Depressant Drugs

8/13/2019 Depressant Drugs

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DEPRESSANT DRUGS

DEPRESSANT DRUGS (DOWNERS)

This drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of brain or central nervous

system with the resulting impairment of judgment, hearing, speech, and masculine coordination.They pull the minds slow down the body reactions to such an extent that accidental deaths, and or

suicidal usually happen. They include the narcotics barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol and other

volatile solvents. These drugs, when taken in, generally decrease both mental and physical

activities of the body. They cause depression, relieve pain and induce sedition or sleep and

suppress cough.

Types of depressant drugs

1. NARCOTCS

The term nar!ot"!(n r ktk, fromancient !reek"#$%nark, &' benumb& originallyreferred medically to anypsychoactivecompound with any sleep)inducing properties. *n

the +nited tates it has since become associated with opioids,

commonly morphineandheroin and their derivatives, such ashydrocodone. The term is, today,

imprecisely defined and typically has negative connotations, -hen used in a legal context in the

+.., anarcoticdrug is simply one that is totally prohibited, or one that is used in violation of

strict governmental regulation, such as heroin or morphine.

rom a pharmacological standpoint it is not a useful term, as is evidenced by the fact that spirit

and wine are classified differently due to their intoxicating power/ while the narcotic principle to

opium and tobacco imparts similar properties. *n popular language, alcohol is classed among the

stimulants/ and opium and tobacco among the narcotics/ which are substances whose ultimateeffect upon the animal system is to produce torpor and insensibility/ but taken in small quantities

they at first exhilarate. 0nd since alcohol does the same, most medical writers, at the present day,

class it among the narcotics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoactive_drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoactive_drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodone


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Onset and durat"on of a!t"on of nar!ot"! drugs

C#ASS $ %EC&ANS% O'

ACTON

DOSNG GUDE#NES( AD%NSTRATON) ONSET PEA* E''ECT AND

DURATON O' ACTON

1pioid narcotic (2inds to opioid

receptors in the 34

0dults 56 ) 78 years of age9 :; ) ;


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4. se of narcotics leads to s!read of "#$S virus when an infected addict shares needles with

and uninfected addict.

%. $rug addicts have !oor social relations and are sometimes res!onsible for many unlawful

activities. $rug addicts commit crimes to get money for !urchasing drugs, which are

available at very high !rices.

&. $rug addicts have generally very !oor health. 'hey do not eat well.

WT&DRAWA# S+%TO%S O' NARCOTC DRUGS

,"t-dra,a sy/pto/s "n!ude0

Gow energy, *rritability, 0nxiety, 0gitation, *nsomnia

Hunny nose, Teary eyes

Cot and cold sweats, !oose bumps

Iawning

Duscle aches and pains

0bdominal cramping, 4ausea, Jomiting, Aiarrhea

SDE E''ECT O' T&E OD+2 DSADANTAGES O' T&E AUSE O' NARCOC DRUGS

CO%%ON SDE E''ECT O' NARCOTC DRUGS

4arcotics are medications used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. They may be used for

chronic pain, illness or for pain management after a surgical procedure. Dany narcotic medications

are mixed with other medications, such as acetaminophen for strong pain relief. 4arcotic analgesics

act in the central nervous system (34 to relieve pain, states the Dayo 3linic. There are some

common side effects of narcotic drugs that users should be aware of.

1. D"33"ness and Dro,s"ness

Iou may experience dizziness and drowsiness while taking a narcotic medication. ome users may

also feel lightheaded. These side effects should lessen over time as your body adjusts to the

medication. Taking your medication with food may lessen these side effects. Iou should use caution

while driving or operating hazardous machinery until you know how your medication will affect you.

*f these side effects persist, and you are unable to complete daily activities, speak to your health careprovider.

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2.Nausea and Vomiting

4ausea and vomiting are common side effects of narcotics. Iou should take your medication with

food or milk to reduce gastrointestinal effects. *t is possible that after taking your medication for a few

days, your nausea and vomiting will subside. This occurs as your body adjusts to your medicine.
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mall dietary changes may influence these side effects. The avoidance of spicy or fatty foods and the

consumption of smaller meals, spaced throughout the day, may help relieve nausea and vomiting. *f

you experience severe vomiting, however, contact your physician. Iou may be at risk for becoming

dehydrated. Iour doctor may alter your medication regimen.

3.Headache and Fatigue

Ceadache and fatigue are common side effects of narcotic medications. Iou may feel more sleepy and

weak than usual. Ceadache and fatigue should diminish over time as your body adjusts to yourmedication.

4.Tolerance and Addiction

Tolerance and addiction may occur as a side effect of narcotic use. -hen narcotics are used for a long

time, your body might get used to them and need larger amounts to relieve pain, reports the Dayo

3linic. This is known as &tolerance.& The longer you take your medication, the higher the likelihood

that you will develop tolerance. urther, some people become addicted to narcotic pain medication.

Iou are more likely to develop an addiction to your medication if you have had a problem with

medication addiction in the past. *f you feel you might be developing tolerance or an addiction to your

medication, speak to your health care provider. The earlier you recognize the problem, the easier it

will be to resolve.

5 Constipation

Iou may experience constipation while taking narcotic medications. These drugs slow your

gastrointestinal tract, making it easier for you to become constipated. Try adding additional fruits,vegetables and fiber into your diet and drinking at least eight to 5< glasses of water each day. These

dietary changes may help relieve constipation. *f these changes do not alleviate constipation, ask your

physician if you can take an over)the)counter stool softener, such as 3olace, for relief.

4. OPU%

Op"u/(poppy tears, lachryma papaveris is the driedlatexobtained from the opium

poppy (Papaver somniferum. 1pium contains approximately 5:Lmorphine, analkaloid,which is

frequently processed chemically to produce heroinfor theillegal drug trade.The latex also includes

the alkaloid codeineand its similarly structured cousin thebaine. *t also contains non)

analgesic alkaloidssuch aspapaverineandnoscapine.The traditional, labor)intensive, method of

obtaining the latex is to scratch (&score& the immature seed pods (fruits by hand/ the latex leaks out

and dries to a sticky yellowish residue that is later scraped off, and dehydrated. The word &meconium&

(derived from the !reek for &opium)like&, but now used to refer to infant stools historically referred

to related, weaker preparations made from other parts of the poppy or different species of poppies.M5N

The production of opium itself has not changed since ancient times. Through selective breeding of

thePapaver somniferumplant, the content of thephenanthrene alkaloids morphine, codeine, and to a

lesser extent thebaine, has been greatly increased. *n modern times, much of the thebaine, which often

serves as the raw material for the synthesis forhydrocodone,hydromorphone, and other semi)syntheticopiates, originates from extractingPapaver orientaleorPapaver bracteatum.

1pium for illegal use is often converted into heroin, which is less bulky, making it easier to smuggle,

and which multiplies its potency to approximately twice that of morphine. Ceroin can be taken orally,

by intravenous injection,intranasally, or smoked (vaporized and inhaled.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_somniferumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_somniferumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_tradehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thebainehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaverinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noscapinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meconiumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenanthrenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromorphonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-synthetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-synthetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_orientalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_orientalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_orientalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_bracteatumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_bracteatumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_bracteatumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smugglinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_injectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insufflation_(medicine)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_somniferumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_somniferumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_tradehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thebainehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaverinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noscapinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meconiumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenanthrenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromorphonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-synthetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-synthetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_orientalehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_bracteatumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smugglinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_injectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insufflation_(medicine)


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Co//on street na/es of op"u/

A-bomb Marijuana cigarette with heroin or opium

Ah-pen-yen Opium

Aunti Opium

Aunti Emma Opium

Back jack Injecting opium; to inject a drug

Big O Opium

Black Marijuana; opium; methamphetamine

Black hash Opium mixed with hashish

Black pill Opium pill

Black ussian Opium mixed with hashish

Black stu!! "eroin; opium

Buddha #otent marijuana spiked with opium

$handoo%chandu Opium

$hillum An object used to smoke opium& hashish& and marijuana

$hinese molasses Opium

$hinese tobacco Opium

$hocolate Marijuana; opium; amphetamine

$ru' ()panish* Opium !rom +eracru'& Mexico

,opium Opium

,oer.s deck Opium

,oer.s powder Opium

,ream gun Opium

,ream stick Opium

,reams Opium

Easing powder Opium


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/i-do-nie Opium

0ee Opium

0od.s medicine Opium

0oma ()panish* Black tar heroin plus opium

0ondola Opium

0ong Marijuana; opium

0oric Opium

0reat tobacco Opium

0um Opium; methylenedioxymethamphetamine (M,MA*

0uma Opium

"ard stu!! "eroin; opium

"ocus Marijuana; opium

"op%hops Opium

Indonesian bud Marijuana; opium

1oy plant Opium

Midnight oil Opium

Mira ()panish* Opium

Mud "eroin plus opium

O Opium

O2#2 Opium

Ope Opium

#en yan Opium

#in gon Opium

#in yen Opium

#ox Opium

)kee Opium

3ar $rack and heroin smoked together; heroin; opium

3oxy Opium

3oys Opium

4hen-shee Opium

5en )hee )uey Opium wine


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6e Opium

6ero Opium

%EDCA# E''ECT O' OPU%

1pium was commonly used as an analgesic until the development of morphine. Dorphine continues to

be prescribed for relief of severe pain, but fears of its addictive potential have limited its use.

Gaudanum was used in the 56


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Jomiting

Aiarrhea

Goss of appetite

0nxiety

Dood swings

*nsomnia

Aepression

Twitching muscles

5. %ORP&NE

a white crystalline alkaloid derived from the opium poppy,Papaver somniferum,the source of its

principal pharmacologic activity. Dorphine acts on the central nervous system to produce both

depression and euphoric stimulation, effects that are mediated through its stimulation of mu opioidreceptors. timulation of mu receptors exerts effects that depress nerve impulse transmission. =ven in

small amounts morphine depresses the respiratory system. Du receptorsF activation in some instances

inhibits the transmission of inhibitory impulses, thereby causing stimulation. =xamples of this include

the euphoric response and constriction of the pupils by the third cranial nerve. Dorphine has a marked

analgesic effect because of its stimulation of mu receptors in both the brain and spinal cord, and its

principal therapeutic value is for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Dorphine rarely provides total

relief of pain, but in most cases it reduces the level of suffering. @atients with severe pain may become

drowsy and relaxed but seldom achieve the sensation of euphoria associated with use of the drug.

Dorphine is often given parenterally because its rapid absorption following oral administration is

followed by rapid first)pass metabolism to an inactive glucuronide (oral bioavailability ranges from5?L to BBL. Hepeated use of morphine leads to tolerance, necessitating increased dosage levels to

get the same degree of pain relief.

0n analgesic and narcotic drug, 35?C5O41B, obtained from opium and used medicinally to relieve

pain.

Dorphine is an opioid pain medication. 0n opioid is sometimes called a narcotic.p>

Dorphine is used to treat moderate to severe pain. hort)acting forumations are taken as needed for

pain. =xtended)release morphine is for use when around)the)clock pain relief is needed.

%orp-"ne(*44 (m r

fin/%S Cont"n, %SR, A6"n3a, *ad"an, Ora/orp-, Ro7ano, *apanois apotent opiate analgesic drugthat is used to relieve severe pain. *t was first isolated in 56


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. *ts duration of analgesia is about BQ8 hours when administered via the intravenous,subcutaneous,

orintramuscularroute and BQ7 hours when given by mouth.

CO%%ON STREET NA%ES O' %ORP&NE

Auramorph,

D,

Diss =mma,

Donkey,

Hoxanol

and -hite tuff.

%EDCA# E''ECT O' %ORP&NE

Dorphine is primarily used to treat both acute and chronic severepain. *t is also used for pain due

to myocardial infarction and for labor pains. There are however concerns that morphine may increase

mortality in the setting ofnon T elevation myocardial infarction.Dorphine has also traditionally

been used in the treatment of the acute pulmonary edema0 :


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0nxiety

3onstipation

WT&DRAWA# S+%TO%S O' %ORP&NE

3essation of dosing with morphine creates the prototypical opioid withdrawal syndrome, which,

unlike that ofbarbiturates,benzodiazepines, alcohol, or sedative)hypnotics, is not fatal by itself in

neurologically healthy patients without heart or lung problems.

0cute morphine along with and other opioid withdrawal proceeds through a number of stages. 1ther

opioids differ in the intensity and length of each, and weak opioids and mixed agonist)antagonists may

have acute withdrawal syndromes that do not reach the highest level. 0s commonly citedthey are9

Stage 9 ix to fourteen hours after last dose9 Arug craving, anxiety, irritability, perspiration,

and mild to moderatedysphoria.

Stage 9 ourteen to eighteen hours after last dose9 Iawning, heavy perspiration, milddepression, lacrimation, crying, running nose,dysphoria, also intensification of the above

symptoms. &yen sleep& (a waking trance)like stateMclarification neededN

Stage 9 ixteen to twenty)four hours after last dose9 Hhinorrhea(runny nose and increase

in other of the above, dilated pupils, piloerection (goose bumps, muscle twitches, hot flashes,

cold flashes, aching bones and muscles, loss of appetite and the beginning of intestinal cramping.

Stage 9 Twenty)four to thirty)six hours after last dose9 *ncrease in all of the above

including severe cramping and involuntary leg movements (&kicking the habit&, loose stool,

insomnia, elevation of blood pressure, moderate elevation in body temperature, increase in

frequency of breathing and tidal volume,tachycardia(elevated pulse, restlessness, nausea

Stage 9 Thirty)six to seventy)two hours after last dose9 *ncrease in the above, fetal position,

vomiting, free and frequent liquid diarrhea, which sometimes can accelerate the time of passage

of food from mouth to out of system to an hour or less, weight loss of two to five kilos per :8

hours, increased white cell countand other blood changes.

Stage 9 0fter completion of above9 Hecovery of appetite (&the chucks&, and normal bowel

function, beginning of transition to post)acute and chronic symptoms that are mainly

psychological but that may also include increased sensitivity to pain, hypertension, colitisor other

gastrointestinal afflictions related to motility, and problems with weight control in either

direction.

The withdrawal symptoms associated with morphine addiction are usually experienced shortly before

the time of the next scheduled dose, sometimes within as early as a few hours (usually between 7Q5:hours after the last administration. =arly symptoms include watery eyes, insomnia, diarrhea, runny

nose, yawning, dysphoria,sweating and in some cases a strong drug craving. evere headache,

restlessness, irritability, loss of appetite, body aches, severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting,

tremors, and even stronger and more intense drug craving appear as the ome progresses. evere

depression and vomiting are very common. Auring the acute withdrawal period systolic and diastolic

blood pressure increase, usually beyond pre)morphine levels, and heart rate increases,M:8Nwhich have

potential to cause a heart attack, blood clot, or stroke.
http://anxiety.emedtv.com/anxiety/anxiety.htmlhttp://constipation.emedtv.com/constipation/constipation.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine#cite_note-Chan.2C_Irvine.2C_and_White-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine#cite_note-Chan.2C_Irvine.2C_and_White-24http://anxiety.emedtv.com/anxiety/anxiety.htmlhttp://constipation.emedtv.com/constipation/constipation.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine#cite_note-Chan.2C_Irvine.2C_and_White-24


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8. &ERON

Ceroin is three to five times more powerful than morphine from which it is derived and the most

addicting opium derivatives. -ith continued use, addicting occurs within 58 days. *t may be sniffedon swallowed but is usually injected in veins.

&ero"n(d"a!ety/orp-"neor /orp-"ne d"a!etate(*44, also known as d"a/orp-"ne(204, and

colloquially as &, s/a!9, -orse,:ro,n, :a!9, tar, and other names, is

anopioid analgesicsynthesized by3.H. 0lder -rightin 56?8 by adding two acetyl groups to the

molecule morphine,found in the opium poppy. *t is the B,7)diacetylester of morphine. Ceroin itself is

an active drug, but it is also converted into morphine in the body.

ONSET O' DURATON AND ACTON O' &ERON

Gike morphine, the duration of action of heroin is approximately 8 to 7 hours. Thus, addicts must takethe drug several times a day to prevent the appearance of -*TCAH0-0G signs2

STREET NA%ES O' &ERON

treet names for heroin include9

&smack,& &C,& &skag,& and &junk.& 2lanco, brown, sugar,

%EDCA# E''ECT O' &ERON

+nder the chemical name diamorphine, diacetylmorphine isprescribed as a stronganalgesicin the

+nited Ringdom, where it is given viasubcutaneous,intramuscular,intrathecalor intravenous route.

*ts use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction,

post)surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end)stagecancerand otherterminal illnesses.

*t is also used as amaintenance drugto treat certain groups of addicts, normally long term chronic *J

heroin users, and even in these situations it is only prescribed following exhaustive efforts at treatment

via other means. *t is thought that heroin users can walk into a clinic and walk out with a prescription

but the process takes many weeks before a prescription for Aiacetylmorphine is issued. Though this is

somewhat controversial among proponents of azero tolerancedrug policy, it has proven superior

to methadonein improving the social and health situation of addicts.

SDE E''ECT O' T&E OD+2 DSADANTAGES O' T&E AUSE O' &ERON

S-ort;Ter/ Effe!ts

hortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of

the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having &heavy& arms and legs. 0fter the initial rush, users will

go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called &on the nod.&
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Nonproprietary_Namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Approved_Namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Romley_Alder_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_poppyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrathecalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin_maintenancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methadonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Nonproprietary_Namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Approved_Namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Romley_Alder_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_poppyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrathecalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin_maintenancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methadone


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2ecause heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences &cloudy& mental function.

+sers will begin to breathe at a slower rate and their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure.

#ong;Ter/ Effe!ts

Hepeated and chronic heroin users who fail to use sterile technique or share equipment will begin toexperience the long)term effects of such practices9

*nfection of the heart lining and valves, normally due to lack of sterile technique.

Giver disease ) approximately ?


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;Pa"n

Aduts05; to 7< mg @.1. or 5; to 7< mg (phosphate *.D., *.J., or subcutaneously q 8 to 7 hours.

+sual daily dosage is B< mg/ maximum daily dosage is B7< mg.

C-"dren ages 1 and oder0


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=. ARTURATES

0re drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety. Dental stress, and insomnia. They

are also of value in the treatment of epilepsy and hypertension. They are available in capsules, pills ortablets, and taken orally or injected.

Depressant Drugs

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