Depression And Anxiety

Presented By

Abdul Mateen Khan

Presented To

Sir Qaisar Khalid

Mahmood

What is Depression?

Depression is a condition that affects

the mind and the body .

It is a very common,

highly treatable, medical illness .

It as well affects

physical, mental and emotional

well being .

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety is a feeling of fear, worry and uneasiness .

It is often accompanied by muscular tension, restlessness and problems in concentration .

Anxiety is not the same as fear which is an immediate threat whereas it is the expectations of future threat .

Depression & Anxiety

What are the types of depression and anxiety?

Depression

• Major Depression

• Minor Depression

• Psychotic Depression

• Postpartum Depression

• Situational Depression

• Seasonal affective disorder

Anxiety

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• Panic Disorder

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

• Social Phobia

• Specific Phobia

Signs and Symptoms of Clinical Depression

Physical:

•Sleep disturbances-insomnia, oversleeping, waking up early

•Changes in appetite or eating: much more or much less

•Decreased energy, fatigue (exhausted)

•Headaches, stomachaches, digestive problems unexplained

Behavioral/Attitude:

•Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed, such as going out with friends, hobbies, sports, sex, etc.

•Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions

•Neglecting responsibilities or personal appearance

Emotional:

•Persistent sad or "empty" mood, lasting two or more weeks

•Crying "for no reason"

•Feeling hopeless, helpless, guilty or worthless

•Feeling irritable, agitated or anxious

•Thoughts of death or suicide

Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety

Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness

Shortness of breath

Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet

Muscle tension

Diagnosis, tests and evaluation

• See a doctor

• Rule out all other possibilities

• Physical examination, interview, and lab tests can be used

• Complete history of symptoms

Depression

• See a doctor

• Interview to discus health history to rule out all other possibilities .

• If symptoms are positive patient will be referred to psychiatrist or psychologist for special diagnosing .

• Diagnosis is based on duration and intensity of symptoms .

Anxiety

Complications

Depression

• Alcohol abuse

• Substance abuse

• Anxiety

• Work or school problems

• Family conflicts

• Relationship difficulties

• Social isolation

• Suicide

• Self-mutilation, such as cutting

• Premature death from other medical conditions

Anxiety

• Depression

• Substance abuse

• Trouble sleeping (insomnia)

• Digestive or bowel problems

• Headaches

• Teeth grinding (bruxism)

• Substance use disorders

DepressionTreatments & medications

• Fluoxetine (Prozac)

• Citalopram(Celexa)

• Sertraline (Zoloft)

• Paroxetine (Paxil)

• Escitalopram (Lexapro)

• Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

The newest and most popular types of antidepressant

medications include:

•Venlafaxine (Effexor)

•Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

Serotonin and nor epinephrine

reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are similar to SSRIs and include:

Alternative Treatments

Psychotherapy- “Talk therapy“

Two main types of psychotherapies-cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT)-have been shown to be effective in treating depression by teaching new ways of thinking and behaving.

•Electroconvulsive therapy- ”Shock therapy"

Can provide relief for people with severe depression who have not been able to feel better with other treatments.

•St. John’s Wart- Top-selling botanical product in US

A trial found that St. John’s wart was no more effective than the placebo in treating major depression. Still performing clinical trials to see the benefits on minor depression.

Anxiety Treatments/medications

Medication: Drugs used to reduce the symptoms of anxiety disorders include anti-depressants and anxiety-reducing drugs.

Psychotherapy: Dealing with their disorder.

Relaxation therapy

• If untreated, depression leads to suicide in about 15% of the people it affects.

• Depression is the leading cause of disability and premature death in adults and is predicted to be the second leading cause of disability in people of all ages by the year 2020.

• Anxiety affects over 40 million Americans each year (18+ yrs. old)

Just to think about….

Effects of training on disease or patient with disease…

Improved mood

Improved self-concept

Improved work behavior

Decreased depression and anxiety

Improved social networks

Conclusions

Women are twice as likely to be affected as men by depression and anxiety.

Together they cost $125+ billion per year

Can become life threatening if untreated

Special considerations much be made when planning exercise testing (should be enjoyed)

Medications (side effects) must be documented to plan testing and exercises programs accordingly.

Regular exercise is extremely beneficial for patients with depression and anxiety.

Thank you So Much

The End