DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
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Transcript of DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
Claudia Robbi SluterAndré Luiz Alencar de Mendonça
Federal University of Parana - Brazil
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
http://mapas.mma.gov.br/i3geo/aplicmap/geral.htm?3a3c7bc40d41d3efcc2a6345b5a79bf7
BRAZILIAN BIOMES
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
one of the highest biodiversity rates in the world
BRAZIL
Mittermeier et al. (1992)
Environmental laws
National topographic mapping
enforcement
available, complete and updated
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
United Nations Environment Programme
one of the most modern of the world
Federal Constitution
Criminal Codes
Civil Codes
the environment is a basic right of human being
“All have the right to an ecologically balanced environment which is an asset of common use and essential to a healthy quality of life, and both the Government and the community shall have the duty to defend and
preserve it for present and future generations.”
1988 Federal Constitution article 225
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
Environmental protection
Normative acts
act 6938/1981
Brazilian National Policy for Environment
Environment National Council (CONAMA)
Environment National System (SISNAMA)
The Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
Important environment-related acts
Act 4771/1965: establishes the forest code
Act 4118/1962: provides for the nuclear power national policy
Act 9985/2000: establishes SNUC – the National System of Nature Conservation Areas
Act 9433/1997: provides for the water resources national policy
Act 11284/2006: provides for public forests management
Act 11428/2006: provides for use and protection of Atlantic Forest Biome
Act 9605/1998: the environmental crimes law
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING LEGISLATION
1988 Federal Constitution articles 21 and 22
TITLE III. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE
CHAPTER II. THE UNION
Article 21. The Union shall have the power to:
XV - organize and maintain the official services of statistics, geography, geology and cartography of national scope
Article 22. The Union has the exclusive power to legislate on:
XVIII - the national statistical, cartographic and geological systems
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING LEGISLATION
Article 22. The Union has the exclusive power to legislate on:
XVIII - the national statistical, cartographic and geological systems
Decree-Law # 243 of 1967
“the National Topographic Mapping is intended to represent the national territory through a series of adjacent, homogeneous and updated
quadrangle maps at the standard scales:”
1:1 000 000
1:500 000
1:250 000
1:100 000 1:50 000
1:25 000
http://mapas.ibge.gov.br/indice/viewer.htm
1:100.000 1:50.000 1:25.000
THE PROBLEM OF COMPLETENESS
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS
THE PROBLEM OF AGING
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS
THE PROBLEM OF AGING
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS
THE PROBLEM OF AGING
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
Brazilian environmental law issues concerning to topographic mapping
Act Issues concerning to topographic mapping
Act 6938/1981
National Policy for Environment
Potentially polluting activities control and zoning; Control of threatened or degraded areas; Tax collecting for survey and licensing activities accordingly to the land use and area size.
Act 9433/1997
Water Resources National Policy
Definition for Watershed; Calculation of river basin areas; Class definitions for water bodies.
Act 9605/1998
Environmental Crimes Law
Penalties for deforestation, economic exploitation or degradation of native or planted forest area.
Act 6766/1979
Urban Areas Management Law
Definition of Urban Areas and Urban Expansion; Definition of waterflood areas, slope above 30% and ecological preservation areas.
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
The Forest Code - Act 4771/1965
the decade of 1980 and 1990 had expressive deforestation rates
Rural producers Ecologists
several points of disagreement
X
“But there are not studies pointing out the relationship between these problems and the absence of topographic
mapping in Brazil”
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
The Forest Code - Act 4771/1965
2 classes of protected areas in particular rural properties
APP – Permanent Preservation Areas
Legal Reserves
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
MAJOR BRAZILIAN BIOMES – legal reserves areas
Amazon forest
Atlantic forest
Caatinga
Cerrado
Pantanal
Pampa
80%
20%
20%*
20%
20%
20%
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
Floresta Ombrófila Densa
Floresta Ombrófila Aberta
Floresta Ombrófila Mista
Floresta Estacional Decidual
Savana
Savana - Estépica
Área das Formações Pioneiras
Refúgios Vegetais
Geographic limits
Official map
1:5.000.000
Atlantic Forest Biome Law - 11428/2006
> 625km²
25km x 25km
5mm x 5mm
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
Permanent Preservation Areas and Topographic Maps
Riparian zones
High slopes
Top of montains and hills
Highly altitude areas
Stream width range (in meters)
Minimum riparian zone width (in meters)
10 or less 30
10 to 50 50
50 to 200 100
200 to 600 200
600 or high 500
Source of river or stream
50
1:100.000 topographic maps
1mm width line 100 meters stream length 3 classes of APP
1:10,000 scale maps
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
CONCLUSION
Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and the largest of the South hemisphere with around 8 million square kilometers. Due to its continental extension the country has relevant biomes for the world.
Those biomes demand on conservation programmes and strategies for sustainable development. These actions depend on a topographic mapping at a suitable scale.
Topographic cartography is an expense activity however it is essential for any plan or action that aims environmental protection and conservation.
DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES
CONCLUSION
A basic topographic cartography at a suitable scale can bring benefits to the quality of results of the environment license process.
The analysis of the environmental legislation allows us to establish its dependence of the existence of an official topographic mapping at a suitable and accurate scale.
Environment protection and preservation encompasses a set of aspects related to geographic data and they should be considered when the authorities make decisions about budget for mapping the countries.