Department of Materials Science, Korea University, O. Box 131, … · 2005. 3. 29. · 110 LDPE 125...

8
Polymer(Korea), Vol. 29, No. 2, pp 127-134, 2005 127 1.# g«# svª¯K® rZR ªÞ bÒúG K ^Ö2â rZ® B bÒúG 3²&r n ê gê² "V n", æ&® þ~ wÊ&r W^² îî ²ÿ ëÊ rrn Þ  6 VÖÚ : fê âWnê G ®W² BW² rÒ Ò®6 Þ:. Ê& ®Ö&rê æ&® þ~WÎ ÊÿR &® r3r, æ&® ^Ó e ²ÿ_ ®B ® JZ®6 ãWÎ rrZR ÃR Kû& Êj¾ ÿW² æ&® ^ÓR ²ÿ _& V² ë2ß(æ&^Óë) rk r²®V Æ, æ&^Óë& RÆ®B 2003 1*Ö 3æ Ú ²ÿ r Ò 2ß¾²¾ ²ÿ n vÊ ÖDz Bû Ú® G® Ú Ò& ® 2rÒ kª®V:. ÒnW² >Ò ® bÒúG 3&ê Æ zÊ ", ¿ &bÒúG 3® ÿ BV WÛ kW û² çÿ®B bÒúG® ²ÿ Z² Z² ÊÊ r2n ®6 Þê :kÊ:. VÖÚ® ÿ® ¿ &bÒúG Æ Ê û{R ç Ê &^& ®² ²ªWÊ ² ¿& ®Ê W #Ðð#r>Ì#aá#9U+#ð¥# O£}o'}´ }` }C # @(# ì5</# -<F<¬# ÄдLì|p# # +5337T#;# 54¼# Q:/#5338T#5#7¼# T,# # Hqkdqfhphqw#ri#Frpsdwlelolw|#dqg#Wrxjkhqlqj#ri## Frpplqjohg#Sdfndjlqj#Ilop#Zdvwhv# E|hrqj0Kzdq#Mhrq/#Krj|x#\rrq/#Vhxqj0Vdqj#Kzdqj*/# # Mxqjdkq#Nlp*/#dqg#Vrrq0Pdq#Krqj* , # Department of Materials Science, Korea University, Anamdong, Sungbukgu, Seoul 136-701, Korea *Polymer Hybrid Center, Korea Institute Science and Technology, O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 136-791, Korea (Received August 21, 2004;accepted February 4, 2005) S¨ÜBûÿ Ú G² ÿnê JZ²b(PP) Ú[PP/polyethylene(PE)/aluminum(Al)/poly(ethylene terephthal- ate)(PET)]R îÒ(Nylon) Ú[Nylon/PE/linear-low density polyethylene(LLDPE)] G ¿ &Bû Ú® ÿ óR kÎªÒ ZÊ 2fnê BB V ÿªr g ethylene vinylacetate(EVA), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene t riblock copolymer(SEBS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene-graft-maleic anhydride copolymer(SEBS-g-MA), polyethylene-graft- maleic anhydride(PE-g-MA), polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride(PP-g-MA), polyethylene-graft-acrylic acid(PE-g-AA), poly- propylene-graft-acrylic acid(PP- g-AA) G ÿ®B n§ «ò Kk& ®² W , v¯W R k2¯W ªÒ J®:. >r ÿ jb2 ¦®B ÿªr² SEBS EVAÒ ÿ®V ¢ Ó 50%® û J Vî îÒ® &>Î R® n§ û ZÊ n&^ÎÊ NîZr JVâ SEBS-g- MA® ÿ2 Ú Ûæ® fâ e g_ÊW® óV& ®² Ê g{® óV² Ó 200% Ê® ÿÿ® û ÊF n Þ:./ Abstract: The relationships among mechanical properties, rheological properties, and morphology by reactive extrusion based on commingled pckaging film wastes containg polypropylene (PP) pckaging film system [PP/polyethylene (PE)/ aluminum (Al)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)] and Nylon packaging film system[Nylon/PE/linear-low density pol y- ethylene (LLDPE)] were investigated to improve the compatibility and toughness of these wastes using various compa- tibilizers such as ethylene vinylacetate (EVA), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS), styrene-ethyl- ene/butylene-styrene-graft-maleic anhydride copolymer (SEBS-g-MA), polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP- g-MA), polyethylene-graft-acrylic acid (PE- g-AA) and polypropylene-graft-acrylic acid (PP- g-AA). Compared with simple melt blend system, the blends showed improvement of about 50% increase in physical properties when SEBS and EVA were added. However, SEBS-g-MA thermoplastic elastomer which is highly reactive with amine terminal group of nylon, resulted in about 200% increase in impact strength. This compatibilization effect result ed from the increase of interfacial adhesion and the reduction of domain size of dispersed phase in PP/Nylon blend system. Keywords: reactive compatibilizer, reactive extrusion, commingled pckaging film, compatibility, toughness. To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]

Transcript of Department of Materials Science, Korea University, O. Box 131, … · 2005. 3. 29. · 110 LDPE 125...

  • Demo

    Polymer(Korea), Vol. 29, No. 2, pp 127-134, 2005

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    ���������������������������������������*� ������������*�����������������*,��

    Department of Materials Science, Korea University, Anamdong, Sungbukgu, Seoul 136-701, Korea

    *Polymer Hybrid Center, Korea Institute Science and Technology, O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 136-791, Korea

    (Received August 21, 2004;accepted February 4, 2005)�

    ������ �� �� ��� ������(PP)� ��[PP/polyethylene(PE)/aluminum(Al)/poly(ethylene terephthal-

    ate)(PET)]� ���(Nylon)� ��[Nylon/PE/linear-low density polyethylene(LLDPE)] � � ��� ��� ���

    ��� ���� � ���� �� �� ���� � ethylene vinylacetate(EVA), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene

    triblock copolymer(SEBS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene-graft-maleic anhydride copolymer(SEBS-g-MA), polyethylene-graft-

    maleic anhydride(PE-g-MA), polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride(PP-g-MA), polyethylene-graft-acrylic acid(PE-g-AA), poly-

    propylene-graft-acrylic acid(PP-g-AA) �� ��� �� �� ��� �� ��� ��, ���� ��� ���� �

    �� ����. �� �� ���� ��� ����� SEBS� EVA� ��� � � 50%� �� ��� �

    � ���� ���� ����� ��� ��� � ������� ����� ��� ��� SEBS-g-

    MA� �� �� ��� �� � ���� ��� �� �� ��� ��� � 200% ��� ����� ��

    � �� � ��.�

    Abstract:�The relationships among mechanical properties, rheological properties, and morphology by reactive extrusion based on commingled pckaging film wastes containg polypropylene (PP) pckaging film system [PP/polyethylene (PE)/ aluminum (Al)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)] and Nylon packaging film system[Nylon/PE/linear-low density poly-ethylene (LLDPE)] were investigated to improve the compatibility and toughness of these wastes using various compa-tibilizers such as ethylene vinylacetate (EVA), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS), styrene-ethyl-ene/butylene-styrene-graft-maleic anhydride copolymer (SEBS-g-MA), polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA), polyethylene-graft-acrylic acid (PE-g-AA) and polypropylene-graft-acrylic acid (PP-g-AA). Compared with simple melt blend system, the blends showed improvement of about 50% increase in physical properties when SEBS and EVA were added. However, SEBS-g-MA thermoplastic elastomer which is highly reactive with amine terminal group of nylon, resulted in about 200% increase in impact strength. This compatibilization effect resulted from the increase of interfacial adhesion and the reduction of domain size of dispersed phase in PP/Nylon blend system.

    Keywords: reactive compatibilizer, reactive extrusion, commingled pckaging film, compatibility, toughness.

    †To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]

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    (Life Cycle Assessment) � ��� ��� �� �� �� �

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    ���.4

    ��� ��� � �� S. H. Ha ��5 HDPE, PP, PS� PVC� �

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    rinated polyethylene)� �� ��� ����� ��� ��� �

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    �, Gregor ��6 �PP/�HDPE/�LDPE� �

    ��� ����� EPR� ���� EPR� ��� ����

    �� ��� � ����. �� �� ���� ���� ��

    � � �� � HDPE� PET� ���� SEBS� HDPE�

    ������� ������ ����� � �� ���� �

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    ��� ��� � �,7 Mariano Pracella ��8 PET� HDPE

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    �9,10 �Nylon� �PP� �� ����� ������� ��

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    �.

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    2. ��

    2.1 �� � ��� ��

    � ���� �� ��� Figure 1� ��� �� �� polypro-

    pylene(PP) ��� polyetylene(PE) ��� �� ���� � �PP

    �[PP/polyethylene(PE)/aluminum(Al)/poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)]

    �� �� �� ��� Nylon��� PE��� �� �� � �

    Nylon�[Nylon/PE/linear-low density polyethylene(LLDPE)] �� ��

    ��� ��

    � �� ��� �� ����� ���

    Table 1� �����.

    �PP�� �Nylon� �� ��� ����� Table 2� ��

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    16TC, L/D�7.5)� ��� ���� 180�250 �, ���� 50 rpm

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    � ��(DSC 2910 Du Pont Instruments)� �� ���(TGA

    2950 Du Pont Instruments)� ���

    �, ��(thermal history)�

    ��� � �� ����� 10 �/min� ��� 2� ���� �

    ���.

    2.2 �� �� � ��� �� ��

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    ��� ��� Baby plast 6/10� ��� 250 ��� 120 bar� �

    �� ���. ��� ��� ����� ���� � ��

    (a) (b)

    Figure 1. Characteristics of commingled packaging film wastes. (a) recycled PP and (b) recycled Nylon.

    Table 1. Types and Properties of Compatibilizer

    C om patib ilizer C om pany G rade E VA a H anw ha C hem ical E VA vinyl acetate(25 w t% )

    SE B Sb K raton K raton G -1651 polystyrene(30 w t% ) SE B S-g -M A c K raton K raton FG -1901X m aleic anhydride(2 w t% )

    PE -g -M A H onam Petrochem ical E M -520M M I(190)�1.5 g /10 m in PP-g -M A H onam Petrochem ical C M -1120 M I(230)�50 g /10 m in PE -g -A A U niroyal C hem ical Polybond 1009 M I(190)�6 g /10 m in PP-g -A A U niroyal C hem ical Polybond 1001 M I(230)�40 g /10 m in

    EVAa�ethylene vinylacetate. SEBSb�styrene-(ethylene/butylene)-styrene triblock copolymer. SEBS-g-MAc�styrene(ethylene/butylene)-styrene-graft-maleic anhydride copolymer. MA�maleic anhydride. AA�Acrylic acid.

    Table 2. Composition of PP/Nylon blend

    PP/N ylon C om patib ilizer C ontent 100 / 0 N one

    SE B S, SE B S-g -M A , PE -g -M A , PP-g -M A 1�5 phr 75 / 25

    PE -g -A A , PP-g -A A , E VA only 5 phr 50 / 50 N one 25 / 75 N one 0 / 100 N one

  • � ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� 129�

    Polymer(Korea), Vol. 29, No. 2, 2005�

    ��� RADMANA� ���� ���(ITR-2000)� Instron�

    �� ���(model 4201)� ���� ���� ����. ���

    �� ASTM D254(����)� ASTM D638(����)� �� ��

    � ����� crosshead speed� 10 mm/min�, 7�� ���

    ��� ���� ���.

    2.3 ���� �� ��

    �� 25 mm�� �� 2 mm� ��� ��� ��� 250 ���

    ����(compression molding) �� �, Paar Physica Rheometer

    (USD 200)� �� 25 mm� ��� �� 250 �� ������

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    Figure 2� �� �� ��� � ��� �� �� � ��

    � �� ���� �� ��� �����. PP� �� �� �

    � ��� PP�, Nylon� �� �� ��� Nylon� �� ��

    � DSC ���� PP� ��� �� ��� ����(Tm)

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    250 �� ��� PET� ���� �, Nylon� ��� ���

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    PP/Nylon� ���� �� � 300 ��� �� ���� 550 �

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    � ���� ��� ���� �� ����� ���

    � � � Nylon� ��� ��� �� � ���� ��

    Figure 2. (a) DSC thermograms and (b) TGA curves of PP/Nylon blends.

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    100/0

    75/25

    PP/Nylon

    0/100

    �� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���

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    Figure 3. (a) Notched izod impact strength, (b) Tensile strength, and (c) Elongation at break of PP/Nylon blends.

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    � �� ��� ���� ���. ��� � ������ �

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    Figure 3� Nylon� ��� ���� �� �� �� ����

    ��� ��� ��� ��. Nylon� ��� �� �����

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    � ��� ���� �� ��� ��� ����� Nylon� �

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    Figure 4� PP/Nylon� ��� ��� �� ���� ���

    ���

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    � ��� � ��. �� �� PP/Nylon ���� � ���

    �� ���� �� ����� ��� �� ��� ��� ��

    � ����� ��� �� �� ��� ����.

    Figure 5� � ���� ��� ��� �� �� ��� �

    �� ��. ����� ���� �� PP� ��� � Nylon

    � ��� shear thinning ��� �� ��� � � ��,

    Nylon� ��� ��� ���� �� ��� ���� ��

    ��. ��� ��� �� Nylon� ��� PP� ��� ���

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    ��� ���� ���� � ��.

    3.2 �� �� � ����� ��

    � ������ �� �� ���� �� ��� ��� �

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    �� �� ��� �� ��� ����. ��� ���� �

    �� ���� ���� PP� ���� ���� ����� �

    ����� PP�/Nylon� � ���� ��� ��� �

    � ��� ����� ��� 75/25� ���� �� ��� �

    � ���� ����. �� ���� ��� �� � 5

    phr� �� ��� � ����� ����� �� ���� �

    � ���� ����� ��� �� ��� ��� ����.

    �� ����� SEBS� EVA� ��� ��� ��� ��

    �� ����� SEBS � PE� PP� ������� ���

    � �� ������ � � ���.

    ���� ��� �� ��� ��� ��� �� �

    ���� � ����� ��� ���� Figure 6� �����.

    � ������ �� � ���� ���� ����� �

    �, �� ���� ��� �� ��� ���� SEBS� EVA

    � ���� �� � ����� �� � 50%� �� ���

    �� � ��. ��� ���� �� ���� �� ���

    � ��, ���� ����� � ��� cavity ��� ��

    �� �� �� ����� ���� ��� ��� �� �

    ���� �����

    � ���� �.14,15 ��� � �

    ��� ����� �� ����� ��� �� ��� �� �

    �� �� ��� � ����. �� Nylon� ����

    (a)

    ����

    ����

    Figure 4. SEM photomacrographs of PP/Nylon blends. (a) 100/0, (b) 75/25, and (c) 50/50.

    ����

    ���

    ���

    ���

    ����

    Angular frequency(w)

    Com

    plex

    vis

    cosi

    ty(P

    a.s)

    ���

    ���

    ���

    ���

    ���

    Figure 5. Complex viscosity of PP/Nylon blends at 250 �.

  • � ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� 131�

    Polymer(Korea), Vol. 29, No. 2, 2005�

    amide�� ��� ��� ���� �� ����� ������(2

    wt%)� ����� SEBS-g-MA� �� �� � 200% ���

    ���� ��� �� ���� ��� ���� �����

    ��� � � ��. �� ����� ��� � �� �� �

    ���� �� � ������ Nylon� PP �� �� �

    ��� �� ��� ���

    �, �� � ����� ��

    ��� �� ��� �� � ��. �� �� �� �����

    �� � 10�20% ��� ��� ����. ��� �� ��

    �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� in-situ �� ���

    ��� �� ��� �� � � ����� ��� ���

    ���� SEBS-g-MA� ��� � � � ��. Scheme 1�

    �������� Nylon� amine end �� ������� �

    ��� amide-acid ��� � imide �� �� �� ��

    �� � ����� ��� ��.

    Figure 7� �� ���� ��� �� ���� ��� ��

    Compatibilizer

    (a)

    Impa

    ct s

    tren

    gth(

    mJ)

    ��

    ��

    ��

    ��

    None SEBS SEBS-MA PE-MA PP-MA PE-AA PP-AA EVA0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    None SEBS SEBS-MA PE-MA PP-MA PE-AA PP-AA EVA0

    5

    0

    5

    0

    5

    0

    Compatibilizer

    (b)

    Tens

    ile s

    tren

    gth(

    MP

    a)

    ��

    ��

    ��

    Compatibilizer

    (c)

    Elo

    ngat

    ion

    at b

    reak

    (%)

    ���

    ���

    ���

    ���

    ��

    ��None SEBS SEBS-MA PE-MA PP-MA PE-AA PP-AA EVA

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    Figure 6. (a) Notched izod impact strength, (b) Tensile strength, and (c) Elongation at break of PP/Nylon(75/25) blends with various compati-bilizers fixed content of compatibilizer 5 phr.

    HC C

    H2C C

    O

    O

    HN

    OH

    PAHC C

    H2C C

    O

    O

    N PA H2O+

    HC C

    H2C C

    O

    O

    O + H2N PA

    HC C

    H2C C

    O

    O

    HN

    OH

    PAHC C

    H2C C

    O

    O

    N PA H2O+

    HC C

    H2C C

    O

    O

    O + H2N PA

    Scheme 1. Reaction between maleic anhydride groups and the amine end groups of polyamide.

    (a) (b)

    (c) (d)

    (e) (f)

    (g) (h) Figure 7. SEM photomacrographs of PP/Nylon(75/25) blends with various compatibilizers(5 phr). (a) None, (b) EVA, (c) SEBS, (d) SEBS-g-MA, (e) PE-g-MA, (f) PP-g-MA, (g) PE-g-AA, and (h) PP-g-AA.

  • 132� ������������������

    ���, �29� �2�, 2005� �

    � ��. �� ������ ����� ��� SEBS-g-MA�

    ��� ���� �� ���� �� ��� � 0.5 µm ��� �� ����, �� ������ ��� ��� ����

    � �� � ����. ��� PP� � Nylon� � ���

    � ��� ��� � �� ����� �� SEBS-g-MA� �

    �� �� � � � ��. ��, SEBS� EVA� �� �

    � �� ���� �� � � � �. �� �����

    ���� ��� ��� �� ����� ���� ����

    ��� ��� ����� ����. �� PP-g-MA� �� PP-g-

    AA�� � �� ��� ��� ���� ��� ��. ��

    � �� �� SEBS-g-MA� �� ����� �� ��, ���

    �� ��� ������� ���� ��� ��� ���

    ��� � �� �� �� ���, � �����

    � �� �� �� � ������� ���� �� ����

    Nylon ���� �� �� � �� �� �� ��� ��

    ��� ��� � � ��.

    �� �� �� ������ �� �� ���� ��� ��

    ���� ��� Figure 8� �����. ���� �� � 75/25

    PP/Nylon� ��� ��� ��� ����. �� SEBS� �

    � ������� ����� ��� �� ����� ��

    � ��� � �� �����, �� SEBS� ��� �

    ���� ��� �� ��� �� �� physical X-linking(���

    �)� ����� ����. ���� ��� ������

    ����� ���� ���� ��� �� ����� ��

    �.16 ����� ��� � SEBS-g-MA� �� ��� ��

    � ���� �� �� ��� ��� � SEBS�� � ��

    ��� ��

    � �����, �� ���� SEBS �� �

    � ��� � � ��. ��� �� �� ���� ��

    ��� �� ��� ���� ����� ��� ����

    �� �� ���� ��� �� �� ����� �� ���

    ��� �� ����� �� ��� ��� ���� �� �

    ��� ����.

    ��� ����� � ������ ���� ��� ���

    �� ����� ���� ����� ���� � � ���

    �� ���� ����� �� � � ����� ��� ��

    �� � � ��� ��� ��� ��� in-situ ��� ���

    �� ���� ��� ���� �� � ��.

    3.3 �� �� � ���� ��� ��

    Figure 9� �� ����� ��� �� ����� ����

    � ��� ��� ��. ����� �� ����� ��� �

    ��� �� SEBS� �� ���� ���� ��� �� ��

    � �����, ��� �� ���� ��� PE-g-MA� PP-g-

    MA� �� 2 phr ��� ����� � ��� ��� � ��

    �. �� ������ �������� ��� �� �����

    ���� ��� SEBS-g-MA ����� �� ��� ����

    ����� ��� ���� � � � ��. ����� ��

    � � � ����� ���� ���� �� ����� �

    � ��� �� ��� ��� ����� ��� ���� �

    ������ ��� ��� ���� ���

    � ���

    � ����� ��

    ���

    ���

    ���

    Angular frequency(w)

    (a)

    Com

    plex

    vis

    cosi

    ty(P

    a.s)

    ����

    ���

    ����

    ����� ��

    ���

    ���

    ���

    Angular frequency(w)

    (b)

    Com

    plex

    vis

    cosi

    ty(P

    a.s)

    ���

    ���

    ���

    Figure 8. Complex viscosity of PP/Nylon(75/25) blends with various compatibilizers fixed content of compatibilizer 5 phr at 250 �.

    �� �� �� �� �� ��

    phr Compatibilizer

    (b)

    Tens

    ile s

    tren

    gth(

    MP

    a)

    ��

    ���

    ���

    ���

    ���

    ��

    �� �� �� �� �� ��

    phr Compatibilizer

    (a)

    Impa

    ct s

    tren

    gth(

    mJ)

    ��

    ��

    ��

    ��

    ��

    ��

    Figure 9. (a) Notched izod impact strength and (b) Tensile strength of PP/Nylon(75/25) blends with various compatibilizers.

  • � ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� 133�

    Polymer(Korea), Vol. 29, No. 2, 2005�

    �, ���� �� ����� ���� ���� ���. �

    ������ ���� �� �� ���� ��� �� �

    ��� �� �� ���� 1 phr ��� �� �� ��� �

    � ��. �� SEBS-g-MA� �� �� ����� �� � 15%

    � ��� ���

    � �� ����� ����� ���� �

    �� ���� ���� ��� ����. �� ��� ��

    �� �� �� ���� ���� ���� �� ���� �

    ��� ���� �.

    Figure 10� ����� ��� �� ��� ����� ��

    � ��� ���� ���

    �, SEBS� �� ��� ���

    ���� ����� ����� ����� ��� ���

    �� ��� � SEBS-g-MA� �� ��� ��� �� ��

    �� ��� ��� � 2 µm�� � 0.1�0.3 µm� ��� � ��� � ��.

    PE-g-MA� �� �� �� ���� ��� ���� ��

    (0.5�0.8 µm)� � ���

    �, PP-g-MA� �� PE-g-MA�� � �� ���� ��(0.3�0.5 µm) ��� ��� � ��. �� �� ����� ����� ��� PP-g-MA� ����

    [MI(230 �)�50]� PE-g-MA� ����[MI(190 �)�1.5]�� �

    �� �� PP-g-MA� ��� ��� ���� ��� ��

    �� ����.

    �� �� ����� ������ ���� � �� ����

    � �� ��� �� ��� ��� �� ���� � ��

    � � ��. ��� � ������ ��� ��� ����

    �� �� ��� � �� ����� �� ���� �� ��

    �� �� � �� � � ������ ��� �� �� ��

    �� �� ������ ����� ��� ����� ��.

    Figure 11� �� ���� ����� 250 ���� �����

    ��� �� ��� ��� ��. ����� �� �� SEBS�

    �� Figure 8�� ��� �� �� ��� ���� SEBS�

    ��� ���� �� �� ���� �� ��� �� ��

    � �� ��� ��� �� ��� �� ��� ����,

    �� �� �� ���� �� shear thinning ��� ���

    � �� energy dissipation ����� ��� �� ��� �

    ��. ����� ����� �� SEBS-g-MA� �� �� �

    � ��� �� ���� ��� ����. SEBS� ��� �

    � �� ��� ���� �� shear thinning� ��� � ��

    ��� � �, �� �� ��� � � ���� ��� �

    � �� ���� � �� � ��� � ��. �� ���

    ��� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� �

    �� ����, � ����� �� �� �� � ���� �

    ��� ���� ���� � ��.

    ����� PE-g-MA� �� �� � ��� ���� ��

    ��� ��� � ����� �� ��� �� �� ��

    ��� �� PE-g-MA� ����[MI(190 �);1.5]� �� ��

    ����. ����� PP-g-MA� �� �� �� �� � �

    � �� �� �� ����� ��(5 phr) �� � PP-g- MA�

    ����[MI(230 �):50]� �� �� ���� ����� �

    �� ���� �� �����. ��� �� ����� �

    � �� �� ���� � SEBS-g-MA� �� ��(����, ��

    ��) ��� �� ��� ���� �� ��� � �� ��� �

    � �� PP� � Nylon� � ���� ��� ��� � ��

    (a) (b) (c) (d)

    (e) (f) (g) (h)

    Figure 10. SEM photomacrographs of fractured surfaces of PP/Nylon (75/25) blends with various compatibilizers. (a) SEBS 2 phr, (b) SEBS 5phr, (c) SEBS-g-MA 2 phr, (d) SEBS-g-MA 5phr, (e) PE-g-MA 2 phr, (f) PE-g-MA 5 phr, (g) PP-g-MA 2 phr, and (h) PP-g-MA 5phr.

  • 134� ������������������

    ���, �29� �2�, 2005� �

    ���� ������ ��� � ��

    4. ��

    � ����� � ���� ��� ��� �� � ���

    � �� �� �� ����� �� ����� �� � ���

    �� ��� �� � �� ��� ���� ��� ���� �

    �� �� ��� ���.

    1) � ���� ��� ���� �� �� ����� ��

    ���� ���� ��� ��� ���� ���� ���

    �� ��� � ������� ��� � ���� � ��

    �� �� ��� � � ��� � ��, ����� ��

    ionic ��� ������� �� ���� �� ��� ��

    � � ���� � � ��.

    2) � ���� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� in-situ

    �� ��� ��� �� �� ���� � �� ��� ���

    � � � ����� ���� ����� �� � � ��

    ��� ��� ����, ����� � �� ���� ��� SEBS-

    g-MA� �� ����� ��� �� � � � ��.

    3) ��� ���� ����� �� SEBS-g-MA� �� �

    ��� �� ���� PP/Nylon � ���� ��� ���

    �� ����� ��� ����� ���� ���� ��

    �� � ���� �� ��� ���� �� �� � � �

    � �� ��� �� ��� �� �� ���� � ��� �

    �� �����.

    ��� ��� ��� ������ ���� �� ���� 21

    �� ���� �� �� �� (�� ��� ��� �� ��)

    � ���� ���� ��� ������ �� �����.

    ����

    1. L. A. Utracki, Polymer Alloys and Blends, Hanser, New York, 1989.

    2. D. R. Paul and C. B. Bucknall, Polymer Blends, John Wiley and Sons,

    New York, 2000.

    3. J. K. Kim, Lucky Polymer Technology, 27, 64 (1993).

    4. W. J. Choi, 1st Workshop on Cleaner Production Technology and Eco-

    materials, 1, 35 (2001). 5. C. S. Ha, H. D. Park, and W. J. Cho, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 76, 1048 (2000).

    6. G. Radonjic and N. Gubeljak, Macromol. Matter. Eng., 287, 122 (2002).

    7. A. Pawlak, J. Morawiec. F. Pazzagli, M. Pracella, and A. Galesi, J. Appl.

    Polym. Sci., 86, 1473 (2002).

    8. M. Pracella, L. Rolla, D. Chionna, and A. Galeski, Macromol. Chem. Phys.,

    203, 1473 (2002). 9. F. P. LA Mantia and C. Mongiovi, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 66, 337 (1999).

    10. F. P. LA Mantia and L. Capizzi, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 71, 285 (2001).

    11. W. Michaeli and A. Grefenstein, Adv. Polym. Tech., 14, 263 (1995). 12. A. Addeo, C. Morandi, and A. Vezzoli, Macromol. Symp., 78, 313 (1994).

    13. C. Tzoganakis, Adv. Polym. Tech., 9, 321 (1989).

    14. R. A. Pearson and A. F. Yee, J. Mater. Sci., 21, 2475 (1986). 15. A. F. Yee and R. A. Pearson, J. Mater. Sci., 21, 2462 (1986).

    16. T. O. Ahn, C. K. Kim, B. K. Kim, H. M. Jeong, and J. D. Huh, Polym. Eng.

    Sci., 30, 341 (1990).

    Figure 11. Complex viscosity of PP/Nylon(75/25) blends with various compatibilizers at 250 �. (a) SEBS, (b) SEBS-g-MA, (c) PE-g-MA, and (d) PP-g-MA.

    ����� ��

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