Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 322 Mechanical ... · Department of Mechanical Engineering...
Transcript of Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 322 Mechanical ... · Department of Mechanical Engineering...
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ME 322 – Mechanical Engineering
Thermodynamics
Lecture 27
Gas Power Generation
The Brayton Cycle
Gas Power Cycles
• Much higher power output to weight ratio compared to
vapor power cycles
– Well suited for mobile power plants
– Smaller stationary power plants
• Commonly known as the gas turbine
Open cycle Closed cycle
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The Gas Turbine
Comparison of the schematic to the ‘real thing’
3
Gas Turbine Examples
4
The Air Standard Cycle (ASC) Analysis
• A fixed amount of air modeled as an ideal gas is
the working fluid
• The combustion process is replaced by a heat
transfer from an external source
• All processes are internally reversible
The Cold Air Standard Cycle Analysis
• All of the above plus … the heat capacity of the
air is assumed to be constant
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The Brayton Cycle
• 1-2: Reversible and adiabatic compression
• 2-3: Constant pressure heat addition
• 3-4: Reversible and adiabatic expansion
• 4-1 Constant pressure heat rejection
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Brayton Cycle Analysis
2 1cW m h h
3 2inQ m h h
3 4tW m h h
4 1outQ m h h
cycle net t cW W W W
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Brayton Cycle Performance
Thermal Efficiency
,ASCnet t c
th
in in
W W W
Q Q
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4 1
,ASC
3 2
1th
h h
h h
3 2 4 1 4 1
3 2 3 2
1h h h h h h
h h h h
3 4 2 1 3 4 2 1
3 2 3 2
m h h m h h h h h h
m h h h h
Cold Brayton Cycle Performance
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Cold Air Standard Thermal Efficiency
4 1 4 1
,cold ASC
3 2 3 2
1 1p
th
p
h h c T T
h h c T T
3 34 4
2 1 1 2
1 1T TT T
T T T T
Processes 3-4 and 1-2 are isentropic
1 4 14 1
3 2 2 3 2
/ 11 1
/ 1
T T TT T
T T T T T
1 / 1 /
3 3 2 2
4 4 1 1
k k k k
T P P T
T P P T
Cold Brayton Cycle Performance
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1 4 1
,cold ASC
/ 11th
T T T
2 3 2/ 1T T T
1
2
1T
T
Substituting ...
Since process 1-2 is isentropic,
1 / 1
1 1 1,cold ASC
2 2 2
1 1 1
k k k
th
T P v
T P v
Cold Brayton Cycle Performance
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Define ...
Finally ... we have several ways to write
the cold ASC thermal efficiency,
1,cold ASC
2
1 /
1 /1
2
1
11
2
1
1 1
1 1
th
k k
k k
k
k
T
T
PPR
P
vCR
v
2
1
pressure ratioP
PRP
1
2
compression ratiov
CRv
Gas Turbine Irreversibilities
Isentropic efficiencies in the
turbine and compressor
Isentropic efficiencies in the turbine
and compressor and pressure drops
in the heat exchangers
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