M. E. Communication System

Curriculum and Syllabus (Based on Choice Based Credit System)

Effective from the Academic year

2015 - 2016

Department of Electronics and

Communication

Engineering

School of Engineering

1

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME

PSO1: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding on the recent developments of the different

communication technologies that is more essential for the communication engineers.

PSO2: Understand and analyze the concepts and methods of the different advanced courses

such as Advanced digital communication techniques, Advanced digital signal

processing, Spread spectrum techniques etc.,

PSO3: Be familiar with the specialized areas and application of communication technologies like

RF system design, Wavelet theory and applications, DSP processor architecture and

programming, high speed switching architecture etc.,

PSO4: Perform research and analysis on communication involving Wireless sensor networks,

Embedded systems and RTOS, DSP processor architecture and programming, Speech

and audio signal processing etc.,

PSO5: Demonstrate practical hands on experience for core laboratory experiments like

communication systems and network laboratory.

PSO6: Be able to select and apply appropriate modern hardware and software tools to analyze

and solve problems in networks and communication technologies.

PSO7: Perform an exhaustive research for one year on core areas such as Signal processing,

Digital image processing, Digital medical processing, Software defined radio, terrestrial

and under water wireless networks.

PSO8: Publish their research finding in peer reviewed and indexed conferences and journals.

PSO9: Develop analytical, critical and innovative thinking skills in communication technology to

enhance research and be industry ready.

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BOARD OF STUDIES

S.

No NAME AFFILIATION ROLE

1 Dr.V.Rajendran Professor & Head / ECE Convener

2 Dr. M. Manikandan

Associate Professor, Department

of Electronics, Madras Institute of

Technology, Anna University

Academic Expert

3 Mr.R.Pagalavan Sub divisional Engineer, BSNL,

Anna Nagar Industrial Expert

4 Mr. R.Shyam Sundar Executive in HP Alumni

5 Dr. S. Jerritta Associate Professor/ECE Member

6 Dr. T. Jaya Assistant Professor/ECE Member

7 Mrs.G.R.Jothilakshmi Assistant Professor/ECE Member

8 Mrs.P. Vijayalakshmi Assistant Professor/ECE Member

9 Mrs.M.Meena Assistant Professor/ECE Member

3

PROGRAMME: M.E Communication System

CURRICULUM

SEMESTER – I Total Number of Credits: 80

Category Code No Course Hours / Week

Credits

Lecture Tutorial Practical

Core 15MEC001 Applied Mathematics 3 1 0 4

Core 15MEC002 Spread Spectrum Techniques 3 1 0 4

Core 15MEC003 Advanced Digital

Communication Techniques 3 1 0 4

Core 15MEC004 Data Communication and

Networks 3 1 0 4

DSE 15MEC101 Discipline Specific Elective I 3 0 0 3

Core 15MEC005 Seminar I 0 0 6 2

Total 15 4 6 21

SEMESTER – II

Category Code No Course Hours / Week

Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical

Core 15MEC006 Wireless Networks 3 1 0 4

Core 15MEC007 RF System Design 3 1 0 4

Core 15MEC008 Digital Image Processing 3 1 0 4

Core 15MEC102 Discipline Specific Elective II 3 0 0 3

DSE 15MEC151 Generic Elective I 3 0 0 3

Core 15MEC009 Practical -Communication

system & networks 0 0 6 3

Total 15 3 6 21

4

PROGRAMME: M.E Communication System

CURRICULUM

SEMESTER – III

Category Code No Course

Hours / Week

Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical

DSE 15MEC___ Discipline Specific Elective III 3 0 0 3

DSE 15MEC___ Discipline Specific Elective IV 3 0 0 3

GE 15MEC___ Generic Elective II 3 0 0 3

Core 15MEC010 Project Work – Phase I 0 0 18 9

Core 15MEC011 In plant Training 0 0 0 2

Total 9 0 18 20

SEMESTER – IV

Category Code No Course Hours / Week

Credits

Lecture Tutorial Practical

Core 15MEC012 Project Work – Phase II 0 0 30 18

Total 0 0 30 18

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Programme: ME – COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

List of Discipline Specific Electives

15MEC101 Electromagnetic Interference and

Compatibility in System Design

15MEC102 High Speed Switching Architecture

15MEC103 Microwave Integrated Circuits

15MEC104 Multimedia Communication

15MEC105 Satellite Communication

15MEC106 Mobile Communication

15MEC107 Wavelet Theory and Applications

15MEC108 Adaptive Signal Processing

15MEC109 Speed and Audio Signal Processing

15MEC110 GSM and GPS

15MEC111 Modeling and Simulation of

Communication Systems

15MEC112 Advanced Radiation Systems

15MEC113 Wireless Sensor Networks

15MEC114 Optical Networks

15MEC115 Embedded Systems and RTOS

15MEC116 Advanced VLSI Design

15MEC117 DSP Processor Architecture and

programming

15MEC118 Communication Protocol Engineering

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List of Generic Elective

15MEC151 Cryptography and Network Security

15MEC152 Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

15MEC153 Network Management

15MEC154 Network Routing Algorithms

15MEC155 Soft Computing

15MEC156 Neural Networks and its Applications

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SYLLABUS

CORE COURSES

8

15MEC011 APPLIED MATHEMATICS 3 1 0 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To encourage students to develop a working knowledge of the central ideas of linear algebra;

To study and understand the concepts of probability and random variable of the various functions;

To understand the notion of a Markov chain, and how simple ideas of conditional probability and

matrices can be used to give a thorough and effective account of discrete–time Markov chains;

To formulate and construct a mathematical model for a linear programming problem in real life

situation;

Introduce the Fourier Transform as an extension of Fourier techniques on periodic functions and

to solve partial differential equations;

UNIT I SPECIAL FUNCTIONS (12)

Bessel's equation – Bessel function – Recurrence relations – Generating function and orthogonal property

for Bessel functions of first kind – Fourier–Bessel expansion.

UNIT II MATRIX THEORY (12)

Some important matrix factorizations – The Cholesky decomposition – QR factorization – Least squares

method – Singular value decomposition – Toeplitz matrices and some applications.

UNIT III LINEAR PROGRAMMING (12)

Formulation–Graphical and simplex methods–Big–M method–Two phase method–Dual simplex method–

Primal Dual problems.

UNIT IV NON LINEAR PROGRAMMING (12)

Necessary and sufficient conditions –Equality and inequality constraints–Kuhn–Tucker conditions –

Gradient projection method–cutting plane method– penalty function method.

UNIT V QUEUEING MODELS (12)

Poisson Process – Markovian queues – Single and Multi–server Models – Little’s formula – Machine

Interference Model – Steady State analysis – Self Service queue.

TOTAL: 60 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO 1: Understand the special functions fundamental to engineering specifically Gamma, Beta,

and Bessel.

CO 2: Analyze properties of special functions by their integral representations and symmetries.

CO 3: Know the key mathematical ideas of matrix theory used in data analysis, scientific

computing and optimization

CO 4: Convert standard business problems into linear programs

CO 5: Solve linear programs using the simplex algorithm

CO 6: Understand the fundamentals of nonlinear optimization theory and methods

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CO 7: Solve problems with inter-arrival and service times exponentially distributed using queuing

theory

CO 8: Solve standard business problems using Markov chains

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Taha, H.A., Operations Research, An introduction, 7th edition, Pearson education editions, Asia,

New Delhi, 2002.

2. Grewal, B.S., Numerical methods in Engineering and Science, 40th edition, Khanna Publishers,

2007

3. Grewal, B.S., Numerical methods in Engineering and Science, 40th edition, Khanna Publishers,

2007.

4. Moon, T.K., Sterling, W.C., Mathematical methods and algorithms for signal processing, Pearson

Education, 2000.

5. Richard Johnson, Miller & Freund, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, 7th Edition, Prentice –

Hall of India, Private Ltd., New Delhi (2007).

6. Taha, H.A., Operations Research, An introduction, 7th edition, Pearson education editions, Asia,

New Delhi, 2002.

7. Donald Gross and Carl M. Harris, Fundamentals of Queueing theory, 2nd edition, John Wiley and

Sons.

15MEC012 SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES 3 1 0 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To describe the types and advantages of spread spectrum modulation formats and Perform

analysis on the performance of spread spectrum modulation formats.

To understand the differences and benefits of different types of spreading codes.

To describe the differences between standard narrowband communication systems and spread

spectrum systems.

To analyze the performance of spread spectrum systems in the presence of interference.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION (12)

Origin of Spread Spectrum – Spreading the Spectrum – Progress Gain – Jamming Margin – Direct

Sequence System – Direct Sequence Signal Characteristics – Direct Sequence Code – Spectrum

relationship – Frequency Hopping Signal Characteristics – Frequency Hopping Rate and No. of

frequencies – Time Hopping – Chirp System – Hybrid Forms.

UNIT II CODE GENERATION (12)

Coding – Maximal sequences – Linear Code Generator – Auto Correlation and Cross Correlation of

codes – Composite codes – Chip rate and code length – Choosing a linear code – Generating high rate

codes – Code selection and Signal spectra – Initial Synchronization – Tracking.

UNIT III MODULATION – CORRELATION AND DEMODULATION (12)

Modulation – Balanced Modulation – Frequency Synthesis – Sending the Information – Remapping the

Spread Spectrum – Effect of non synchronous input signal – Base band recovery.

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UNIT IV SYNCHRONISATION (12)

Noise figure and Cochannel users – Dynamic range and AGC – Propagation Medium – Overall Receiver

– Transmitter Design – Ranging Techniques – Direction finding – Special Antennas.

UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF SPREAD SPECTRUM METHODS (12)

Space Systems – Avionics Systems – Test Systems and Equipment – Message Protection – Position

Location – Test and Evaluation of Spread Spectrum Systems – Sensitivity, Selectivity, Jamming Margin,

Synchronous acquisition, loss of Synchronization – Signal to noise ratio Vs Interference level – Process

gain – FCC Method – Cross Correlation – Transmitter Measurements.

TOTAL: 60 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the completion of the course the student will be able to,

CO 1: Understand the significance and importance of spreading the spectrum

CO 2: Know the working and characteristics of Direct Sequence Systems, chirp systems and

hybrid system

CO 3: Understand the fundamentals of code theory related to spread spectrum

CO 4: Understand the code length, code selection, synchronization and tracking

CO 5: Know the different modulation techniques related to spread spectrum and its baseband

recovery

CO 6: Design a transmitter and receiver with special antenna for spread spectrum communication

CO 7: Understand the navigation of spread spectrum systems such as ranging, direction finding

and special antennas

CO 8: Discuss the diverse applications of Spread Spectrum in Space, Avionics and military

applications

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. R.C.Dixon, “Spread Spectrum Systems with commercial applications”, Wiley Inter Science, 3rd

Edition, 1994.

2. George Cooper & Clare. D. Mc Gillen, “Modern Communications and Spread Spectrum”, McGraw

Hill, 1985.

3. M.K.Simon, J.K.Omura, R.A.Scholtz , “Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook, Electronic

Edition”, McGraw Hill, 1st Edition, 2001.

4. Rodger E. Ziemer, Roger L. Peterson, David E. Borth, “Introduction to Spread Spectrum

Communications”, Prentice Hall Inc., 1995.

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15MEC013 ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES 3 1 0 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To get knowledge in coherent, non–coherent receivers to demodulate digital modulated signal.

To enhance knowledge in Block coded and convolution coded digital communication techniques

To study about different equalization techniques.

UNIT I COHERENT AND NON–COHERENT COMMUNICATION (12)

Coherent receivers – Optimum receivers in WGN – IQ modulation & demodulation – Noncoherent

receivers in random phase channels; M–FSK receivers – Rayleigh and Rician channels – Partially

coherent receives – DPSK; M–PSK; M–DPSK,–BER Performance Analysis.

UNIT II BANDLIMITED CHANNELS AND DIGITAL MODULATIONS (12)

Eye pattern; demodulation in the presence of ISI and AWGN; Equalization techniques – IQ modulations;

QPSK; QAM; QBOM; –BER Performance Analysis. – Continuous phase modulation; CPFM; CPFSK;

MSK,OFDM.

UNIT III BLOCK CODED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (12)

Architecture and performance – Binary block codes; Orthogonal; Biorthogonal; Transorthogonal –

Shannon’s channel coding theorem; Channel capacity; Matched filter; Concepts of Spread spectrum

communication – Coded BPSK and DPSK demodulators – Linear block codes; Hamming; Golay; Cyclic;

BCH ; Reed – Solomon codes.

UNIT IV CONVOLUTIONAL CODED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (12)

Representation of codes using Polynomial, State diagram, Tree diagram, and Trellis diagram – Decoding

techniques using Maximum likelihood, Viterbi algorithm, Sequential and Threshold methods – Error

probability performance for BPSK and Viterbi algorithm, Turbo Coding.

UNIT V ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION (12)

Zero forcing algorithm, LMS algorithm, adaptive decision–feedback equalizer and Equalization of Trellis –

coded signals. Kalman algorithm, blind equalizers and stochastic gradient algorithm.

TOTAL: 60 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the completion of the course the student will be able to,

CO1: Understand the different key type communication like FSK, DPSK, M-DPSK and its BER

performance analysis.

CO2: Understand the different types of channel characteristics and noise problems in

communication.

CO3 Understand the specific channels like Rayleigh and Rician with respect to Gaussian Noise

(AWGN).

CO4: Design the architecture and performance of coded digital communication

CO5: Understand the channel capacity, filtering techniques like Hamming, Goley, Cyclic and

BCH

CO6: Understand the different diagrammatic method of convolutional coded communication

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CO7: Design in particular the state, tree, Trellis diagrammatic systems using different methods

like sequential, threshold, and Turbo coding methods

CO8: Understand the different techniques used in adaptive equalization like LMS, Kalman and

stochastic gradient algorithm.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. M.K.Simon, S.M.Hinedi and W.C.Lindsey, Digital communication techniques; Signalling and

detection, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi. 1995.

2. Simon Haykin, Digital communications, John Wiley and sons, 1998.

3. Wayne Tomasi, Advanced electronic communication systems, 4th Edition Pearson Education

Asia, 1998.

4. B.P.Lathi Modern digital and analog communication systems, 3rd Edition, Oxford University press

1998.

5. John G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 4th Edition, McGraw–Hill, New York , 2001.

15MEC014 DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS 3 1 0 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The student should be made to:

Understand the division of network functionalities into layers.

Be familiar with the components required to build different types of networks

Be exposed to the required functionality at each layer

Learn the flow control and congestion control algorithms

UNIT I DATA COMMUNICATION FUNDAMETNALS AND OSI REFERENCE MODEL (12)

Overview of Data Communication and Networking – Analog / Digital signals and transmission, Simplex /

Half and Full duplex and Synchronous / Asynchronous communication – Multiplexing – Transmission

Media – Circuit switching and Telephone network – DSL, ADSL and Cable Modem – Network

Configuration, Concepts of layering , ISO's OSI reference model – Physical Layer Standards – RS 232C,

RS 449, RS 422A / 423A, X.21 and V.24.

UNIT II DATA LINK LAYER (12)

Error detection and correction – Data link control and protocols – Flow and Error control – Sliding window

protocol – ARQ schemes – HDLC protocol – Point to Point Protocol – Multiple Access Techniques –

Random Access, Controlled Access – Logical Link Control (LLC) and Medium Access Sub–layer

functions – LAN standards – IEEE 802.3(CSMA/CD) – Fast Ethernet – Giga Bit Ethernet, IEEE 802.4

(Token Bus), IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring), IEEE 802.11 (Wireless LAN).

UNIT III NETWORK LAYER (12)

Network layer – Services – Virtual circuits and Data–grams – Inter–networking – Addressing – Routing –

Link state and Distance Vector Routing – Congestion control algorithms – Network Layer Protocols –

ARP, RARP, IPv4, ICMP, IPv6 and ICMPv6 – Uni–cast Routing – RIP, OSPF, BGP and Multicast Routing

– IGMP, DVMRP, MOSPF, CBT, PIM.

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UNIT IV TRANSPORT LAYER (12)

Transport layer – Services – Processes to Processes Delivery – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) –

User Datagram Protocol – Data Traffic – Congestion Control and Quality of Service – Techniques to

improve QOS – Integrated Services – Differentiated Services.

UNIT V SESSION, PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION LAYERS (12)

Session layer Design Issues, services – Presentation layer Design Issues – Network security –

Cryptography, Message Security, Digital Signature, User Authentication, Key Management, Security

Protocols in Internet – Application layer Design Issues – DNS, E–mail (SMTP), FTP, HTTP, WWW,

Virtual Terminal Protocol.

TOTAL: 60 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the completion of the course the student will be able to,

CO1: Identify different applications of computer communications networks and understand the

current state of standards in the telecommunications industry.

CO2: Understand the concept and importance of TCP/IP layered architecture

CO3: Understand the data link control using different protocols like ARQ schemes, HDLC

protocol, Point to Point Protocol and medium access.

CO4: Understand the industrial standards of the data link protocols.

CO5: Know the network layers with respect to the routing system, Congestion control

algorithms and layer protocols.

CO6: Understand the industrial standards of Telecommunication Network Layers

CO7: Understand the delivery of the data and its service with specific protocols like

Transmission Control and User data grams.

CO8: Understand the network security in terms of message security, user authentication, key

management and its application to the internet.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Forouzan : Data Communications and Networking, TMH, 3rd Edition, 2004.

2. Fred Halsall “Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems” Addison–Wesley

3. William Stallings,Data and Computer Communications,Eighth Edition,Printice Hall of India Private

Limited,2007

4. Brijendra Singh : Data Communication and Computer Networks, PHI, 2004.

5. Michael A.Gallo, William A. Hancock : Computer Communication and Networking Technologies,

Thomson Asia, 2003.

6. S.Tanenbaum : Computer Networks, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Asia Inc., 2004.

7. Leon–Garcia, Widjaja : Communication Networks, Fundamental Concepts and Key Architecture,

TMH, 2nd Edition, 2004.6. Gerd E.Keiser : Local Area Networks, TMH, 2nd Edition, 2002

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15MEC021 WIRELESS NETWORKS 3 1 0 4

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To enhance the understanding of WI–fi, 3G systems such as UMTS, CDMA2000, 4G

networks such as ad hoc and sensor, integration of WLAN and WWAN, Wimax and LTE.

UNIT I WIRELESS MEDIUM (12)

Air Interface Design – Radio propagation mechanism – Pathloss modeling and Signal Coverage – Effect

of Multipath and Doppler – Channel Measurement and Modelling – Simulation of Radio Channel.

Introduction to Ad Hoc networks – definition, characteristics features, applications. Characteristics of

Wireless channel.

UNIT II WIRELESS MEDIUM ACCESS (12)

Fixed Assignment Access for Voice Networks – Random Access for Data Networks – Integration of Voice

and Data Traffic. IEEE standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.15. HIPERLAN.

UNIT III WIRELESS NETWORK OPERATION (12)

Wireless Network Topologies – Cellular Topology – Cell fundamentals – Signal to Interference Ratio –

Capacity Expansion – Mobility Management – Resources and Power Management – Security in Wireless

Networks. Routing Algorithms: AODV, DSDV, DSR, Power/ Energy aware routing algorithm

UNIT IV END –TO – END DELIVERY AND SECURITY (12)

Transport layer: Issues in designing– Transport layer classification, adhoc transport protocols. Security

issues in adhoc networks: issues and challenges, network security attacks, secure routing protocols.

UNIT V CROSS LAYER DESIGN AND INTEGRATION OF ADHOC FOR 4G (12)

Cross layer Design: Need for cross layer design, cross layer optimization, parameter optimization

techniques, Cross layer cautionary perspective, Co–operative networks:– Architecture, methods of co–

operation, co–operative antennas, Integration of ad hoc network with other wired and wireless networks.

TOTAL: 60 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the completion of the course the student will be able to,

CO1: Understand the radio wave propagation and its path loss, multipath and Doppler effects.

CO2: Define and characterize the propagation medium for different applications.

CO3: Understand the voice in data access networks with IEEE standards.

CO4: Know HIPERLAN and its significance.

CO5: Understand the general notations and topologies of wireless networks.

CO6: Manage mobility, resource, power and security issues of wireless networks.

CO7: Design and classify the protocols used in transport layer.

CO8: Discuss the security issues and its challenges.

CO9: Design and optimize cross layers for 4G Networks.

CO10: Discuss on the antennas and its architecture for wired and wireless networks.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. C.Siva Ram Murthy and B.S.Manoj, “Ad hoc Wireless Networks Architectures and protocols”, 2nd

edition, Pearson Education. 2007

2. Kaveth Pahlavan, K.Prasanth Krishnamurthy, “Principles of Wireless Networks”, Pearson

Education Asia, 2002

3. Charles E. Perkins, “Ad hoc Networking”, Addison – Wesley, 2000.

4. Stefano Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano and Ivan Stojmenovic, “Mobile ADHOC

networking”, Wiley–IEEE press, 2004.

5. Mohammad Ilyas, “The handbook of adhoc wireless networks”, CRC press, 2002.

6. T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V. Davies “A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Research,”

Wireless Communication and Mobile Comp., Special Issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking

Research, Trends and Applications, vol. 2, no. 5, 2002, pp. 483–502.

7. Fekri M. Abduljalil and Shrikant K. Bodhe , “A survey of integrating IP mobility protocols and

Mobile Ad hoc networks”, IEEE communication Survey and tutorials, v 9.no.1 2007.

8. V.T.Raisinhani and S.Iyer “Cross layer design optimization in wireless protocol stacks”, Computer

communication, vol 27 no. 8, 2004.

9. Leon Garcia, Widjaja, “Communication Networks”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2000.

10. William Stallings, “Wireless Communications and Networks”, Second Edition Prentice Hall, India

2007.

11. Jon W Mark , Weihua Zhuang, “Wireless communication and Networking”, Prentice Hall India

2003

15MEC022 RF SYSTEM DESIGSN 3 1 0 4

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

Purpose to impart the modeling of RF system design in the field of communication system.

INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE OBJECTIVES:

RF Filter designing

Study of RF Active components

RF transistor amplifier design

Oscillators and mixers used in RF design

UNIT I RF ISSUES (12)

Importance of RF design, Electromagnetic Spectrum, RF behaviour of passive components, Chip

components and Circuit Board considerations, Scattering Parameters, Smith Chart and applications.

UNIT II RF FILTER DESIGN (12)

Overview, Basic resonator and filter configuration, Special filter realizations, Filter implementations,

Coupled filter.

UNIT III ACTIVE RF COMPONENTS & APPLICATIONS s(12)

RF diodes, BJT, RF FETs, High electron mobility transistors; Matching and Biasing Networks –

Impedance matching using discrete components, Microstripline matching networks, Amplifier classes of

operation and biasing networks.

16

UNIT IV RF AMPLIFIER DESIGNS (12)

Characteristics, Amplifier power relations, Stability considerations, Constant gain circles, Constant VSWR

circles, Low Noise circuits, Broadband , high power and multistage amplifiers.

UNIT V OSCILLATORS, MIXERS & APPLICATIONS (12)

Basic Oscillator model, High frequency oscillator configuration, Basic characteristics of Mixers; Phase

Locked Loops; RF directional couplers and hybrid couplers; Detector and demodulator circuits.

TOTAL: 60 h.

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course, the student will be able to,

CO1: Understand the fundamentals of electromagnetic spectrums related to Radio Frequency

design and technology.

CO2: Be familiar in determining the Scattering parameters using smith charts for specific

applications.

CO3: Understand the fundamentals of RF resonators and RF filters and realization of special

filters.

CO4: Configure, design and implement RF filters, more specifically the coupled filter.

CO5: Understand the working of active components such as RF Diodes, BJT, RF FET and

High electron mobility transistors.

CO6: Understand the special purpose components related to microstrip.

CO7: Discuss the stability, gain and other characteristic requirements for designing RF

Amplifiers using constant VSWR circles.

CO8: Design and configure high power, multistage and other amplifiers.

CO9: Understand the characteristics and design of oscillators, mixers and couplers

CO10: Design detector and demodulator circuits using RF components

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko, RF Circuit Design – Theory and Applications, Pearson

Education Asia, First Edition, 2001.

2. Joseph. J. Carr, Secrets of RF Circuit Design, McGraw Hill Publishers, Third Edition, 2000.

3. Mathew M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics, Pearson Education Asia,

Second Edition, 2002.

4. Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. NewKirk, RF / Microwave Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons USA

2000.

5. Roland E. Best, Phase – Locked Loops: Design, simulation and applications, McGraw Hill

Publishers 5TH edition 2003.

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15MEC023 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 3 1 0 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To understand the techniques for image enhancement and restoration.

To understand techniques for image segmentation.

To understand the techniques for compression.

UNIT I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS AND ENHANCEMENT (12)

A simple image model, Sampling and Quantization –Relationship between pixels – Imaging geometry –

Image acquisition systems, Different types of digital images.

Image Enhancement: Gray Level Transformations, Histogram Processing, Spatial Filtering: Smoothing

and Sharpening Filters –Color Image Enhancement – Color Image Processing.

UNIT II IMAGE TRANSFORMATIONS AND RESTORATION (12)

Fundamental of Image Transformation: Encoding: Mapping, Quantizer, Introduction to Fourier

transforms, Discrete Fourier transforms, Fast Fourier transform, Walsh-Hadamard transformation,

Discrete Cosine Transformation.

Image Restoration: Noise models, restoration in spatial and frequency domain, Inverse filtering, Wiener

filtering, Least square filtering.

UNIT III IMAGE DATA COMPRESSION AND MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING (12)

Image Data Compression: Fundamentals, Redundancies Coding - Error free compression, Lossy

Compression schemes. JPEG Compression standard Inter–pixel, Psycho–visual, Error free compression,

Lossy Compression schemes. JPEG Compression standard, MPEG, Sub–band Coding using Wavelet

Transform, Vector Quantization.

Morphological Image Processing: Introduction, Dilation, Erosion, Opening, Closing, Hit–or–Miss

transformation, Basic Morphological Algorithms on binary images.

UNIT IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND REPRESENTATION (12)

Image Segmentation Detection of Discontinuities - Detection of discontinuation by point detection, Line

detection,Canny Edge Detection, Edge linking and Boundary Detection, Threshold in Hierarchical Data

Structures, Border Tracing, Threshold, Region Based Segmentation. Local analysis, Global processing

via Hough transforms and graph theoretic techniques.

Image Representation: Representation schemes – Boundary Descriptors – Regional Descriptors.

UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING (12)

Case Study on Digital Watermarking, Biometric Authentication (Face, Finger Print, Signature

Recognition), Vehicle Number Plate Detection and Recognition, Object Detection using Correlation

Principle, Person Tracking using D WT, Handwritten and Printed Character Recognition, Contend Based

Image Retrieval, Text Compression.

TOTAL: 60 h

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COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the student will be able to,

CO1: Understand the acquisition, sampling, quantization and the relationship between pixels of digital images. CO2: Be familiar with Gray Level Transformations, Histogram Processing and Spatial Filtering for image enhancement. CO3: Perform the analysis of images using different image transforms such as Fourier, Fast Fourier, Walsh, Hadmord and Cosine. CO4: Segment the images using edge detection and region based segmentation methods. CO5: Understand the fundamentals of image compression and perform the same using sub band coding and vector quantization. CO6: Understand the concepts of morphological processing like Dilation, Erosion, Opening, Closing and Hit-or-Miss transformation. CO7: Perform the global processing on images using Hough transforms and graph theoretic techniques. CO8: Understand various applications of the image processing techniques. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Rafael C Gonzalez, Richard E Woods 3rd

Edition, Digital Image Processing Pearson. 2. Rafael C Gonzalez, Richard E Woods 3rd Edition, Digital Image Processing using Matlab – TMH. 3. Sonka, Digital Image Processing & Computer Vision, Cengage Learning. 4. Jayaraman, Digital Image Processing, TMH. 5. Pratt, Digital Image Processing, Wiley India. 6. Annadurai, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education. 7. Anil K.Jain, “Fundamentals of Image Processing”, PHI. 8. Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle, “Image Processing Analysis and Machine Vision”

Second Edition, Thomson Learning Inc. 9. Rafel. C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Second Edition, Pearson

Education. 10. William Pratt, “Digital Image Processing”, John Wiley.

15MEC009 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS LAB 0 0 6 3 COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enable the student to verify the basic principles of random signal processing, spectral estimation methods, wireless and AWGN channel characterization, application of adaptive filter algorithms for communication system design, coding and modulation design, synchronization aspects and the overall baseband system design.

To design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data to produce meaningful conclusions and match with theoretical concepts.

To enable the student to appreciate the practical aspects of baseband system design and understand the associated challenges.

List of Experiments

1. Design and performance analysis of error control encoder and decoder (CRC, Convolutional

Codes)

2. Determination of Maximum bit rate of a digital fiber optic link

3. OFDM transceiver design using MATLAB

4. Channel equalizer design using MATLAB ( LMS, RLS ).

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5. Design and Analysis of Spectrum Estimators ( Borlett , Welch )

6. Simulation of MIMO systems

7. Antenna radiation pattern measurements

8. Transmission line parameters – Measurement using Network Analyzer

9. Spectral Characterization of communication signals ( using Spectrum Analyzer)

10. Simulation and performance evaluation of entity mobility models using GLOMOSIM / NS2

(Random walk, Random way point)

11. Simulation and performance evaluation of Ad–hoc routing protocols using GLOMOSIM / NS2

(DSR, AODV, ZRP )

12. Simulation and performance evaluation of Wireless MAC protocols using GLOMOSIM / NS2

13. Simulation and performance evaluation of Wi –Fi LAN

14. Study of ZIGBEE /Bluetooth

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course, the student will be able to,

CO1: Design error control encoder and decoder using CRC and Convolutional coding.

CO2: Design a digital fiber optic link to minimize bit error rate.

CO3: Design efficient microwave setup to draw the radiation pattern using appropriate

antennas.

CO4: Analyze communication signals and measure its spectral characteristics using spectrum

analyzer.

CO5: Simulate OFDM transceiver, Channel equalizer and MIMO system using MATLAB

C06: Simulate entity mobility models, Ad–hoc routing protocols, MAC protocols, Wi–Fi LAN

using NS2

CO7: Analyze the characteristics and performance evaluation of ZIGBEE/Bluetooth

CO8: Design a communication model and to measure its transmission line parameters using

network analyzer.

20

SYLLABUS

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC

ELECTIVE COURSES

21

15MEC101 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY

IN SYSTEM DESIGN 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enable the student to understand the basic concepts of EMI/EMC, coupling issues and

control techniques.

To make the student familiar with EMC design of PCBs and the measurements and

standardization efforts

UNIT I EMI ENVIRONMENT (9)

EMI/EMC concepts and definitions, Sources of EMI, conducted and radiated EMI, Transient EMI, Time

domain vs Frequency domain EMI, Units of measurement parameters, Emission and immunity concepts,

ESD.

UNIT II EMI COUPLING PRINCIPLES (9)

Conducted, Radiated and Transient Coupling - Common Impedance Ground Coupling - Radiated

Common Mode and Ground Loop Coupling, Radiated Differential Mode Coupling, Near Field Cable to

Cable Coupling, Power Mains and Power Supply coupling.

UNIT III EMI/EMC STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS (9)

Civilian standards – FCC, CISPR, IEC, EN, Military standards – MIL STD 461D/462, EMI Test

Instruments / Systems, EMI Shielded Chamber, Open Area Test Site, TEM Cell, Sensors/ Injectors/

Couplers, Test beds for ESD and EFT, Military Test Method and Procedures (462).

UNIT IV EMI CONTROL TECHNIQUES (9)

Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation Transformer, Transient Suppressors, Cable Routing,

Signal Control, Component Selection and Mounting.

UNIT V EMC DESIGN OF PCBs (9)

PCB Traces Cross Talk, Impedance Control, Power Distribution Decoupling, Zoning, Motherboard

Designs and Propagation Delay Performance Models.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Understand the concept of Electro Magnetic Interference/ Electro Magnetic

Compatibility.

CO2: Discuss on the source of EMI, time frequency representation of EMI and it’s emission and

immunity concept.

CO3: Analyze the different EMI coupling principles and its impact on performance of electronic

system.

CO4: Discuss on the different EMI coupling like ground loop, differential mode, near field

patterns and power supply coupling.

CO5: Discuss on the EMI/EMC standards like FCC, CISPR, IEC, EN, and Military standards –

MIL STD 461 D/462.

CO6: Discuss on the measurement techniques and its stringent military test methods and

procedures (462).

22

CO7: Analyze various EM compatibility issues with regard to the design of PCBs and ways to

improve the overall system performance.

CO8: Discuss the various EMI control techniques like Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding,

Isolation Transformer, Transient Suppressors, Cable Routing, Signal Control, Component

Selection and Mounting

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Henry W.Ott, "Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems", John Wiley and Sons, New

York. 1988.

2. C.R.Paul, “Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility” , John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1992

3. V.P.Kodali, "Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies", IEEE Press, 1996.

4. Bernhard Keiser, "Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility", Artech house, 3rd Ed, 1986.

15MEC102 HIGH SPEED SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enable the student to understand the basics of switching technologies and their

implementation LANs, ATM networks and IP networks.

To enable the student to understand the different switching architectures and queuing strategies

and their impact on the blocking performances.

To expose the student to the advances in packet switching architectures and IP addressing and

switching solutions and approaches to exploit and integrate the best features of different

architectures for high speed switching.

UNIT I HIGH SPEED NETWORK (9)

LAN and WAN network evolution through ISDN to BISDN – Transfer mode and control of BISDN – SDH

multiplexing structure – ATM standard; ATM adaptation layers.

UNIT II LAN SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY (9)

Switching concepts; Switch forwarding techniques; switch path control – LAN switching; cut through

forwarding; store and forward – virtual LANs.

UNIT III ATM SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE (9)

Switch models – Blocking networks – basic and enhanced banyan networks – sorting networks – merge

sorting – rearrangeable networks – full and partial connection networks – nonblocking networks –

recursive network – construction and comparison of non–blocking network – switches with deflection

routing – shuffle switch – tandem banyan.

UNIT IV QUEUES IN ATM SWITCHES …….(9)

Internal queuing – Input, output and shared queuing – multiple queuing networks –combined input, output

and shared queuing – performance analysis of queued switches.

23

UNIT V IP SWITCHING (9)

Addressing mode – IP switching types–flow driven and topology driven solutions – IP Over ATM address

and next hop resolution – multicasting – IPv6 over ATM.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Understand the general purpose LAN and WAN with high speed telecommunication

connectivity from ISDN to BISDN

CO2: Discuss the issues for the specific applications – ATM and its standards and adaptation layers

CO3: Demonstrate the knowledge of LAN switching and IP switching technology

CO4: Familiar with the concepts of Virtual LANs

CO5: Understand the ATM Switching models for the various networks

CO6: Understand the concepts of queuing theory for multiple queuing networks

CO7: Analyze the performance of high speed queued switches

CO8: Discuss IP switching types and its topology for special purpose ATM application

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Achille Patavina, Switching Theory: Architectures and performance in Broadband ATM Networks,

John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York.1998.

2. Christopher Y Metz, Switching protocols & Architectures. McGraw Hill, New York.1998.

3. Ranier Handel, Manfred N Huber, Stefan Schrodder. ATM Networks–concepts, protocols,

applications, 3rd Edition, Adisson Wesley, New York, 1999.

4. John A. Chiong: Internetworking ATM for the internet and enterprise networks. McGraw Hill,

NewYork, 1998.

5. William Stallings “High speed networks” Pearson Education.

15MEC103 MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enhance the students knowledge in the area of planar microwave engineering and to make

them understand the intricacies in the design of microwave circuits.

To impart knowledge about the state of art in MIC technology.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (9)

MMIC – technology, advantages and applications, Active device technologies, design approaches,

multichip module technology, substrates.

UNIT II PASSIVE COMPONENTS (9)

Inductors, capacitors, resistors, microstrip components, coplanar circuits, multilayer techniques,

micromachined passive components, switches & attenuators, filter design.

24

UNIT III PERIODIC STRUCTURES AND FILTERS (9)

Wave analysis of periodic structures. Periodic structures composed of Unsymmetrical two port networks.

Terminated Periodic structures. Matching of Periodic structures. Floquet’s theorem and spatial.

Harmonics. Microwave Filters – Image parameter method. Filter design by insertion loss method. Low

pass filter design. Microstrip parallel coupled filter.

UNIT IV MICROWAVE SOLID STATE AMPLIFIERS (9)

S–parameters – Unilateral design of amplifiers – simultaneous conjugate match. Bilateral design of

amplifiers. Amplifier stability. Conditional and unconditional stability criteria. Amplifier power gain.

Constant gain circles. Noise temperature concept. Noise factor and noise figure. Noise temperature for

cascaded stages. Constant noise figure circles. Design of single stage microwave amplifiers.

UNIT V MICROWAVES AND OPTICS (9)

Geometrical optics as a limiting case of wave optics. Ray matrices for paraxial ray optics. Gaussian

beams. Generation of Gaussian beams at microwave frequencies. The beam waist. Propagation of

Gaussian beams in Homogeneous medium. Transformation of Gaussian beams with lenses.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the student will be able to,

CO1: Understand microwave distributed circuit elements and RF and microwave circuit

elements.

CO2: Understand the multichip module technology.

CO3: Know the working of the various passive components like resistor, inductor, capacitor and

micro strip components.

CO4: Design different filter circuits and analyze the same using the different passive elements.

CO5: Understand the wave analysis of periodic structures and matching techniques.

CO6: Understand Floquet’s theorem and microwave filter design with its characteristics

CO7: Discuss on amplifier characteristics such as stability, power gain, temperature influence

and noise factors.

CO8: Compare microwaves and optical waves using Ray and Wave theory.

CO9: Analyze Gaussian beams at microwave frequencies.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. R. E. Collin, “Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, McGraw–Hill, 1992.

2. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer: “Fields and Waves in communication electronics”. 3rd Edition.

Wiley, 1997.

3. David M Pozar,” Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2004

25

15MEC104 MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enable the student to understand the basic characteristics of multimedia components and

the different methods for compressing audio, video, text and images.

To expose the students to the challenges of IP based transport and the solution approaches

considering the example case of VoIP technology.

To enable the student to understand the different networking aspects with reference to

multimedia transmission.

UNIT I MULTIMEDIA COMPONENTS (9)

Introduction – Multimedia skills – Multimedia components and their characteristics – Text, sound, images,

graphics, animation, video, hardware.

UNIT II LOSSLESS COMPRESSION (9)

Compression principles–source encoders and destination encoders––entropy encoding –source encoding

–text compression – static Huffman coding dynamic coding – arithmetic coding – Lempel Ziv–Welch

Compression.

UNIT III AUDIO AND VIDEO COMPRESSION (9)

Audio compression–DPCM –Adaptive PCM –adaptive predictive coding–linear Predictive coding–code

excited LPC–perpetual coding, MP3; Video compression –principles–H.261–H.263–MPEG 1, 2, 4.

UNIT IV VoIP TECHNOLOGY (9)

Basics of IP transport, VoIP challenges, H.323/ SIP– Network Architecture, Protocols, Call establishment

and release, VoIP and SS7, Quality of Service– CODEC Methods–VOIP applicability.

UNIT V MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING (9)

Multimedia networking – Applications–streamed stored and audio–making the best Effort service–

protocols for real time interactive Applications–distributing multimedia–beyond best effort service–

secluding and policing Mechanisms–integrated services–differentiated Services–RSVP.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

CO1: Know the basic concepts of multimedia information representation and requirement of

multimedia communication in digital world.

CO2: Acquire the knowledge about multimedia skills and compare text, audio, image and video

data.

CO3: Understand the lossless compression principles and various encoding techniques.

CO4: To be familiar with Arithmetic, Huffman, Lempel –Ziv and Lempel–Ziv Welch coding.

CO4: Analyze the fundamentals of audio and video data compression techniques.

CO5: Apply the different compression techniques like PCM, DPCM, LPC and MPEG in

multimedia networks.

CO6: Compare MPEG1, MPEG2 MPEG4 and H.26X compression standards..

26

CO7: Understand VOIP technology and identify the challenges of using VOIP in networking

technology.

CO8: Discuss on the real time interactive applications like distributing multimedia, integrated

services and differentiated services

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fred Halshall, “Multimedia communication – applications, networks, protocols and standards”,

Pearson education, 2007.

2. Tay Vaughan, “Multimedia: Making it work”, 7/e, TMH, 2007.

3. Kurose and W.Ross, “Computer Networking –A top down approach” ,Pearson education, 3rd

ed,

2005.

4. Marcus Gonzalves, “Voice over IP Networks”, McGraw Hill,

5. KR. Rao,Z S Bojkovic, D A Milovanovic, “Multimedia Communication Systems: Techniques,

Standards, and Networks”, Pearson Education 2007

6. R. Steimnetz, K. Nahrstedt, “Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications”, Pearson

Education, First ed, 1995.

7. Ranjan Parekh, “Principles of Multimedia”, TMH, 2006

15MEC105 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enable the student to understand the necessity for satellite based communication, the

essential elements involved and the transmission methodologies.

To enable the student to understand the different interferences and attenuation mechanisms

affecting the satellite link design.

To expose the student to the advances in satellite based navigation, GPS and the different

application scenarios.

UNIT I ORBITAL MECHANICS (9)

Kepler's laws of motion, Orbits, Orbit Equations, Orbit Description, Locating the Satellite in the Orbit and

with Respect to Earth, Orbital Elements–Look Angle Determination and Visibility – Orbital Perturbations,

Orbit Determination, Launch Vehicles, Orbital Effects in Communication System – Performance Attitude

control; Satellite launch vehicles. spectrum allocations for satellite systems.

UNIT II SPACECRAFT SUB SYSTEMS AND EARTH STATION (9)

Spacecraft Subsystems, Altitude and Orbit Control, Telemetry and Tracking, Power Systems,

Communication Subsystems, Transponders, Antennas, Equipment Reliability, Earth Stations, Example of

payloads of operating and planned systems.

UNIT III SPACE LINKS (9)

The Space Link, Satellite Link Design – Satellite uplink – down link power Budget, Basic Transmission

Theory, System Noise Temperature , G/T Ratio, Noise Figure, Downlink Design, Design of Satellite Links

for Specified C/N – Microwave Propagation on Satellite – Earth Paths. Interference between satellite

circuits, Energy Dispersal, propagation characteristics of fixed and mobile satellite links.

27

UNIT IV MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES AND NETWORK ASPECTS (9)

Single access vs. multiple access (MA). Classical MA techniques: FDMA, TDMA. Single channel per

carrier (SCPC) access – Code division multiple access (CDMA). Demand assignment techniques.

Examples of MA techniques for existing and planned systems (e.g. the satellite component of

UMTS).Mobile satellite network design, ATM via satellite. TCP/IP via satellite – Call control, handover and

call set up procedures. Hybrid satellite–terrestrial networks.

UNIT V SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS (9)

Fixed and mobile services – Multimedia satellite services – Advanced applications based on satellite

platforms – INTELSAT series – INSAT, VSAT, Remote Sensing – Mobile satellite service: GSM. GPS,

INMARSAT, Navigation System, Direct to Home service (DTH), Special services, E–mail, Video

conferencing and Internet connectivity.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

CO1 Discuss on the fundamentals of Orbital motions in the atmosphere with fundamental laws

like Keplers law of motion and Orbital equations.

CO2: Understand the orbital Perturbations, Orbit Determination and Orbital Effects in

Communication System.

CO3: Familiar with Spacecraft Subsystems, Altitude and Orbit Control, Telemetry and Tracking,

Power Systems

CO4: Understand the various Communication Subsystems like Transponders and Antennas

used in Satellite communication.

CO5: Understand the satellite design link in space with the power budget parameter.

CO6: Characterize the space link noise temperatures, noise factor, energy distribution and

propagation characteristics.

CO7 Understand the terrestrial multiple access layer techniques like FDMA, TDMA and

CDMA.

CO8: Discuss on special purpose applications like Mobile networks and ATM.

CO9: Appreciate the Fixed, mobile and Multimedia satellite services.

CO10: Understand the different Special services like E–mail, Video conferencing and Internet

connectivity.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Dennis Roddy, “Satellite Communications”, 3rd Edition, Mc Graw Hill International Editions, 2001

2. Bruce R.Elbert, “Introduction to Satellite Communication” , Artech House Inc.,1999.

3. Timothy Pratt, Charles W. Bostian, Jeremy Allnutt, “Satellite Communications”, 2nd Edition,

Wiley, John & Sons, 2002

4. Wilbur L.Pritchard, Hendri G.Suyderhood, Robert A.Nelson, “Satellite Communication Systems

Engineering”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993

5. Tri T.Ha, "Digital satellite communication", 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New york.1990

28

15MEC106 MOBILE COMMUNICATION 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The student should be made to: Know the characteristic of wireless channel Learn the various

cellular architectures

Understand the concepts behind various digital signaling schemes for fading channels

Be familiar the various multipath mitigation technique

Understand the various multiple antenna systems

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION (9)

History of wireless communications, Mobile and Personal communications: Cell phone generations,

Cellular networks, The mobile radio environment, Cellular concept and frequency reuse, Multiple access

technologies for cellular systems, Channel assignment and hand off, Mobile radio interference.

UNIT II PROPAGATION ISSUES (9)

Prediction of propagation loss–Prediction over flat terrain, Point–point prediction, Calculation of fading

and methods of reducing fading– Amplitude fading, Selective fading, Diversity schemes, combining

techniques.

UNIT III ANTENNA SYSTEMS (9)

Design parameters at the Base station– Antenna locations, spacing, heights, configurations, Design

parameters at the Mobile unit – Directional antennas and diversity schemes, Antenna connections and

locations.

UNIT IV PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (PCS) (9)

The concept of PCS/PCN, Function, Evolution of personal Communications, Requirements of PCS, PCS

environment, Differences between PCS and Cellular systems, IS–136(TDMA) PCS, IS–95 CDMA PCS,

Data Communication with PCS, PCS standards, PCS economics .

UNIT V UNIVERSAL PERSONAL TELECOMMUNICATION (UPT) (9)

UPT: Concept and service aspects, Functional Architecture, Numbering, Routing and Billing aspects,

Access security requirements for UPT Digital Cellular Mobile Systems– GSM, IS–136, PDC, IS–95, IMT–

2000: Third generation Mobile Communication Systems, W–CDMA, CDMA–2000, EDGE.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Understand the basics of Wireless Communication and Cellular networks

CO2: Familiar with the concepts of Frequency reuse, channel assignment, hand off strategies

and multiple access technology

CO3: Predict the propagation of radio waves over a flat terrain in point to point communication

CO4: Understand the concepts of fading and methods to reduce the same

CO5: Understand the characteristics and design parameters of antennas used in the base

station and mobile units.

29

CO6: Understand the concept and requirements of Personal Communication System (PCS)

and differentiate PCS & Cellular Networks

CO7: Know the different PCS standards such as IS–136(TDMA) PCS and IS–95 CDMA PCS

CO8: Discuss the concepts, service aspects, Functional Architecture, Numbering, Routing and

Billing aspects and security requirements for Universal Personal Telecommunication

(UPT) Systems

CO9: Familiar with the UPT Digital Cellular Mobile Systems like GSM, IS–136, PDC, IS–95,

IMT– 2000, W–CDMA, CDMA–2000 and EDGE

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. William C.Y.Lee, “Mobile Communications Design Fundamentals”, second edition, John Wiley &

sons, 1993.

2. Raj Pandya, “Mobile and Personal Communication systems and services”, PHI, New Delhi, 2003.

3. Blake, “Wireless Communication Technology”, Thomson Asia Pte, Ltd, Singapore, 2001.

4. Bud Bates, “Wireless networked telecommunications– Concepts, Technology and

Implementation”, McGraw–Hill International Editions, 1995.

5. Jack.M.Holtzman, David J. Goodman ( Er.s), “ Wireless and Mobile Communications”, Allied

6. Publishers Limited, 1996.

7. Andy Dorman, “The Essential Guide to Wireless Communications applications”, Pearson

Education Asia, 2001.

6. Jon W Mark, Weihua Zhuang, “Wireless communication and Networking”, Prentice Hall India

2003.

15MEC107 WAVELET THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To study the basics of Fourier transforms and short time Fourier transforms

To study the wavelet transform in both continuous and discrete domain

To understand Multi Resolution Analysis and Wavelet concepts

To understand the applications of Wavelet transform

UNIT I INTRODUCTION (9)

Fundamentals of Fourier series, Fourier Coefficients, introduction to Fourier transform, Theorems of

Fourier Transforms, problems of time localisation, short time Fourier transform and concepts.

UNIT II CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM (9)

Wavelet Transform – definition and properties – concept of scale and its relation with frequency –

Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) – Scaling function and wavelet functions : - Mexican Hat, Sinc,

Gaussian, Bi–Orthogonal.

30

UNIT III DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM (9)

Filter Banks and sub band coding principles – Wavelet Filters – Inverse DWT computation by Filter banks

–Basic Properties of Filter coefficients –Choice of wavelet function coefficients –Derivation of Daubechies

Wavelets, Coiflet – Multi–band Wavelet transforms.

UNIT IV MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSIS (9)

Definition of Multi Resolution Analysis (MRA) – Haar basis – Construction of general orthonormal MRA

Wavelet basis– Continuous time MRA interpretation for the DTWT – Discrete time MRA– Basis functions

for the DTWT–QMF filter banks.

UNIT V CASE STUDY (9)

Time Series signal function: Biomedical Application, Digital Image Processing: Underwater Application,

Time frequency analysis: Denoising.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

CO1: Understand the fundamentals of Fourier series and Fourier transform.

CO2: Address the problems of time localization using Short Term Fourier Transform.

CO3: Understand the fundamentals of Continuous Wavelet Transform using Mexican Hat, Sinc,

Gaussian, Bi–Orthogonal wavelets.

CO4: Understand the fundamentals of Discrete Wavelet Transform using Daubechies and

Coiflet wavelets.

CO5: Appreciate the computation of DWT and IDWT using filter banks

CO6: Discuss on the definition of Multi Resolution Analysis (MRA).

CO7: Understand HAAR basis and construction of Orthonormal MRA.

CO8: Apply DWT and CWT for diverse applications and understand time-frequency analysis.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Rao .R.M and A. S .Bopardikar, "Wavelet Transforms: Introduction to theory and Applications”,

Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2000.

2. Strang G, Nguyen T, "Wavelets and Filter Banks," Wellesley Cambridge Press, 1996

3. Vetterli M, Kovacevic J., "Wavelets and Sub–band Coding," Prentice Hall, 1995

4. Mallat S., "Wavelet tour of Signal Processing”, Academic Press, 1996

5. Grewal B.S, ‘Higher Engineering Mathematics’, 41st Edition, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 2011.

31

15MEC108 ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To provide an in–depth coverage of the adaptive filter theory.

To provide the mathematical framework for the understanding of adaptive statistical signal

processing.

To know the basic tools of vector spaces and discrete–time stochastic process.

To understand the various issues involved in adaptive filtering.

To various types of adaptive filters will be introduced and their properties will be studied,

specifically convergence, tracking, robustness and computational complexity.

Learn to apply adaptive filter theory using prescribed case studies.

UNIT I DISCRETE RANDOM SIGNAL PROCESSING (9)

Discrete Random Processes– Ensemble Averages, Stationary processes, Bias and Estimation, Auto

covariance, Autocorrelation, Parseval’s theorem, Wiener–Khintchine relation, White noise, Power

Spectral Density, Spectral factorization, Filtering Random Processes, Special types of Random

Processes – ARMA, AR, MA – Yule–Walker equations.

UNIT II SPECTRAL ESTIMATION (9)

Estimation of spectra from finite duration signals, Nonparametric methods – Periodogram, Modified

periodogram, Bartlett, Welch and Blackman–Tukey methods, Parametric methods – ARMA, AR and MA

model based spectral estimation, Solution using Levinson–Durbin algorithm.

UNIT III LINEAR ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION (9)

Linear prediction – Forward and Backward prediction, Solution of Prony’s normal equations, Least mean–

squared error criterion, Wiener filter for filtering and prediction, FIR and IIR Wiener filters, Discrete

Kalman filter.

UNIT IV ADAPTIVE FILTERS (9)

FIR adaptive filters – adaptive filter based on steepest descent method– Widrow–Hopf LMS algorithm,

Normalized LMS algorithm, Adaptive channel equalization, Adaptive echo cancellation, Adaptive noise

cancellation, RLS adaptive algorithm.

UNIT V MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (9)

Mathematical description of change of sampling rate – Interpolation and Decimation, Decimation by an

integer factor, Interpolation by an integer factor, Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor, Polyphase

filter structures, Multistage implementation of multirate system, Application to subband coding – Wavelet

transform.

TOTAL: 45 h

32

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Understand the fundamentals of probability and statistics and its theorems like Autocorrelation,

Parseval’s theorem and Wiener–Khintchine.

CO2: Understand white noise, power spectrum, Spectral factorization, filtering and special types of

random processes like ARMA, AR, MA and Yule–Walker equations.

CO3: Know spectral estimations with non parametric methods like Periodogram, Modified periodogram,

Bartlett, Welch and Blackman–Tukey methods.

CO4: Discuss on the spectral estimation solutions using Levinson–Durbin algorithm

CO5: Know the linear estimation and its prediction using methods like Prony’s normal equations, least

mean–squared error criterion and Wiener filter.

CO6: Design special purpose IIR and FIR filters using Wiener and Kalman filters.

CO7: Design and implement adaptive filters using LMS and normalzed LMS algorithms.

CO8: Understand adaptive channel equalization, Adaptive echo cancellation and Adaptive noise

cancellation.

CO9: Familiar with sampling rate conversion, Interpolation and Decimation methods.

CO10: Understand the concepts of Polyphase filter structures and Multistage implementation of filters

and wavelets.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Monson H. Hayes, ‘Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc,

Singapore, 2002

2. John J. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, : Digital Signal Processing’, Pearson Education, 2002

3. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “ Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education Inc., Second

Edition, 2004 (For Wavelet Transform Topic)

15MEC109 SPEECH AND AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To introduce speech production and related parameters of speech

To show the computation and use of techniques such as short time Fourier transform, linear

predictive coefficients and other coefficients in the analysis of speech.

To understand different speech modeling procedures such as Markov and their

implementation issues.

UNIT I MECHANICS OF SPEECH (9)

Speech Production Mechanism – Nature of Speech Signal – Discrete Time Modelling of Speech

Production – Representation of Speech Signals – Classification of Speech Sounds – Phones –

Phonemes – Phonetic and Phonemic Alphabets– Articulatory Features – Music Production – Auditory

Perception – Anatomical Pathways from the Ear to the Perception of Sound – Peripheral Auditory System

Psycho Acoustics.

33

UNIT II TIME DOMAIN METHODS FOR SPEECH PROCESSING (9)

Time Domain Parameters of Speech Signal – Methods for Extracting the Parameters Energy, Average

Magnitude – Zero Crossing Rate – Silence Discrimination Using ZCR and Energy – Short Time Auto

Correlation Function – Pitch Period Estimation Using Auto Correlation Function.

UNIT III FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHOD FOR SPEECH PROCESSING (9)

Short Time Fourier Analysis – Filter Bank Analysis – Formant Extraction – Pitch Extraction– Analysis by

Synthesis – Analysis Synthesis Systems – Phase Vocoder– Channel Vocoder – Homomorphic Speech

Analysis: Cepstral Analysis of Speech– Formant and Pitch Estimation – Homomorphic Vocoders.

UNIT IV LINEAR PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH (9)

Formulation of Linear Prediction Problem in Time Domain – Basic Principle – Auto Correlation Method –

Covariance Method – Solution of LPC Equations – Cholesky Method – Durbin's Recursive Algorithm –

Lattice Formation and Solutions– Comparison of Different Methods – Application of LPC Parameters –

Pitch Detection using LPC Parameters – Formant Analysis –VELP – CELP.

UNIT V APPLICATION OF SPEECH & AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING (9)

Algorithms: Spectral Estimation, Dynamic Time Warping, Hidden Markov Model – Music Analysis – Pitch

Detection – Feature Analysis for Recognition – Music Synthesis – Automatic Speech Recognition –

Feature Extraction for ASR– Deterministic Sequence Recognition – Statistical Sequence Recognition –

ASR Systems – Speaker Identification and Verification – Voice Response System – Speech Synthesis:

Text to Speech – Voice Over IP.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of the course the students will be able to,

CO1: Know the fundamentals of speech mechanism and its representation, classification, phonetics

and Phonemic Alphabets

CO2: Understand the anatomical pathways from the ear to the perception of sound

CO3: Familiar with the time domain processing and feature extraction methods of speech signal

CO4: Understand Short Time Auto Correlation Function and Pitch Period Estimation using Auto

Correlation Function

CO5: Familiar with the frequency domain processing and filter bank analysis of speech signal

CO6: Perform the Homomorphic and Cepstral analysis of speech signals

CO7: Perform Linear Predictive Analysis using Autocorrelation, Covariance, Cholesky Method and

Durbin's Recursive Algorithm

CO8: Design and implement speech signal processing system for various applications like Automatic

Speech Recognition, Speaker Identification and Verification.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. L R Rabiner and R W Schaffer, “Digital Processing of Speech signals”, Prentice Hall, 1978.

2. Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, “Speech and Audio Signal Processing”, John Wiley and Sons,

Inc., Singapore 2004.

3. Quatieri, “Discrete time Speech Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall 2001.

4. J L Flanagan, “Speech analysis Synthesis and Perception”, 2nd edition, Berlin 1972.

5. I H Witten, “Principles of Computer Speech”, Academic Press, 1982.

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15MEC110 GPS and GSM 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To know the basic concepts of GPS system and its application

To study about the basics of Satellite orbits and reference systems

To study about the GPS MEASUREMENT.

To understand the Structure of GSM network, Device Addressing–MSISDN, IMSI, IMEI,TMSI,

GSM System Operation, EDGE,WCDMA.

To study about the GSM SERVICES.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO GPS (9)

Satellites, Introduction to Tracking and GPS System, Applications of Satellite and GPS for 3D position,

Velocity, Determination as function of time, Interdisciplinary applications (eg. Crystal dynamics, gravity

field mapping, reference frame, atmospheric occulation) Basic concepts of GPS. Space Segment, Control

segment, user segment, History of GPS constellation, GPS measurement characteristics, selective

availability (AS), Ant spoofing (AS).

UNIT II ORBITS AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS (9)

Basics of Satellite orbits and reference systems–Two–body problem, orbit elements, timer system and

timer transfer using GPS, coordinate systems, GPS Orbit design, orbit determination problem, tracking

networks, GPS force and measurement models for orbit determination, orbit broadcast ephemeris,

precise GPS ephemeris –Tracking Problems.

UNIT III GPS MEASUREMENTS and GPS APPLICATIONS (9)

GPS Observable–Measurement types(C/A Code,P–code,L1 and L2 frequencies for navigation, pseudo

ranges),atmospheric delays (Tropospheric and Ionospheric), data format (RINEX),data

combination(narrow/wide lane combinations, ionosphere–free combinations, single, double, triple

differences), undifferenced models, carrier phase Vs Integrated Doppler, Integer biases, cycle slips, clock

error Surveying, Geophysics, Geodsey, Airborne GPS, Ground–transportation, Space borne GPS orbit

determination, attitude control, meteorological and climate research using GPS.

UNIT IV GSM SERVICES (9)

Voice services, data services, group call, and messaging services, GSM products, GSM radio, Radio

channels, Logic channels.

UNIT IV GSM NETWORK (9)

Structure of GSM network, Device Addressing – MSISDN, IMSI, IMEI, TMSI, GSM System Operation,

EDGE, WCDMA.

TOTAL: 45 h

35

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of the course the students will be able to,

CO1: Know the fundamentals of GPS systems through understanding of satellite tracking, 3D positions,

velocity and its time determination

CO2: Understand the basic concepts of GPS. Space Segment, Control segment and user segment,

measurement and availability

CO3: Understand the basics of the orbit and reference systems like orbit elements, timer system and

timer transfer with the GPS coordinate system.

CO4: Understand the tracking of reference systems using orbit broadcast ephemeris, precise GPS

ephemeris and its problems.

CO5: Familiar with the differential GPS at the receiver end and understand the measurements, data

formats and data combinations.

CO6: Know the applications of GPS mainly on surveying using Space borne GPS orbit determination,

attitude control, meteorological and climate research using GPS methods.

CO7: Understand GSM radio, Radio channels and Logic channels.

CO8: Know the structure of GSM networks and understand MSISDN, IMSI, IMEI, TMSI methods.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. B.Hoffman – Wellenhof, H. Lichtenegger and J. Collins, “GPS: Theory and Practice ".4th revised

Edition, Springer, Wein, New york,1997.

2. A. Leick, “GPS Satellite Surveying", 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,NewYork,1995

3. B. Parkinson, J. Spilker, Jr (Eds), “GPS: Theory and Applications", Vol. I & Vol. II, AIAA,370

L'Enfant Promenade SW,Washington,DC20024,1996.

4. A. Kleusberg and P.Teunisen (Eds), GPS for Geodesy, Springer–Verlag, Berlin,1996.

5. L. Adams, “The GPS. A Shared National Asset, Chair, National Academy Press, Washington,

DC, 1995.

6. Lawrence Harte: “Introduction to GSM: Physical Channels, Logical Channels, Network, and

Operation” ALTHOS Publishing.

15MEC111 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To learn how to create a successful simulation study based on simulation methodologies

and to design and analyze the simulation model of communication systems.

UNIT I SIMULATION METHODOLOGY (9)

Introduction, Aspects of methodology, Performance Estimation, Simulation sampling frequency, Low pass

equivalent simulation models for bandpass signals, Multicarrier signals, Non–linear and time–varying

systems, Post processing – Basic graphical techniques and estimations.

36

UNIT II RANDOM SIGNAL GENERATION & PROCESSING (9)

Uniform random number generation, Mapping uniform random variables to an arbitrary PDF, Correlated

and Uncorrelated Gaussian random number generation, PN sequence generation, Random signal

processing, Testing of random number generators.

UNIT III MONTE CARLO SIMULATION (9)

Fundamental concepts, Application to communication systems, Monte Carlo integration, Semianalytic

techniques, Case study: Performance estimation of a wireless system.

UNIT IV ADVANCED MODELS & SIMULATION TECHNIQUES (9)

Modeling and simulation of non–linearities: Types, Memoryless non–linearities, Non-linearities with

memory, Modeling and simulation of Time varying systems: Random process models, Tapped delay line

model, Modeling and simulation of waveform channels, Discrete Memoryless channel models, Markov

model for discrete channels with memory.

UNIT V EFFICIENT SIMULATION TECHNIQUES (9)

Tail extrapolation, PDF estimators, Importance Sampling methods, Case study: Simulation of a Cellular

Radio System.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of the course the students will be able to,

CO1: Understand the need, basic aspects and analyze the performance of systems using simulation

study.

CO2: Obtain Low pass equivalent models for band pass and multi carrier signals.

CO3: Generate and map uniform, Gaussian and PN sequence random numbers with arbitary PDF.

CO4: Process random numbers.

CO5: Understand the fundamental concepts and application of Monte Carlo simulation for wireless

systems.

CO6: Simulate different types of non-linearities with and without memory.

CO7: Model and simulate waveform channels like Discrete Memoryless channel and Markov for

discrete channels with memory.

CO8: Simulate and analyze the performance of a cellular radio system.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. William.H.Tranter, K. Sam Shanmugam, Theodore. S. Rappaport, Kurt L. Kosbar, Principles of

Communication Systems Simulation, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd, 2004.

2. M.C. Jeruchim, P. Balaban and K. Sam Shanmugam, Simulation of Communication Systems:

Modeling, Methodology and Techniques, Plenum Press, New York, 2001.

3. Averill.M.Law and W. David Kelton, Simulation Modeling and Analysis, McGraw Hill Inc., 2000.

4. Geoffrey Gorden, System Simulation, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd

Edition, 1992.

5. Jerry Banks and John S. Carson, Discrete Event System Simulation, Prentice Hall of India, 1984.

37

15MEC112 ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enhance the students knowledge in the area of various antenna design and to make them.

To understand their radiation mechanism.

To impart knowledge about the state of art in antenna technology.

UNIT I CONCEPTS OF RADIATION (9)

Retarded vector potentials – Heuristic approach and Maxwell’s equation approach. Electric vector

potential F for a magnetic current source M. Duality theorem. The Lorentz gauge condition. Vector

potential in Phasor form. Fields radiated by an alternating current element and half wave dipole. Total

power radiated and radiation resistance of alternating current element and half wave dipole. Power

radiated in the far field. Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization. Development of the Poincare sphere.

UNIT II ANTENNA ARRAYS (9)

N element linear arrays – uniform amplitude and spacing– Phased arrays– Directivity of Broadside and

End fire arrays. Three dimensional characteristics – Pattern multiplication– Binomial arrays and Dolph–

Tchebycheff arrays. Circular array. Mutual coupling in arrays, multidimensional arrays– phased arrays

and array feeding techniques.

UNIT III ANTENNA SYNTHESIS (9)

Synthesis problem – Line source based beam synthesis methods (Fourier transform and Woodward–

Lawson sampling method – Linear array shaped beam synthesis method – Low side lobe, narrow main

beam synthesis methods – discretization of continuous sources – Schelkunoff polynomial method.

UNIT IV APERTURE ANTENNAS (9)

Radiation from apertures – Huygens Principle. Rectangular apertures– techniques for evaluating gain,

Circular apertures and their design considerations– Babinets principle Fraunhoffer and Fresnel diffraction.

Complimentary screens and slot antennas. Slot and dipoles as dual antennas. Fourier transform in

aperture antenna theory.

UNIT V HORN, MICROSTRIP, REFLECTOR ANTENNAS (9)

E and H plane sectoral Horns. Pyramidal horns. Conical and corrugated Horns. Multimode horns. Phase

center. Microstrip antennas – feeding methods. Rectangular patch – Transmission line model – Circular

patch Parabolic Reflector antennas – Prime focus and cassegrain reflectors. Equivalent focal length of

Cassegrain antennas. Spillover and taper efficiencies. Optimum illumination.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Understand the fundamentals of radiation using Maxwell equation and its derivatives.

CO2: Familiar with the field radiation vector potential and currents of half wave dipoles.

CO3: Design n-element linear array and its characteristics.

CO4: Understand circular array, mutual coupling in arrays, multidimensional arrays and phased arrays.

38

CO5: Perform synthesis of antennas using Fourier Transform and Woodward– Lawson sampling

method.

CO6: Understand the characteristics of antenna using Linear array shaped beam synthesis methods.

CO7: Understand the near far field patterns of transmitting antenna.

CO8: Know special purpose Circular antenna and its design considerations.

CO9: Understand the components of microwave transmitters and receivers like Horn, Microstrip,

Reflector Antennas.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Balanis, C.A., “Antenna Theory” Wiley,2003

2. Warren L. Stutzman and Gary A. Thiele,“ Antenna theory and design”John Wiley and sons 1998

3. Jordan, E.C., “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems”. PHI 2003

4. Krauss, J.D., “ Radio Astronomy” McGraw–Hill 1966, for the last unit (reprints available)

5. Krauss, J.D.,, Fleisch,D.A., “Electromagnetics” McGraw–Hill,1999

15MEC113 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enable the student to understand the role of sensors and the networking of sensed data for

different applications.

To expose the students to the sensor node essentials and the architectural details, the medium

access and routing issues and the energy constrained operational scenario.

To enable the student to understand the challenges in synchronization and localization of sensor

nodes, topology management for effective and sustained communication, data management and

security aspects.

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (9)

Challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks – Characteristics requirements – required mechanisms,

Difference between mobile ad–hoc and sensor networks, Applications of sensor networks– Enabling

Technologies for Wireless Sensor Networks.

UNIT II ARCHITECTURES (9)

Single–Node Architecture – Hardware Components, Energy Consumption of Sensor Nodes, Operating

Systems and Execution Environments, Network Architecture – Sensor Network Scenarios, Optimization

Goals and Figures of Merit, Gateway Concepts.

UNIT III NETWORKING OF SENSORS (9)

Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Considerations, MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks,

Low Duty Cycle Protocols And Wakeup Concepts – S–MAC , The Mediation Device Protocol, Wakeup

Radio Concepts, Address and Name Management, Assignment of MAC Addresses, Routing Protocols –

Energy–Efficient Routing, Geographic Routing.

UNIT IV INFRASTRUCTURE ESTABLISHMENT (9)

Topology Control, Clustering, Time Synchronization, Localization and Positioning, Sensor Tasking and

Control.

39

UNIT V SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS AND TOOLS (9)

Operating Systems and Execution Environments for Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensor Node Hardware –

Berkeley Motes, Programming Challenges, Node–level software platforms, Node–level Simulators, State–

centric programming.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course, the students will be able to

CO1: Understand the challenges, characteristic requirements and applications of Wireless Sensor

Networks.

CO2: Discuss the architecture, hardware components and energy consumption of sensor nodes.

CO3: Understand the different sensor network scenarios, optimization goals and figures of merit.

CO4 Know the various network level protocols for MAC, routing, time synchronization, aggregation,

consensus and distributed tracking.

CO5: Understand energy efficient and geographic routing.

CO6: Discuss the Topology, Clustering, Time Synchronization, Localization and Positioning, Sensor

Tasking and Control.

CO7: Know the operating systems and execution environments of Wireless Sensor Networks.

CO8: Familiar with the programming challenges, software platforms, simulators and state centric

programming.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Holger Karl & Andreas Willig, “Protocols And Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks”, John

Wiley, 2005.

2. Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks – An Information process Approach.

3. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, & Taieb Znati, “Wireless Sensor Networks– Technology, Protocols,

And Applications”, John Wiley, 2007.

4. Anna Hac, “Wireless Sensor Network Designs”, John Wiley, 2003.

5. Bhaskar Krishnamachari, ”Networking Wireless Sensors”, Cambridge Press,2005.

6. Mohammad Ilyas And Imad Mahgaob, “Handbook Of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless And Wired

Sensing Systems”, CRC Press,2005.

7. Wayne Tomasi, “Introduction To Data Communication And Networking”, Pearson Education, 2007.

15MEC114 OPTICAL NETWORKS 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To understand the fiber optical communication system.

To understand the integrated components on optical network.

To acquire knowledge of architecture and standards of optical network.

To make case study of higher order optical network.

UNIT I BASICS OF OPTICAL FIBERS AND ITS COMPONENTS (9)

Optical Fibers - Fundamentals, Single / Multimode fiber loss, Dispersion - Components characteristics

Couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches, and wavelength converters.

40

UNIT II OPTICAL SOURCES AND DETECTORS (9)

LEDs and Laser diodes - Fundamentals of heterodyne Junction Diode - PIN and Avalanche & Photo

detector - Circuit design

UNIT III OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND OPTICAL NETWORKS (9)

General principle of optical communication - SDM, TDM, and WDM approaches, Application areas,

Optical TDM Networks: Multiplexing and de-multiplexing, Synchronization, Broadcast networks, Switch-

based networks, OTDM test beds.

UNIT IV SONET AND SDH NETWORKS (9)

Integration of TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Transport overhead, Alarms, Multiplexing, Network

elements, Topologies, Protection architectures, Ring architectures, Network Management.

UNIT V WAVELENGTH-ROUTING NETWORKS (9)

Node designs, Issues in Network design and operation, Optical layer cost Tradeoffs, Routing and

Wavelength assignment, Wavelength routing test beds.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Understand the fundamentals of optical fibers, fiber modes, different kind of losses, signal

distortion in optical wave guides and other signal degradation factors.

CO2: Aware of the characteristics of the different fiber optic components like couplers, isolators,

circulators, multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches, and wavelength converters.

CO3: Familiar with the various optical source materials, LED structures, quantum efficiency, Laser

diodes

CO4: Know the fundamentals of Laser diodes, Heterodyne Junction diode, PIN and Avalanche diode.

CO5: Understand the operational principles of SDM, TDM and WDM.

CO6: Familiar with Multiplexing, de-multiplexing and Synchronization Optical TDM Networks.

CO7: Understand the Network elements, Topologies and architectures of SONET and SDH Networks.

CO8: Recognize and resolve the various issues in Network design and operation.

REFERENCES

1. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A practical perspective, Morgan

Kaufmann, 2nd edition, 2004.

2. Vivek Alwayn, Optical Network Design and Implementation, Pearson Education, 2004.

3. C.Siva Ram Moorthy and Mohan Gurusamy, “WDM Optical Networks: Concept, Design and

Algorithms”, PHI, 1st Edition, 2002.

4. Hussein T.Mouftab and Pin-Han Ho, Optical Networks: Architecture and Survivability, Kluwer

Academic Publishers, 2002.

5. Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks, McGraw Hill, 1997.

6. P. E. Green, jr., "Fiber Optical Networks", Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993.

41

15MEC115 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND RTOS 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

Deep state–of–the–art theoretical knowledge in the areas of real–time systems, artificial

intelligence, learning systems, sensor and measuring systems, and their interdisciplinary

nature needed for integrated hardware/software development of embedded systems.

UNIT I EMBEDDED ARCHITECTURE (9)

Embedded Computers, Characteristics of Embedded Computing Applications, Challenges in Embedded

System Design, Embedded System Design Process – Requirements, Specification, and Architectural

Design, Designing Hardware and Software Components, System Integration.

UNIT II EMBEDDED PROCESSOR AND COMPUTING PLATFORM (9)

ARM processor– processor and memory organization, data operations, flow of control, SHARC processor

memory organization, data operations, flow of control, parallelism with instructions, CPU Bus

configuration, ARM Bus, SHARC Bus, Memory Devices, Input / Output Devices. Design Example: Alarm

Clock.

UNIT III NETWORKS (9)

Distributed Embedded Architecture – Hardware and Software Architectures, Networks for embedded

systems– I2C, CAN Bus, SHARC link ports, Ethernet, Myrinet, Internet. Design Example: Elevator

Controller.

UNIT IV REAL TIME SYSTEMS (9)

RTOS: RTOS Programming tools – Micro C/OS–II – RTOS System Level Functions, Task Service

Functions, Time Delay Functions, Memory Allocation, Semaphore, Mailbox and Queue Functions. Coding

for an Automatic Chocolate Vending Machine – Adaptive Cruise Control System – Smart Card.

UNIT V REAL TIME SPECIFICATIONS (9)

Design techniques – Real time Kernels – Inter – Task communication and Synchronization – Real –time

memory management. Multiprocessing Systems – Hardware/Software integration – Real time

Applications.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the student will be able to,

CO1: Understand the characteristics of Embedded Computers and the Embedded Computing

applications.

CO2: Be familiar with requirements, specification, architecture, design, hardware, software and

integration of the design process.

CO3: Know the architecture, processor, memory organization, data operation and flow of control of

ARM and SHARC processors.

CO4: Design an alarm clock using processors.

CO5: Familiar with the design of networks for embedded systems using I2C, CAN Bus, SHARC link

ports, Ethernet, Myrinet and Internet.

CO6: Ability to specify, design and implement a small embedded system.

42

CO7: Understand the RTOS programming tools and RTOS system level functions.

CO8: Design and develop special purpose applications like Automatic Chocolate Vending machine and

Adaptive Cruise Control System.

CO9: Ability to analyze the real time models for diverse applications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Raj Kamal, ‘Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design’, Tata Mc–Graw–

Hill,2003.

2. Phillip A.Laplante, “ Real –Time Systems Design and Analysis, An Engineer’s Handbook’,

Prentice Hall of India,2002.

3. R.J.A.Buhr, D.L.Bailey, “An Introduction to Real Time Systems: Design to networking with

C/C++”, Prentice– Hall, International, 1999.

4. Grehan Moore and Cyliax, “Real Time Programming: A guide to 32 Bit Embedded Development

Reading: Addison– Wisley–Longman, 1998.

5. Haeth, Steve, “Embedded systems Design”, Newnes, 1997.

6. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design,

Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2001.

7. Jane.W.S. Liu Real–Time systems, Pearson Education Asia, 2000

8. C. M. Krishna and K. G. Shin , Real–Time Systems, ,McGraw–Hill, 1997

9. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargi, Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software

Introduction, s, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

15MEC116 ADVANCED VLSI DESIGN 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

In this course, the MOS circuit realization of the various building blocks that is common to any

microprocessor or digital VLSI circuit is studied.

Architectural choices and performance tradeoffs involved in designing and realizing the circuits in

CMOS technology are discussed. The main focus in this course is on the transistor circuit level

design and realization for digital operation and the issues involved as well as the topics covered

are quite distinct from those encountered in courses on CMOS Analog IC design.

UNIT I MOS TECHNOLOGY AND CIRCUITS (9)

MOS Technology and VLSI, Process parameters and considerations for BJT, MOS and CMOS, Electrical

properties of MOS circuits and Device modeling.MOS Layers, Stick diagram, Layout diagram,

Propagation delays, Examples of combinational logic design, Scaling of MOS circuits. Programmable

Logic Array (PLA ) and Finite State Machines, Design of ALUs, Memories and Registers.

UNIT II ANALOG VLSI AND HIGH SPEED VLSI (9)

Introduction to Analog VLSI, Realisation of Neural Networks and Switched capacitor filters, Sub–micron

technology and GaAs VLSI technology. VHDL background and basic concepts, Structural specifications

of hardware design organisation and parametrisation.

UNIT III LOW POWER VLSI (9)

Hierarchy of limits of power – Sources of power consumption – Physics of Power Dissipation in CMOS

FET Devices. Basic principle of low power design. Advanced Techniques – Low Power CMOS VLSI

Design.

43

UNIT IV LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN (9)

Low Power Static RAM Architectures – Low Energy Computing Using Energy Recovery Techniques –

Power Estimation techniques – logic power estimation – Synthesis for low power – Behavioral level

transform Software Design for Low Power.

UNIT V CAD for VLSI (9)

Layout Compaction, Placement and Partitioning, Floor planning, Floor planning concepts, Shape

Functions and Floor plan sizing, Routing Algorithms – Global routing, local routing, Area Routing,

Channel routing, Logic synthesis and verification.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to

CO1: Understand the basics, process parameters and considerations for BJT, MOS and CMOS.

CO2: Discuss the characteristics in the design of Combinational logic, ALU, Memories and Registers.

CO3: Realize Neural Networks and switched capacitor filters in Analog VLSI.

CO4: Design, organize, parameterize and program hardware using the concepts of VHDL.

CO5: Be familiar with the sources of power consumption and power dissipation in CMOS and FET

devices.

CO6: Understand the advanced techniques in low power CMOS VLSI design.

CO7: Know the various energy recovery and power estimation techniques.

CO8: Design Behavioral level transform software for low power.

CO9: Familiar with layout, placement, partitioning, floor planning and routing for VLSI using CAD.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Douglas A. Pucknell and Kamran Eshraghian, “Basic VLSI Design Systems and Circuits", Prentice

Hall of India Pvt Ltd., 1993.

2. Wayne Wolf , "Modern VLSI Design", 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall,1998.

3. Amar Mukherjee, “Introduction to NMOS and CMOS VLSI System Design ", Prentice Hall, 1986.

4. Randall L.Geiger and P.E. Allen, “VLSI Design Techniques for Analog and Digital Circuits", McGraw–

Hill International Company, 1990.

5. Fabricious. E , " Introduction to VLSI Design ", McGraw Hill, 1990.

6. Navabi .Z., "VHDL Analysis and Modeling of Digital Systems ", McGraw Hill, 1993.

7. Mohmmed Ismail and Terri Fiez, “Analog VLSI Signal and Information Processing ", McGraw–Hill,

1994.

8. Peter J. Ashenden, "The Designer's Guide to VHDL", Harcourt Asia Private Limited & Morgan

Kauffman, 1996.

9. Gary Yeap " Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design ", 1997.

10. Kaushik Roy, Sharat Prasad, “Low Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design", 2000.

11. Computer aided logical design with emphasis on VLSI – Frederick JHill, Gerald R. Peterson (john

Wiley & sons).

44

15MEC117 DSP PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To enable the student to understand the basic principles of random signal processing , spectral

estimation methods and adaptive filter algorithms and their applications.

To enable the student to understand the different signal detection and estimation methods used

in communication system design and the implications of proper synchronization methods for

proper functioning of the system.

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMABLE DSPs (9)

Multiplier and Multiplier accumulator (MAC), Modified Bus Structures and Memory access in

Programmable DSPs, Multiple access memory, Multi–port memory, VLIW architecture– Pipelining,

Special Addressing modes in P–DSPs On chip Peripherals.

UNIT II TMS320C3X PROCESSOR (9)

Architecture of Data formats – Addressing modes – Groups of addressing modes– Instruction sets –

Operation, Block Diagram of DSP starter kit – Application Programs for processing real time signals

Generating and finding the sum of series, Convolution of two sequences, Filter design.

UNIT III ADSP PROCESSORS (9)

Architecture of ADSP–21XX and ADSP–210XX series of DSP processors– Addressing modes and

assembly language instructions, Application programs –Filter design, FFT calculation.

UNIT IV ADVANCED PROCESSORS (9)

Architecture of TMS320C54X: Pipe line operation, Addressing modes and assembly language

instructions, Introduction to Code Composer studio.

UNIT V ADVANCED PROCESSORS II (9)

Architecture of TMS320C6X – Architecture of Motorola DSP563XX, Comparison of the features of DSP

family processors, SHARC, Tiger SHARC, Black fin processors.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Be familiar with the Multiplier, Multiplier architecture, Bus structures and memory access in

programmable DSPs.

CO2: Understand the special addressing modes and on chip peripherals.

CO3: Know the architecture, data formats, addressing modes, instruction sets and operation of

TNS320C3X Processor.

CO4: Write and Execute application programs for real time signals.

CO5: Be familiar with ADSP–210XX series of DSP processors, its addressing modes and assembly

language instructions.

CO6: Design filters and compute FFT using ADSP processors.

45

CO7: Infer about the control instructions, interrupts, and pipeline operations

CO8: Compare the features and choose the appropriate DSP processor for the various

applications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. B.Venkataramani and M.Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processors Architecture, Programming and

Applications Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited. New Delhi, 2003.

2. User guides Texas Instrumentation, Analog Devices, Motorola

15MEC118 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL ENGINEERING 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To introduce the concepts of wireless communication.

To make the students to know about the various propagation methods, Channel models capacity

calculations multiple antennas and multiple user techniques used in the mobile communication.

UNIT I NETWORK REFERENCE MODEL (9)

Communication model–software, subsystems, protocol, protocol development methods, Protocol

engineering process, Layered architecture, Network services and Interfaces, Protocol functions, OSI

model, TCP/IP protocol suite.

UNIT II PROTOCOL SPECIFICATIONS (9)

Components of protocol, Specifications of Communication service, Protocol entity, Interface, Interactions,

Multimedia protocol, Internet protocol, Simple direct media layers SDL, SDL based protocol – other

protocol specification languages.

UNIT III PROTOCOL VERIFICATION / VALIDATION (9)

Protocol verification, Verification of a protocol using finite state machines, Protocol validation, protocol

design errors, Protocol validation approaches, Simple direct media layers (SDL) based protocol

verification and validation.

UNIT IV PROTOCOL CONFORMANCE / PERFORMANCE TESTING (9)

Conformance testing methodology and frame work, Conformance test architectures, Test sequence

generation methods, Distributed architecture by local methods, Conformance testing with TTCN, systems

with semi controllable interfaces – RIP,SDL based tools for conformance testing, SDL based

conformance testing of MPLS Performance testing, SDL based performance testing of TCP and OSPF,

Interoperability testing, SDL based interoperability testing of CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocol using

Bridge, Scalability testing.

UNIT V PROTOCOL SYNTHESIS AND IMPLEMENTATION (9)

Protocol synthesis, Interactive synthesis algorithm, Automatic synthesis algorithm, Automatic synthesis of

SDL from MSC, Protocol Re–synthesis; Requirements of protocol implementation, Object based

approach to protocol implementation, Protocol compilers, Tool for protocol engineering.

46

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Discuss the various models, sub systems and protocol development methods.

CO2: Be familiar with the protocol functions and TCP/IP protocol suite

CO3: Know the components, specifications, entity, interface and interactions of multimedia protocol and

internet protocol.

CO4: Familiar with SDL and other protocol specification languages.

CO5: Verify and validate protocol design using finite state machines and simple direct media layers

CO6: Understand the methodology, framework and architecture of conformance testing.

CO7: Perform conformance testing on the various protocols using RIP and SDL based tools.

CO8: Understand protocol synthesis using interactive synthesis and automatic synthesis algorithms.

CO9: Familiar with object based approach for protocol implementation.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Pallapa Venkataram and Sunilkumar S.Manvi, “Communication protocol Engineering, Eastern

Economy edition, 2004

2. Richard Lai and Jira chief pattana, “Communication Protocol Specification and Verification,

Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1998.

3. Tarnay, K., Protocol Specification and Testing, Plenum, New York, 1991.

4. Mohamed G. Gouda, Elements of Network Protocol Design”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York,

USA, 1998

5. V.Ahuja, Design and Analysis of Computer Communication networks”, McGraw–Hill, London,

982.

6. G.J.Holtzmann, “Design and validation of Computer protocols”, Prentice Hall, New York, 1991.

47

SYLLABUS

GENERIC ELECTIVE

COURSES

48

15MEC151 CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To learn the fundamentals of cryptography and its application to network security.

To understand the mathematics behind cryptography.

To study about network security threats, security services, and counter measures.

To learn about the principles and protocols that enables its application to wired and wireless

networks.

To develop an understanding of security policies such as authentication, integrity and

confidentiality as well as protocols to implement such policies.

UNIT I SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (9)

Introduction – Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, OSI security Architecture, Model for network Security;

Classical Encryption Techniques– Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques, Transposition

Techniques, Product ciphers , Data Encryption Standard– Block Cipher Principles, Strength of DES,

Differential and Linear Crypt Analysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Block Cipher Modes of Operation,

Stegnography.

UNIT II ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD AND STREAM CIPHERS (9)

Evaluation Criteria for AES, AES Cipher; Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers– Triple DES, Blowfish, RC5–

Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric Block Ciphers, Stream ciphers based on LFSRs,RC4 Stream

Cipher; Random Number Generation. Traffic Confidentiality, Key Distribution.

UNIT III PUBLIC–KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS (9)

Public Key Cryptography and Key Management– RSA Algorithm and other public key cryptosystems –

,Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve arithmetic, Elliptic Curve Cryptography; Message

Authentication and Hash Functions– Authentication Requirements, – MD5 Message Digest Algorithm;

Secure Hash Algorithm, RIPEMD 160, HMAC; Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols – Digital

Signature Standards.

UNIT IV NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE …….(9)

Authentication Applications– Kerberos, X.509 Authentication Service; Electronic Mail Security– Pretty

Good Privacy, S/MIME; IP Security– overview and Architecture, Authentication Header, Encapsulating

Security Payload, Combining Security Associations; Web Security– Web Security Considerations, Secure

Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction.

UNIT V SYSTEM SECURITY (9)

Intruders – Intrusion Detection-Audit Records, Statistical Anomaly detection, Password Management;

Malicious Software – Virus and Related Threats, Types of Virus – Virus Counter Measures; Firewalls –

Firewall Design Principles – Types of firewalls, Firewall configuration, Trusted Systems. (9)

TOTAL: 45 h

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COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course, the students will be able to,

CO1: Understand the OSI security architecture and other models for network security

CO2: Encrypt and decrypt messages using block ciphers

CO3: Understand the Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers like Triple DES, Blowfish and RC5

CO4: Familiar with the characteristics of Advanced Symmetric Block Ciphers and Stream ciphers based

on LFSRs, RC4.

CO5: Understand public key cryptosystems like Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve arithmetic,

Elliptic Curve Cryptography; Message Authentication and Hash Functions

CO6: Familiar with Digital Signatures, Authentication Protocols and the various standards

CO7: Discuss and resolve the issues in Electronic mail security, IP security, Web Security and

Transport layer Security

CO8: Understand intruders and detect the presence of intruders in the network

CO9: Familiar with Firewall, design principles, types and configuration of firewalls

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall of India, New

Delhi, 2004

2. William Stallings, “Network Security Essentials”, 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,

2004

3. Charlie Kaufman, “Network Security: Private Communication in Public World”, 2nd Edition.

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi ,2004

15MEC152 MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To study about MEMS and parts of MEMS

To study the design methodology of MEMS for various mechanics.

To study about actuators in MEMS.

To study about MEMS based circuits.

To study about optical and RF based MEMS.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION (9)

Intrinsic Characteristics of MEMS – Energy Domains and Transducers- Sensors and Actuators –

Introduction to Microfabrication - Silicon based MEMS processes – New Materials – Review of Electrical

and Mechanical concepts in MEMS – Semiconductor devices – Stress and strain analysis– Flexural beam

bending- Torsional deflection.

UNIT II SENSORS AND ACTUATORS - I (9)

Electrostatic sensors – Parallel plate capacitors – Applications – Interdigitated Finger capacitor –Comb

drive devices – Thermal Sensing and Actuation – Thermal expansion – Thermal couples –Thermal

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resistors – Applications – Magnetic Actuators – Micromagnetic components – Case studies of MEMS in

magnetic actuators.

UNIT III SENSORS AND ACTUATORS - II (9)

Piezoresistive sensors – Piezoresistive sensor materials - Stress analysis of mechanical elements –

Applications to Inertia, Pressure, Tactile and Flow sensors – Piezoelectric sensors and actuators –

piezoelectric effects – piezoelectric materials – Applications to Inertia , Acoustic, Tactile and Flow

sensors.

UNIT IV MICROMACHINING (9)

Silicon Anisotropic Etching – Anisotrophic Wet Etching – Dry Etching of Silicon – Plasma Etching –Deep

Reaction Ion Etching (DRIE) – Isotropic Wet Etching – Gas Phase Etchants – Case studies -Basic

surface micromachining processes – Structural and Sacrificial Materials – Acceleration of sacrificial Etch

– Striction and Antistriction methods – Assembly of 3D MEMS – Foundry process.

UNIT V POLYMER AND OPTICAL MEMS (9)

Polymers in MEMS– Polimide - SU-8 - Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) – PDMS – PMMA – Parylene –

Fluorocarbon - Application to Acceleration, Pressure, Flow and Tactile sensors- Optical MEMS –Lenses

and Mirrors – Actuators for Active Optical MEMS.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to

CO1: Understand the characteristics, energy domains, transducers, sensors and actuators used in

MEMS.

CO2: Understand the process and materials used in micro fabrication.

CO3: Familiar with the various electrostatic sensors like parallel plate capacitors, Interdigitated Finger

capacitor, Comb drive devices , Thermal Sensing and Actuation, Thermal couples and resistors

CO4: Understand the different special purpose applications and case studies MEMS in magnetic

actuators.

CO5: Be familiar with the materials and stress analysis of Piezoresistive sensors

CO6: Understand the applications to Inertia , Acoustic, Tactile and Flow sensors using piezoelectric

materials.,

CO7: Understand the concepts of Silicon Anisotropic Etching , Anisotrophic Wet Etching and Dry

Etching of Silicon , Plasma Etching, Deep Reaction Ion Etching (DRIE) and Isotropic Wet

Etching.

CO8: Discuss the characteristics, issues and assemble 3D MEMS.

CO9: Understand the use of Polymers in MEMS and its application.

CO10: Familiar with the concepts of Optical MEMS.

REFERENCES BOOKS:

1. Chang Liu, ‘Foundations of MEMS’, Pearson Education Inc., 2006.

2. Nadim Maluf, “ An introduction to Micro electro mechanical system design”, Artech House, 2000.

3. Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, editor, “ The MEMS Handbook”, CRC press Baco Raton, 2000

4. Tai Ran Hsu, “MEMS & Micro systems Design and Manufacture” Tata McGraw Hill,New Delhi, 2002.

5. Julian w. Gardner, Vijay k. varadan, Osama O.Awadelkarim,micro sensors mems and smart devices,

John Wiley & son LTD,2002

6. James J.Allen, micro electro mechanical system design, CRC Press published in 2005.

51

15MEC153 NETWORK MANAGEMENT 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To understand the need for interoperable network management

To learn to the concepts and architecture behind standards based network management

To understand the concepts and terminology associated with SNMP and TMN

To understand network management as a typical distributed application

To study the current trends in network management technologies

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK MANAGEMENTS (9)

Network Management Framework, Network Based Managements, Evolution of Network Management:

SGMP, CMIP, SNMP. Network Implementation and Management Strategies, Network Management

Categories: Performance Management, Fault Management, Configuration Management, Security

Managements, Accounting Managements. Network Management Configuration: Centralized

Configuration, Distributed Configuration. Selected Management Strategy.

UNIT II MANAGEMENT INFORMATION BASE (MIB) (9)

Structure of Management Information, NMS Presentation of the SMI, NMS Meter–ware Network View.

Remote Monitoring (RMON), RMON Group. Desktop Management: Desktop Management Interface(DMI),

DMI Architecture, DMI Browser, DMI /SNMP Mapping, Desktop SNMP Extension Agents. Setting up LAN

Access, SNMP Configuration.

UNIT III INTRODUCTION: LAYERING (9)

OSI Layering, TCP/IP Layering, Protocols & Standards, Internet standards, Internet administration,

Internet Addresses, Internet protocol: introduction, IP header, IP routing, subnet addressing, subnet

mask, special case of IP addresses, Comparative Study of IPV4 & IPV6,port numbers.

Address Resolution Protocol: ARP packet format, Proxy ARP, ARP command, ARP Example, Reverse

Address Resolution Protocol (RARP): Introduction, RARP Packet format, RARP Examples, RARP server

design.

UNIT IV DELIVERY AND ROUTING OF IP PACKETS (9)

Routing Methods, Static versus Dynamic Routing, Routing table and Routing Module, Classless

Addressing: CIDR .Internet Protocol (IP), Datagram, Fragmentation, Options, IP Package. Interior and

Exterior Routing, Routing information protocol l(RIP), Open shortest path first protocol (OSPF), BGP,

GGP. Private Networks. Virtual Private Network (VPN), Network Address Translation (NAT).

UNIT V INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOLS (ICMP) (9)

Types of message, message format, error reporting, query, checksum, ICMP Package. IGMP, IGMP

Message and its Operation, IGMP Package. Transmission control protocol, Process–to–Process

Communication, TCP Services Flow, Control, TCP Timers. TCP Operation, TCP Package.. Application

layers protocol, Telnet Protocol, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), X–

Window system protocol, Remote procedure call, and Network file system.

TOTAL: 45 h

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COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of this course the student will be able to,

CO1: Be familiar with the frame work and evolution of network management, its implementation and

strategies

CO2: Discuss the management issues in networks with regards to performance, Fault analysis,

configuration, security and accounting

CO3: Understand the structure and presentation of network management information

CO4: Know Desktop Management Interface(DMI), DMI Architecture, DMI Browser, DMI/SNMP

Mapping, and Desktop SNMP Extension Agents

CO5: Understand OSI Layering, TCP/IP Layering, its Protocols & Standards

CO6: Discuss Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

with examples and applications

CO7: Be familiar with static routing, dynamic routing, routing table and routing module

CO8: Discuss Interior and Exterior Routing, Routing information protocol(RIP), Open shortest path first

protocol (OSPF), BGP, GGP

CO9: Understand Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Forouzan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4th edition, TMH

2. J.Richard Burkey, Network Management Concept and Practice, PHI

3. Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated Volume–I, Pearson

4. Tittel: TCP/IP, Cenage Learning

5. Uyless Black, TCP/IP and related protocols, McGraw Hill.

6. Doughals E. Comer, Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol. I, Principles, Protocols, and Architecture,

Prentice Hall, India.

15MEC154 NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To expose the students to the layered architecture for communication networks and the specific

functionality of the network layer.

To enable the student to understand the basic principles of routing and the manner this is

implemented in conventional networks and the evolving routing algorithms based on

Internetworking requirements, optical backbone and the wireless access part of the network.

To enable the student to understand the different routing algorithms existing and their

performance characteristics.

UNIT I CIRCUIT SWITCHING NETWORKS (9)

AT & T’s Dynamic Routing Network, Routing in Telephone Network–Dynamic Non Hierarchical Routing–

Trunk Status Map Routing–Real Time Network Routing, Dynamic Alternative Routing–Distributed

Adaptive Dynamic Routing–Optimized Dynamic Routing.

53

UNIT II PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS (9)

Distance vector Routing, Link State Routing, Inter domain Routing–Classless Inter domain routing

(CIDR), Interior Gateway routing protocols (IGRP) – Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest

Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol (EGRP) – Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Apple

Talk Routing and SNA Routing.

UNIT III HIGH SPEED NETWORKS (9)

Routing in optical networks–The optical layer, Node Designs, Network design and operation, Optical layer

cost tradeoffs, Routing and wavelength assignment, Architectural variations, Routing in ATM networks–

ATM address structure, ATM Routing, PNNI protocol, PNNI signaling protocol, Routing in the PLANET

network and Deflection Routing. Networks–Mobile Network Architecture, Mobility management in cellular

systems, Connectionless Data services.

UNIT IV MOBILE NETWORKS (9)

Routing in Cellular Mobile Radio Communication for cellular systems, Mobility and Routing in Cellular

Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network, Packet Radio Routing–DARPA packet radio network, Routing

algorithms for small, medium and large sized packet radio networks.

UNIT V MOBILE AD–HOC NETWORKS (Manet) (9)

Internet based mobile ad–hoc networking, communication strategies, routing algorithms – Table–driven

routing – Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Source initiated on–demand routing– Dynamic

Source Routing (DSR), Ad–hoc On– demand Distance Vector (AODV), Hierarchical based routing–

Cluster head Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR) and Temporally–Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA),

Quality of Service.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the student will be able to,

CO1: Understand the concepts of dynamic routing, hierarchical routing, alternative routing, adaptive

and optimized routing of circuit switching networks.

CO2: To be familiar with inter domain routing and interior gateway routing protocols of packet switched

networks.

CO3: Understand gateway routing protocols like exterior gateway routing protocol and border gateway

routing protocol.

CO4: Understand the basics of optical networks. Design, operation and tradeoffs with respect to

routing.

CO5: Perform routing in ATM networks and PLANET networks.

CO6: Discuss the concepts behind routing in mobile radio communication for cellular systems.

CO7: Know Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network and DARPA packet radio network.

CO8: Be familiar with the communication strategies and routing algorithms of Internet based mobile ad-

hoc networks.

54

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. M. Steen strub, “Routing in Communication networks”, Prentice Hall International, New York,

1995.

2. “Internetworking Technologies Handbook”, Fourth Edition, Inc. Cisco Systems, ILSG Cisco

Systems, 2003.

3. William Stallings, “ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM”, PHI, New Delhi,

2004.

4. Behrouz A Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking (3/e), TMH, 2004.

5. William Stallings, “High Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles”, Prentice Hall

International, New York, 1998.

6. Mohammad Ilyas, “The Handbook of Ad hoc Wireless Networks” CRC Press, 2002

7. Vijay K.Garg, “Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G”, Pearson Education, New Delhi, India,

2003.

8. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, “Optical Networks”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,

1998.

9. Sumit Kasera and Pankaj sethi, “ATM Networks”, Tata McGraw–Hill Publishing Company limited,

New Delhi, 2001.

10. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special issue on Wireless Ad–hoc

Networks, Vol. 17, No.8, 1999.

11. Scott. M. Corson, Joseph P. Macker, Gregory H. Cirincione, IEEE Internet Computing Vol.3, No.

10, July – August 1999.

12. Alder M.Scheideler.Ch. Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, ACM,

New York 1998.

15MEC155 SOFT COMPUTING 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To learn the key aspects of Soft computing and Neural networks.

To know about the components and building block hypothesis of Genetic algorithm.

To understand the features of neural network and its applications

To study the fuzzy logic components

To gain insight onto Neuro Fuzzy modeling and control.

To gain knowledge in machine learning through Support vector machines.

UNIT I FUZZY SET THEORY (9)

Introduction to Neuro – Fuzzy and Soft Computing – Fuzzy Sets – Basic Definition and Terminology –

Set-theoretic Operations – Member Function Formulation and Parameterization – Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy

Reasoning – Extension Principle and Fuzzy Relations – Fuzzy If-Then Rules – Fuzzy Reasoning – Fuzzy

Inference Systems – Mamdani Fuzzy Models – Sugeno Fuzzy Models – Tsukamoto Fuzzy Models – Input

Space Partitioning and Fuzzy Modeling.

UNIT II OPTIMIZATION (9)

Derivative-based Optimization – Descent Methods – The Method of Steepest Descent – Classical

Newton’s Method – Step Size Determination – Derivative-free Optimization – Genetic Algorithms –

Simulated Annealing – Random Search – Downhill Simplex Search.

55

UNIT III ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (9)

Introduction, Knowledge Representation – Reasoning, Issues and Acquisition: Prepositional and

Predicate Calculus Rule Based knowledge Representation Symbolic Reasoning Under Uncertainity Basic

knowledge Representation Issues Knowledge acquisition – Heuristic Search: Techniques for Heuristic

search Heuristic Classification - State Space Search: Strategies Implementation of Graph Search- Search

based on Recursion Patent-directed Search Production System and Learning.

UNIT IV NEURO FUZZY MODELING (9)

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems – Architecture – Hybrid Learning Algorithm – Learning Methods

that Cross-fertilize ANFIS and RBFN – Coactive Neuro Fuzzy Modeling – Framework Neuron Functions

for Adaptive Networks – Neuro Fuzzy Spectrum.

UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (9)

Printed Character Recognition – Inverse Kinematics Problems – Automobile Fuel Efficiency Prediction –

Soft Computing for Color Recipe Prediction . Maximal Margin Algorithms for Pose Estimation, Polynomial

Modeling in a Dynamic Environment Based on a Particle Swarm Optimization.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the student will be able to,

CO1: Understand Fuzzy sets, member functions, parameterization, fuzzy rules and reasoning.

CO2: Be familiar with fuzzy models like Mamdani, Sugeno and Tsukamoto

CO3: Discuss the various optimization methods like Derivative, Descent, Steepest Descent, Classical

Newton’s Method, Step Size Determination and Derivative-free optimization.

CO4: Understand Simulated Annealing and Random Search methods.

CO5: Discuss basic and rule based knowledge representation and the issues in knowledge acquisition.

CO6: Understand the techniques and strategies of Heuristic Search, State Space Search, Graph

Search and Recursion Patent-directed Search.

CO7: Know the architecture and learning algorithms of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems

(ANFIS) and RFBN.

CO8: Solve applications of computational intelligence like printed character recognition, automobile fuel

efficiency prediction etc

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. J.S.R.Jang, C.T.Sun and E.Mizutani, “Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing”, PHI, 2004, Pearson

Education 2004.

2. N.P.Padhy, “Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems”, Oxford University Press, 2006.

3. Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, Second Edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing

Comp., 2006, New Delhi.

4. Timothy J.Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, McGraw-Hill, 1997.

5. Davis E.Goldberg, “Genetic Algorithms: Search, Optimization and Machine Learning”, Addison

Wesley, N.Y., 1989.

6. S. Rajasekaran and G.A.V.Pai, “Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms”, PHI, 2003.

7. R.Eberhart, P.Simpson and R.Dobbins, “Computational Intelligence - PC Tools”, AP Professional,

Boston, 1996.

56

8. Amit Konar, “Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Behaviour and Cognitive model of the human

brain”, CRC Press, 2008.

9. Laurene Fauseett: Fundamentals of Neural Networks. Prentice Hall India, New Delhi,1994.

10. George J.Klir and Bo Yuan, Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey,1995.

11. Nih.J. Ndssen Artificial Intelligence, Harcourt Asia Ltd., Singapore,1998.

15MEC156 NEURAL NETWORKS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To survey of attractive applications of artificial neural networks.

To practical approach for using artificial neural networks in various technical & organizational and

economic applications.

To learn basics of GPS & GSM.

To learn interfacing of GPS & GSM with Arduino

UNIT I BASIC LEARNING ALGORITHMS (9)

Biological Neuron – Artificial Neural Model – Types of activation functions – Architecture: Feed forward

and Feedback – Learning Process: Error Correction Learning –Memory Based Learning – Hebbian

Learning – Competitive Learning – Boltzmann Learning – Supervised and Unsupervised Learning –

Learning Tasks: Pattern Space – Weight Space – Pattern Association – Pattern Recognition – Function

Approximation – Control – Filtering – Beam forming – Memory – Adaptation – Statistical Learning Theory

– Single Layer Perceptron – Perceptron Learning Algorithm – Perceptron Convergence Theorem – Least

Mean Square Learning Algorithm – Multilayer Perceptron – Back Propagation Algorithm – XOR problem –

Limitations of Back Propagation Algorithm.

UNIT II RADIAL–BASIS FUNCTION NETWORKS AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES (9)

Radial–Basis Function Networks: Exact Interpolator – Regularization Theory – Generalized Radial

Basis Function Networks – Learning in Radial Basis Function Networks – Applications: XOR Problem –

Image Classification.

Support Vector Machines: Optimal Hyper plane for Linearly Separable Patterns and Nonseparable

Patterns – Support Vector Machine for Pattern Recognition – XOR Problem – insensitive Loss Function –

Support Vector Machines for Nonlinear Regression.

UNIT III ATTRACTOR NEURAL NETWORKS (9)

Associative Learning – Attractor Neural Network Associative Memory – Linear Associative Memory –

Hopfield Network – Content Addressable Memory – Strange Attractors and Chaos – Error Performance of

Hopfield Networks – Applications of Hopfield Networks – Simulated Annealing – Boltzmann Machine –

Bidirectional Associative Memory – BAM Stability Analysis – Error Correction in BAMs – Memory

Annihilation of Structured Maps in BAMS – Continuous BAMs – Adaptive BAMs – Applications.

UNIT IV ADAPTIVE RESONANCE THEORY (9)

Noise–Saturation Dilemma – Solving Noise–Saturation Dilemma – Recurrent On–center – Off–surround

Networks – Building Blocks of Adaptive Resonance – Substrate of Resonance Structural Details of

Resonance Model – Adaptive Resonance Theory – Applications.

57

UNIT V SELF ORGANISING MAPS (9)

Self–organizing Map – Maximal Eigenvector Filtering – Sanger’s Rule – Generalized Learning Law –

Competitive Learning – Vector Quantization – Mexican Hat Networks – Self–organizing Feature Maps –

Applications.

TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO 1: Differentiate biological neural network and artificial neural network and understand the basic

structures, models and properties of neural network

CO2: Differentiate the working of supervised and unsupervised learning and its applications’

CO3: Understand the fundamentals, algorithm and applications of radial basis function network

CO4: Find the optimal hyper plane for solving linearly and non linearly separable patterns using

Support Vector Machines

CO5: Understand the fundamentals of attractor neural network like Hopfield Networks, Boltzmann

Machine, its classification and applications

CO6: Discuss the concepts of Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) like stability analysis, error

correction, memory annihilation and its applications

CO7: Understand and solve Noise-Saturation Dilemma using adaptive resonance theory

CO8: Be familiar with the concepts, applications and issues behind self organizing maps

CO9: To understand Vector Quantization.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Satish Kumar, “Neural Networks: A Classroom Approach”, Tata McGraw–Hill Publishing Company

Limited, New Delhi, 2004.

2. Simon Haykin, “Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation”, 2ed., Addison Wesley Longman

(Singapore) Private Limited, Delhi, 2001.

3. Martin T.Hagan, Howard B. Demuth, and Mark Beale, “Neural Network Design”, Thomson Learning,

New Delhi, 2003.

4. James A. Freeman and David M. Skapura, “Neural Networks Algorithms, Applications, and

Programming Techniques, Pearson Education (Singapore) Private Limited, Delhi, 2003.

5. S. Rajasekaran, G.A. Vijayalakshmi Pai, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms,

Synthesis and Applications, Prentice –Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003.