Dentalni Biomaterijali PPT
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Transcript of Dentalni Biomaterijali PPT
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By
Prof.Dr/Mona Hussein
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The science of dental biomaterials involves
the study of the composition and properties
o ma er a s an e way n w c ey
interact with the oral environment in which
they are placed.
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Dental biomaterials may be classified
according to nature into, ceramics, metals,
polymers and composites or according to use
into restorative and auxiliary materials
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Materials used in dentistry are confined
within the three known groups:
metals, ceramics and polymers.
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I- Metals
Metals are used for making restorations of the lost
tooth structure, prosthetic devices, orthodontic
appliances, and many other applications where
strength and elasticity are required.
A mixture of two or more metallic elements is
called alloy (Gold alloy &Cobalt chromium alloy)
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Metallic restoration
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II- Ceramics
Ceramics include a wide variety of
substances such as glass, cement,
refractory (high temp), and many other
materials.
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Types of dental ceramics:
Dental porcelain.
Dental cements.
ypsum pro ucts.
Casting investment
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Ceramic restoration
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Ceramo-metal system
Bridge
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III- Polymers
Polymers are synthetic resins.
Types of dental polymers:
Polymeric impression materials.
Denture base materials.
Tooth colored restorative materials.
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Polymeric denture base
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Esthetic restoration
(dental composite)
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1-Enamel.2-Dentine.
3-Gingiva (Gum).
4-Gingival Sulcus.5-Periodontal
.6-Pulp Chamber.
7-Root Canal.
8-Apical Foramen.9-Bone.
10-Cementum.
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1. Enamel:
Is the hardest structure in the human body.
It forms the outer layer of the crown
It’s the only visible portion of the crown.
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2. Dentine:
Is the main substance of the crown
e roo .
Is yellowish-white in color.
Is sensitive.
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3. Gingiva(Gum):
Is the soft tissue covering the bone
enc rc ng e oo near e
junction of the crown & the root.
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4. Gingival sulcus:
Surrounds the tooth.
. .
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5. Periodontal ligaments:
Attaches the tooth to the bone by means of
thin fibers.
Act as a shock absorber for the tooth.
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6. Pulp chamber:
This cavity contains bloods vessels for
nutrition&nerves for the sensitivity of the
tooth.
Is extremely sensitive.
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7. Root canals:
Are small canals through which blood
vessels& nerves pass through the roots
on their way to the pulp chamber.
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8. Apical foramen:
Is the only normal opening of the root
canal.
The nerves & the blood vessels pass
from it to the root canal.
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9. Bone:
The tooth is anchored in the bone.
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10. Cementum:
A thin layer covering the root.
The ligaments attaches to this.
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SalivaContents:
1- Water.
2- Electrolytes.
3- Mucus.
4- Enzymes.
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Functions:
1. Helps in creating the bolus of the food.
2. Amylase enzyme that converts starch into dextrin.
3. Prevent tooth decay& tooth erosion due to its
.
4. Saliva carries ions as calcium,fluoride…. That
helps in remineralization.
5. Antibacterial.
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The restorative material present in the oral
environment is subjected to:
1. Changes in temperature.
3. Occlusal stresses.
4. Solubility and disintegration.
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TMJ
Functions:
1. The first function is rotation around ahorizontal axis.
2. The second function is translation where
the condyle & the disc move together
anteriorly beneath the articular eminence.
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DENTAL BIOMATERIALSI -Basic science of biomaterials
• Physical properties
Thermal properties
Optical propertiesSurface chemistry
Corrosion
• Mechanical properties
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• Basic structure of metals.
• Basic structure of polymers.
• Basic structure of ceramics.
II APPLIED BIOMATERIALS
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