Department of Human Services A Preliminary Review of the Social, Economic & Health Effects...
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Department of Human Services
A Preliminary Review of the Social, Economic & Health Effects Attributed to Khat Chewing of Somali Community in Melbourne
Said Aden (Public Health Fellow -Victorian Public Health Training Scheme-Department of Human Services)Malina Stankovska (Project Supervisor)--VTPUSteven Klimidis-VTPUVictorian Transcultural Psychiatry Unit hosted the project.
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Purpose of the presentation :
To discuss the results of a survey conducted in Victoria about the prevalence of Khat useSocial and health problem associated with its useInternational literature Khat plant
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Methodology
Key informant interview was used:
Forty key informants were selected from Somali community on the basis of :
Their ability to contact a large number of people from the community
Their involvement and knowledge of Somali community issues.
The survey included:
People of different ages, educational
and occupational backgrounds. 20 males and 20 females were
interviewed.
The main roles of the key informants in the community were:
Advocacy
Working with local community organisations
Providing advice
Employment/Welfare services
Interpreting services
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Occupation of informants
occupation Frequency Percentage %Community Development Workers 7 17.5Interpreters 7 17.5Youth workers 1 2.5Health promotion 3 7.5Family Day Care Workers 2 5Unemployed/Retired 4 10Small Business 4 10Health Officer 1 2.5Students 11 27.5
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Extensive use of Khat
How extensive is Khat use in your community?
8o% of the respondents said that many people among the Somali community use Khat
freq %I don’t know
1 2.5
A few people use it
7 17.5
Many people use it
32 80
Total 40 100
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Frequency of Khat use.
People who use Khat, how frequent is their use generally? Frequency Percent I don't know 2 5.0 Once per month 1 2.5 Once per fortnight 3 7.5 Once per week 18 45.0
Several times per week10 25.0 Daily 6 15.0
Total 40 100.0
Majority of the respondents said that Khat is used once per week.
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Gender of Khat users
In your view, among the Khat users what proportion would be male and female? Frequency Percent
I don't know 1 2.5 Mainly male 19 47.5 More males than females 19 47.5 Equal proportion of males and females 1 2.5 Total 40 100.00
Khat use is more frequent among the males.
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How concerned are you about the age groups using Khat?
05
10152025303540
Age groups
Fre
q.o
f co
ncern
I don't know
Not concerned
Little concerned
Very concerned
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What proportion of Khat users and their families are affected financially by its use?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Khat usersaffected
financially
Minimal or not at all
Substantial ormoderate
35 respondents out of 40 said that Khat users are affected financially.
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What do Khat users say about the benefits of using Khat ? (Benefits).
Benefits of using Khat (from users’ perspective)
YES (Frequency)
No (Frequency)
Personal Benefits 31 (77.5%) 9 (22.5%)
Interpersonal Benefits
27 (67.5%) 13 (32.5%)
Health Benefits 15 (37.5) 25 (62.5%)
No benefits 7 (17.5%) 33 (82.5%)
Others 3 (7.5%) 37 (92.5%)
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What do you think are the benefits of using Khat?
Benefits of Khat (Key informants' perspective)
Yes
Frequency/Percentage
No
Frequency)
Personal benefits 14 (35%) 26 (65%)Interpersonal Benefits
12 (30%) 28 (70%)
Health Benefits 12 (30%) 28 (70%)
No Benefits 20 (50%) 20 (50%)Others 4 (10%) 36 (90%)
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What do Khat users say are the negative effects of using Khat?
Difficulties associated with Khat (from users) Yes NoPersonal difficulties 21 (52.5%) 19 (47.5%)Interpersonal relationship difficulties 22 (55%) 18 (45%)Work and education difficulties 23 (57.5%) 17 (42.5%)Financial problems 26 (65%) 14 (35%)Health problems 19 (47.5%) 14 (35%)No negative effects 6 (15%) 34 (85%)Others 2 (5%) 38 (95%)
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What do you think are the negative effects of using Khat?
From key informants’ perspective YES NOPersonal difficulties 25 (62.5%) 15 (37.5%Interpersonal relationship difficulties 29 (72.5%) 11 (27.5%)Work and education difficulties 29 (72.5) 11 (27.5%)Financial problems 30 (75.5%) 10 (25%)Health problems 27 (67.5%) 12 (30%)No side effects 0 (0%) 40 (100%)
Others 5 (12.5%) 35 (87.5)
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What is the effect of Khat on family relationships between spouses?
Yes No
Conflict/Argument/Dissociation
34 (85%) 6 (15%)
Interference with roles and responsibilities
34 (85%) 6 (15%)
Other 12 (30%) 28 (70%)
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What is the effect of Khat on children under the care of Khat users?
YES NO
Negligent 36 (90%) 4 (10%)
Interference with education 31 (77.5%) 9 (22.5%)
Interference with socialisation 21 (52.5%) 19 (47.5%)
Others 4 (10%) 36 (90%)
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Does using Khat affect peoples’ health related behaviour?Health behaviours
I don’t know Less More Total
Sleep 7(17.5%)
27(67.5%)
6(15% )
40(100%)
Smoking 6(15%)
6(15%)
28(70%)
40(100)
Coffee and tea
5(12.5%)
6(15%)
29(72.5%)
40(100%)
Unsafe driving
11(27.5%)
8(20%)
21(52.5%)
40(100%)
After effects (Fatigue)
7(17.5%)
7(17.5%)
26(65%)
40(100%)
Irritability 15 ((37.5%) 8 (20%) 17 (42.5%) 40 (100%)
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Do the people in the community know that khat is illegal in Australia except under permission for personal use?
• 70% OF KEY INFORMANTS INDICATED THAT THE COMMUNITY IS NOT AWARE THAT KHAT IS ILLEGAL IN AUSTRALIA EXCEPT WITH PERMISSION FOR PERSONAL USE.
aware
30%
Not awar
e70%
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Should there be a law to discourage and prevent people from using Khat?
• 72.5% of the key informants encouraged legislation to prevent people from using Khat, while 27.5% of the informants disagreed.
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INFORMATION ABOUT KHAT
Have you ever read any information about Khat?
YES: 25 (62.5%)No: 15 (37.5%)
Do you think the community would benefit from receiving information about Khat?
Yes : 35 (87.5%)No: 5 (12.5%)
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What is the best way to provide the community with information about Khat?
Access to hotline: Yes: 20% Brochure: Yes: 47.5% Somali radio: Yes: 60% Internet: Yes: 12.5% Others Yes: 12.5%
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ANY SUGGESTIONS
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Acknowledgment
Key informantsMalina Stankovska, A/Professor Harry Minas, Steven Klimidis (VTPU) Victorian Public Health Training Scheme (Department of Human Services)