencer and Zwicky (2001: 35) unlike inflectional
morphology, which specifies the grammatical functions
of words in phrases without altering their meaning,
derivational morphology or word formation is so named
because it usually results in the derivation of a new
word with new meaning.
Adeniyi (2010: 11-13) explain that a derivational
morpheme which is also called a derived morpheme is a
type of bound morpheme which generates or creates
new words by either changing the class of word or
forming new words. This change in word class, caused
by the addition of a derivational bound morpheme, is
not restricted to a particular class of words. It affects all
39
classes of words. This transformation does not,
however, affect the lexical meaning of the base forms
of the free morpheme. That is, the lexical meanings of
the core or base or free morpheme remain unchanged.
These examples of derivational are common in the
English language:
1. Verbs to Nouns
Verb suffix
Noun
break age Breakagegovern ment Governme
ntPay Ee Payee
2. Adjectives to Nouns
Adjectiv
e
Suffix Noun
rapid ity Rapidity
kind ness Kindnes
s
fragrant ce Fragranc
40
e
humble ity Humility
3. Adjectives to Verbs
Adjectiv
e
Suffix Verb
weak En Weaken
liquid Ize Liquidiz
e
solid Fy Solidify
Furthermore, it is also explained that, derivational
bound morpheme has features as follows:
41
1) They change the meaning or word class e.g govern +
ment government.
2) They indicate semantic relations in words e.g. the
morpheme – ful in hopeful does not relate to any
other word in the language except the free
morpheme hopeful.
3) It operates a close circuit kind of relationship. For
example, some bound morphemes like ‘hood’
carefully choose their root; they do not collocate with
every other word in the language.
4) It occurs before the inflectional bound morphemes
they should co-occur. For example, teach + er
teacher + s teachers (verb) (bound morpheme) (a
new word) inflectional Thus, ‘er’ comes before ‘s’.
In the examples given above, the derivational
morphemes resulted in a change from one word class to
the other. This is what derivational morphology is all
about
b.Kinds of Derivation
According to Spencer and Zwicky (2001:43-46),
derivation refers to any process which results in the
creation of a new word. Some types of derivation do not
fit into derivational paradigms. It is well known that
42
words may be missing analyzed when a phonological
sequence identical with that of an affix is misperceived
as that affix. The result is that a previously nonexistent
underlying base is extracted and added to the
permanent lexical store via a process known as back
formation. They also categorized the characterization
partially fits several other types of word formation
which need to be distinguished from regular,
grammatically determined derivation in two types, they
are:
1.Featural Derivation
Featural derivation does not change the
category of the underlying base, but operates on the
values of inherent features. In most languages which
support natural gender, the default or unmarked form
is masculine. A convenient technical notation of the
fact that unmarked as masculine nouns may refer to
males or femalesis [+Feminine, +Masculine]. This
requires a Jakobsonian principle of markedness
whereby in cases of conflict, the surface realization
will default to that of the unmarked category,
masculine. Thus the Russian noun student ‘student’
43
may refer to females or males, but all grammatical
agreement will be the same as purely masculine
nouns like brat ‘brother’, otec ‘father’, which cannot
refer to females.
Default masculines like student differ from pure
masculines in that they are susceptible to
feminization. This requires some rule on the order of
student(ø) →student-k(a) which converts the default
masculine noun into a purely feminine one and marks
this fact by transferring the base from declension I,
marked in the nominative by -ø, to declension II,
marked in the nominative by -a. All that is required
grammatically and semantically of this rule is the
toggling of the masculine feature from positive to
negative: that is: [+Feminine + Masculine] →
[+Feminine - Masculine].
Converts the lexical description of the base from
unmarked masculine to marked feminine like the
purely feminine nouns sestra ‘sister’ and mat’
‘mother’, which may refer only to females and not to
males. The addition of any feature [+Feminine] would
be inappropriate since applies only to nouns with
44
natural gender: that is, those which inherently
(lexically) possess lexical gender features.
2.Functional Derivation
Kuryłowicz in (Spencer and Zwicky, 2001: 45)
said that first distinguished rules which add features
to the underlying base from those which merely
change its category. For example: (a) recruit: recruit-
er, (b) recruit: recruit-ee, (c) bake: bak-ery.
Kuryłowicz referred to this type of derivation as
“derivation lexical,” because the derivate differed
semantically from its base.
3.Transposition
According to Marchand in (Spencer and Zwicky,
2001: 46) said that another type of derivation which
reflects a simple change of category without any
functional change is transposition, for examples:
a. walk: walk-ing (V → N),
b. new: new-ness (A → N),
c. budget: budget-ary (N → A)
45
Transposition introduces no argument structure,
but simply shifts a stem from one category to
another, sometimes marking the fact affixally,
sometimes not. The definition of dryness must
coincide with that of dry in all essential respects,
since, unlike bake and baker; its reference is identical
to that of its base. The same is true of all the
relations represented in (9). Whether transpositions
are marked by real or zero affixation is a separate
issue, bound up with the general issue of the nature
of zero morphology.
4.Expressive Derivation
Expressive derivation does not change the
referential scope of its input; however, expressive
derivation also does not change the lexical category
of the base. As The formal variation reflects
subjective perceptions of the speaker whether he
perceives the rain to be relatively light, beneficial, or
pleasant.
There is no obvious means of relegating
expressive derivation to any of the other three types.
The categories involved are not found elsewhere in
46
grammar as are functional categories, nor are they
inherent lexical categories like gender. Since
expressive derivation does not involve a category
change, it cannot be a form of transposition. It
therefore remains mysterious in many respects.
C. Conceptual Framework
47
This study was initially started by having some
understanding on English Morphology theory or concept. This
reveals a pre- input to analyze contrastively such derivation
process in Matbat language.the description of how this study
conducted is represent in the following chapture:
Figure 2.1: Conceptual Framework
48
Morphology
Morpheme
Bound Morpheme
Free Morpheme
Derivation Inflection
Affixation
Derivational Process in Matbat
language
Pure Linguistics
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Research Method and Design
In this research, the writer used descriptive qualitative
method. According to Beverley (1998), Qualitative research is
concerned with developing explanations of social
phenomena. That is to say, it aims to help us to understand
the world in which we live and why things are the way they
are.
This research has designed into natural linguistics which
explored derivational process in Matbat language. All data
was taken objectively and based on the fact or phenomena
empirically. So, it absolutely describes factual and natural
data obtained in the field.
B. Subject of Research
The sources of data in this research will be taken from
native speakers of Matbat language. The criteria of
informants in this research are:
a) Native Speaker
49
b) Interviewer
C. Procedure of Research
In this way, writer made some words lists which contain
derivational process that contributing 10 words and
distributed the native speakers of Matbat language. The
words lists were written in Indonesian language. Those who
were going to work on the work list were 04 persons. After
the writer divided these words lists, the informant asked to
translate these words list in Matbat language. After that the
writer analyzed all of data.
D. Instrument of Research
Instruments used in conducting this study is a list of words
in the language Matbat and informants are natives Matbat
rate as the main instrument of qualitative research
E. Data Analysis
To analyze the data, the writer would like to employ Miles
and Huberman’s( 1984 ) Qualitative Data Analysis such as:
50
Miles and Huberman (Emzir, 2010) states that there are three kinds of
qualitative data analysis activities, namely:
1. Data Reduction
The data obtained in the field is quite a lot, it is necessary to note carefully
and in detail. Data reduction means: summarizing, choose the basic things,
focus on things that are important, look for themes and patterns and
discard unnecessary. Reduced data will give a clear picture and facilitate
researchers to conduct further data collection, and look for it when needed.
Data reduction can be assisted by an electronic device such as a computer,
to give the code on certain aspects. With the reduction, the researchers
summarize, pick up important data, make categorization, based uppercase,
lowercase letters and numbers. Data that is not important discarded.
2. Data Display
Once the data is reduced, then the next step is mendisplaykan data.Display
data in qualitative research can be done in the form of: a brief description,
the chart, the relationship between categories, flowchart and so on. Miles
and Huberman (1984) states: "the most frequent form of qualitative
research data display for the data in the fitting has been narative tex"
means: that is most often used to present data in qualitative research with
narrative text. In addition in the form of a narrative, the data display can
also be a graph, matrix, network (networks). Social phenomena are
complex, and dynamic so that what is found when entering the field and
after the last for a while in the field will experience growth data.
51
Researchers should always examine what has been discovered at the time
of entering a field that is still hypothetical it develops or not. If after a long
time to enter the field turns always supported the hypothesis formulated at
the time the data were collected in the field, then the hypothesis is proven
and will evolve into a grounded theory. Grounded theory is a theory that
found inductively, based on the data found in the field, and then tested
through ongoing data collection. When the patterns were found to have
been supported by the data for the study, then the pattern into a standard
pattern that is no longer changed. The pattern is further didisplaykan in the
final report of the study.
3. Withdrawal / Verification Conclusion
The third step is the conclusion and verification. Preliminary conclusions
presented are still provisional, and will change if not found strong
evidence that supports the next stage of data collection. But if the
conclusion was supported by evidence that is valid and consistent when
researchers returned to the field to collect data, the conclusions put
forward a credible conclusion (trustworthy).
Conclusions in qualitative research may be able to answer the problem
formulation formulated from the beginning, but maybe not, because of the
problem and the problem in qualitative research is still tentative and will
be developed after research in the field. Conclusion expected in qualitative
research is a new finding that had not been there. The findings could be a
52
description or picture of an object that previously were not clear, so that
after the investigation became clear.
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Finding
This chapter explains about derivational process that
found in Matbat Misool language. It was analyzed based on
morphology, specifically about morpheme that has function
to change the word class. To analyze the data, the writer
made the list of words. To describe it the writer used
qualitative method. The data that show derivational process
in Matbat Misool language were as follow:
1.Derivation of Adjective to verb
Table 4.1Process Derivation of Adjective to Verb
53
NoAdjective
Prefix
InfixSuffix Verb
1MtoMany
Laponpo
MtolaponpoIncrease
2Tacokstupid
LotemTacoklotemStupidity
3Lekbroken
Beheu-LekbeheuBreak
4Matipdark
HeuMatipheuDarken
5Manetstrong Befi-
ManetbefiStrengthen
6Poncasecure
HaPonhacaSecure
7Msiublack
Befi-MsiubefiBlacken
8Kurunminimal Lotem
KurunlotemMinimize
9
Hakalitchy
Lilotem
Hakallilotemmake someone itchy
10MtolonTrue
FaFamtolonCorrect
54
2.Derivation of Adjective to Noun
Table 4.2 Process Derivation of Adjective to Noun
No Adjective Suffix Noun
1BarasiClean
Lotem-BarasilotemCleanliness
2MlomClear
De-MlondeClarity
3KamlotCool
De-KamlotdeCoolness
4FiGood
Lotem-Filotemgoodness
5 Hannang Lotem- Hannan
55
HappyglotemHappiness
6MnaFat
Lotem-MnalotemFatness
7JuromBrave
De-JuromdeBravery
8CapBeautiful
Lotem-Caplotembeautifulness
9ManetStrong
Lotem-ManetlotemStrength
10TacokStupid
Lotem-TacoklotemStupidity
3.Derivation of Verb to Noun
In Matbat language, there were two ways to consntruct
noun from verb. They are as follow:
Table 4.3 Process Derivation of Verb to Noun
No Verb Prefix Noun
1SoiSureender
Hi-HiSoiSurrendered
2MuRid
Hi-HiMuRiddance
3JeiAssist
Hi-HijeiAssistance
56
4FakainMarry
Hi-HiFakainhiMarriage
5TandangWalk
Hi-HiTandangWalked
6PasuDesire
Hi-HiPasuDesired
7HagatDevise
Hi-HiHagatDevised
8FonAdd
Hi-HiFonAddtion
9HengObserve
Hi-HiHengObserve
10BinInform
Hi-HiBinInformation
B. Discussion
In here, the writer discussed the data that found about
derivational process in Matbat language
1.Derivation of Adjective to Verb
In Matbat language, derivation of adjective to verb is
constructed by adding morpheme ”laponpo, lotem, beheu,
heu, befi, etc“ at the enddig of adjective to form verb. For
example the words: Mtolaponpo (increase), tacoklotem
57
(fool), Lekbeheu (break), Matipheu (darken), Msiubefi
(blacken), etc.
Morpheme “laponpo, lotem, beheu, heu, befi “ was
bound and the words that attached on it are free
morphemes, like the words tacok, lek, fi.. It is distinguished
with derivation of adjective to verb in English is by
attaching morpheme –en in the end of root adjective. For
examples, weaken, blacken, darken, broaden, shorten etc.
Beside morpheme -en, to construct derivation of adjective
to verb, in English is also exist morpheme –ize in the end of
adjective, as the examples are minimize, and also suffix fy
for example is beautify, etc (Adeneyi, 2010: 11). These
words are constructed on two morphemes, namely free
morpheme and bound morpheme. The free morphemes are
weak, black, dark, broad, minimal, and beautiful, while the
bound morphemes are:-en,–ize, and -fy which attach in the
end of the adjective.
The distinguished derivation of adjective to verb; in
English, we can find morpheme-en, -ly in the end of
adjective (prefix). These adjectives have listed in the
dictionary. For example the words; , weaken, blacken,
darken, sturdily, vastly, and pleasantly . In Matbat
language, to construct verb from adjective just can be done
58
by attaching morpheme laponpo in the endding of
adjective, for examples are mtolaponpo (increase),
tacoklotem (fool), lekbeheu (break), matipheu (darken),
msiubefi (blacken), etc
2.Derivation of Adjective to Noun
In Matbat language, derivation of adjective to noun is
constructed by adding morpheme ”lotem“ and “de” in the
endding of adjective (suffix). For examples, the words:
kamlotde (coolness), mlonde (clarity), tacoklotem
(stupidity), hannanglotem (happiness), etc. Suffix “de,
lotem“is bound morpheme, while the words that attached
on it are free morphemes, like the words kamlot, mlon,
hannang, tacok, etc.
It is different with English derivation of adjective to
noun. In English, it is constructed by attaching morphemes
“–ness, -ity, and –ing” in the end of adjective (suffix) like
the words: foolishness, badness, darkness, security, etc
(Adeneyi, 2010: 11). These words are constructed by two
morphemes, namely free morpheme and bound
morpheme. The free morphemes are the words foolish,
bad, dark, black, secure, etc. while bound morpheme is –
59
ness, -ity, and -ing. It is difference with derivation of
adjective to noun in Matbat language.
3.Derivation of Verb to Noun
In Matbat language, to build a derivation of the verb to
noun is by adding bound morpheme “Hi” at the beginning
of the verb to form a noun, for example the words
Hifakainhi (marriage), Himu (riddance), etc. It is very
different from the derivational process in English. In
English, derivation of verb to object morpheme is added at
the end of the verb.
60
BAB V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Having analyzed the data in the previous chapter, the
writer concluded that derivational process in Matbat language
are reflected by some derivations such as: 1) adjective to
verb that constructed by adding morpheme laponpo, lotem,
heu, and beheu for examples: mtolaponpo (increase),
tacoklotem ( fool), lekbeheu (break), matipheu (darken),etc.
2) Adjective to noun that constructed by adding morpheme
de,lotem, for examples are the words barasilotem
(cleanliness), juromde (bravery), caplotem
(beautifuliness)etc. 6) verb to noun that constructed by
adding morpheme morpheme hi, for examples are hifakainhi
(marriage), himu (riddance),etc.
So, constructions derivational process in Matbat
language are morphemes laponpo, lotem, heu and beheu
(for adjective to verb), morpheme de, lotem(for adjective to
noun), and also morphemes hi (for verb to noun.)
61
B. Suggestions
The result of this study expected can be useful for the
readers to increase their understanding about derivational
process in Matbat language. It is also hoped that this study
will be useful to other researchers related with derivation
aspects such as morphology.
The writer recognizes that this study is still far from the
perfect. Therefore it is suggested for the readers to give
some constructive criticism and suggestion to make it better.
62
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Safi(1998) in his book “Translation Theories, Strategies and Basic Theoretical Issues Introspection Technique. Petra University
Spencer and Zwicky. 2001. The Handbook of Morphology. Standford University, and Ohio State University
Talmy, Leonard. 2007. Foreword [comparing introspection with other methodologies. University at Bufallo, State of University of New York
Zapata. 2007. Types of Words and Word-Formation Processes in English. Universidad de Los Andes
APPEND
64
IXES
Adjective to Verb
Nama : Markus Mjam
Jenis kelamin : Laki-Laki
Umur : 60 thn
1. Banyak (Mto) Memperbanyak
(Mtolaponpo)
2. Bodoh (Tacok) Membodohi
(Tacoklotem)
3. Rusak (Lek) Merusak
(Lekbeheu)
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4. Gelap (Matip) Menggelapkan
(Matipheu)
5. Kuat (Manet) Memperkuat
(Manetbefi)
6. Aman (Ponca) Mengamankan
(Poncaha)
7. Hitam (Msiu) Menghitamkan
(Msiubefi)
8. Rendah (Kurun) Merendahkan
(Kurunlotem)
9. Gatal (Hakal) Mengatalkan
(Hakallilotem)
10. Benar (Mtolon) Membenarkan
(Famtolon)
Adjective to Noun
Nama : Robert E. Kaisuku
jenis kelamin : Laki-laki
66
umur : 47 thn
1. Bersih (Barasi) Kebersihan
(Barasilotem)
2. Jelas (Mlon) Kejelasan
(Mlonde)
3. Sejuk (Kamlot) Kesejukan (Kamlotde)
4. Baik (Fi) Kebaikan (Filotem)
5. Senang (Hannang) Kesenangan
(Hannanglotem)
6. Gemuk (Mna) Kegemukan(Mnalotem)
7. Berani (Jurom) Keberanian
(Juromde)
8. Cantik (Cap) Kecantikan (Caplotem)
9. Kuat (Manet) Kekuatan (Manetlotem)
10.Bodoh (Tacok) Kebodohan
(Tacoklotem)
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Verb to Noun
Nama : Markus Mjam
Jenis kelamin : Laki-Laki
Umur : 60 thn
1. Menyerahkan (Soi) Penyerahan (Hisoi)
2. Membersihkan (Mu) Pembersihan (Himui)
3. Menolong (Jei) Pertolongan (Hijei)
4. Menikah (Fakain) Pernikahan (Hifakainhi)
5. Berjalan (Tandang) Perjalanan
(Hitandang)
6. Menginginkan (Pasu) Keinginan (Hipasu)
7. Merencanakan (Hagat) Perencanaan (Hihagat)
8. Menambah (Fon) Penambahan
(Hifon)
9. Meninjau (Heng) Peninjau
(Hiheng)
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10. Memberitahu (Bin) Pemberitahuan (Hibin)
CURICULUM VITAE:
Trijan E. A. Faam was born in Sorong on August 26th 1990. He is the first child of four brothers from his parents, Abner Faam and Sonya Lesiputty. He started his education at SD YPK Ebenhaezer Limalas in 1998 until 2004.
He continued his study in SMP Negeri 15 Folley in 2004 until 2007.
After he graduated from junior high school in Foley Raja Ampat district in 2007, the same year in June, he moved to the city of Sorong to continue his studies in SMA Negeri 2 Kota Sorong and he completed his studies in 2010
In the same year, and then in 2010 he continued his study at English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah Sorong University.
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