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Transcript of Department of Biotechnologies, Agroindustry and Health protection Italian National Agency for New...
Department of Biotechnologies, Agroindustry and Health protection
Italian National Agency for New Technologies,Energy and the Environment
ENEA’s activities for agroenergy development in Italy
Vito Pignatelli
Energy use by source in Italy (2005)
Source: ENEA - Energy and Environment Report 2006
Natural gas36%
Coal9%
Imported electricity
5%
Oil products43%
Renewables7%
Total energy use: 197,8 Mtoe
Energy production from renewable energy sources in Italy (2005)
7.935
1.384
21 7515
3.558
343 172
1.501
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
10.000 Hydro
Geothermal
Solar
Photovoltaic
Wind
Wood and other biomass
Biogas
Liquid biofuels
Municipal wastes
Source: ENEA - Energy and Environment Report 2006
ktoe
Total energy use: 197,8 Mtoe
Agroenergy in Italy
• Domestic and district heating (wood and wood residues)
• Process heat (wood industries, distilleries etc.)
• Production of electricity (biomass, vegetable oils, biogas)
• Liquid biofuels for transport (biodiesel, bioethanol)
Electricity production from RES in Italy (2005)
Source: ENEA - Energy and Environment Report 2006
Geothermal11%
Photovoltaic0%
Hydro70%
Wind6%
Biomass, Biogas and MSW
13%
Raw materials for agroenergy production
End use Source
Residues Locally produced
energycrops
Import
Domestic & district heating ● ● ●
Process heating ●
Production of electricity from:- Wood and other biomass- Vegetable oils- Biogas
●
●
●●●
●●
Liquid biofuels ● ●
Italian biomass potential for energy use
Source: C.T.I. data - 2004
Year 2004:47 Mtoe d.m.
Wood and forest residues
13%
Crop residues28%
Energy crops42%
Agro-industrial residues
17%
Import of wood chips, fuel and residues
Source: FAO Forestry database - 2004
0
200.000
400.000
600.000
800.000
1.000.000
1.200.000
1.400.000
1.600.000
1.800.000
2.000.000
2.200.000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Cu
bic
Met
er
Chips and Particles Wood Fuel Wood Residues
Biodiesel production and market in Italy. Years 2002-2006
Source: European Biodiesel Board - 2007 / Assobiodiesel - 2006
tons 447.000
396.000
320.000
273.000
210.000 325.927
188.225298.526220.886
177.000
0
80.000
160.000
240.000
320.000
400.000
480.000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
ProducedSold
A “vision” of agroenergy systems
1. Crops choice and innovation
2. Technologies availability
3. Plant size identification
4. Targeting objectives by incentives selection
5. Main research options
Looking from the farming side…….
• Do not use cereal grainsAvoiding competition with food crops and researchfor new crop models
• Integration, not substitutionShort term: integration by annual crops / medium-long term: substitution on marginal lands, perennial crops
• Innovation for low-input cultivation techniquesNo or minimum tillage, low use of fertilizer, precision farming, no irrigation
ENEA activities for supporting agroenergy growth by:
• Performing feasibility studies of agroenergy chains and districts
• Developing support maps for energy policy planning and biomass land potential assessment
• Implementing GIS tools to support biomass exploitation projects
• Supporting Environmental Impact Assessment of bioelectricity power plants
“Valle dei Latini” agro-energy district:forest residues potential
ENEA main RTD activities for the development of agroenergy in Italy (1/4)
• Screening and evaluation of the productivity and duration of new crops suitable for energy and/or biofuel production, with the main objective of identifying the more promising species and varieties for marginal or abandoned lands in the climatic conditions of Southern Italy
ENEA main RTD activities for the development of agroenergy in Italy (2/4)
• Research and development of new technologies for the production of “second generation” liquid biofuels as, for example, ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials
ENEA main RTD activities for the development of agroenergy in Italy (3/4)
• Development of medium (100 - 200 kWe) and small-scale (less than 20 kWe) gasifiers to produce electricity for local uses (farm, wood processing factories etc.)
• Research and development of innovative processes for the production of syngas or hydrogen by steam/oxygen gasification of biomass