DENTAL LEARNING No.4 Supp.pdfunit crowns milled using all-ceramic, zirconia, or lithium disilicate...
Transcript of DENTAL LEARNING No.4 Supp.pdfunit crowns milled using all-ceramic, zirconia, or lithium disilicate...
Knowledge for Clinical Practice
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A PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONA PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATION
DENTAL LEARNING
CE Course: CAD/CAM:Chairside Milling P. 2
CASE PRESENTATION:The Power and Simplicityof Digital Impressions P. 10
Same-Day Dentistry in the Big City P. 13
CASE PRESENTATION:Immediate Guided Implant Emergency Case Using CEREC P. 14
Embracing Technology for Growth P. 17
The Hidden Cost of Your Time P. 18
A 2017 GUIDE TO
CAD/CAM &CHAIRSIDE MILLING
Inside Earn
2 CE CreditsWritten for dentists, hygienists, and assistants
2 | DENTAL PRODUCT SHOP- PER www.dentalproductshop- per.com
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The overall goal of this course is to provide information on CAD/CAM dentistry and the chairside milling of indirect restorations. After completing this course, participants will be able to:
1. Describe the key attributes of single-visit indirect restorative dentistry;
2. Review the process workflow options with CAD/CAM and chairside milling of restorations;
3. List potential advantages and disadvantages of chairside milling;
4. Describe the impact of CAD/CAM and chairside milling on offi ce effi ciency and patient satisfaction.
CAD/CAM technology has helped to transform the manner in which restorative treatment can be provided. In particular, the ability to provide patients with single-visit indirect restorations is appreciated by clinicians and patients. Chairside milling produces restorations that are at least as accurate as traditionally fabricated indirect restorations. Chairside milling also allows clinicians to optimize the process fl ow, reducing chairside time, increasing effi ciency, and saving patients additional visits. As with other procedures, each step must be accurately performed. Once the learning curve has been mastered, chairside milling represents an accurate method to provide patients with effi cient and esthetic restorative care.
ABSTRACT
Introduction
CAD/CAM has become mainstream and has changed
dentistry, particularly in the fi elds of restorative and implant
dentistry. Single-unit crowns are the most frequently
provided indirect restoration and, together with inlays and onlays,
were the fi rst to be provided using CAD/CAM technology. Since
then, bridges, veneers, post-and-cores, and implant abutments and
restorations have all been created using CAD/CAM dentistry.
Fabrication of a CAD/CAM restoration may occur in a laboratory
after sending the digital fi les through a secure internet portal, either
in a central location designated by the CAD/CAM system’s
manufacturer or in laboratories that are authorized by the
manufacturer. Such systems are “closed” systems. Increasingly,
systems are “open,” meaning that any laboratory with the
capability to use the software can fabricate the restoration using
virtual models and CAD/CAM milling, or by milling a model and
ABOUT THE AUTHORTarun Agarwal, DDSDr. Tarun Agarwal represents the next generation of leadership for the dental profession. As a respected speaker, author, and opinion leader, he is changing the way general dentists practice. His common sense approach to business,
dedication to clinical excellence, integration of technology and down-to-earth demeanor has made him a recognized educator. Dr. Agarwal received his dental degree from the University of Missouri at Kansas City and practices in Raleigh, North Carolina.
CAD/CAMChairside Milling
SPONSOR/PROVIDER: This is a Dental Learning, LLC continuing education activity. COMMERCIAL SUPPORTER: This course has been made possible through an unrestricted educational grant from HENRY SCHEIN. DESIGNATION STATEMENTS: Dental Learning, LLC is an ADA CERP recognized provider. ADA CERP is a service of the American Dental Association to assist dental professionals in identifying quality providers of continuing dental education. ADA CERP does not approve or endorse individual courses or instructors, nor does it imply acceptance of credit hours by boards of dentistry. Dental Learning, LLC designates this activity for 2 CE credits. Dental Learning, LLC is also designated as an Approved PACE Program Provider by the Academy of General Dentistry. The formal continuing education programs of this program provider are accepted by AGD for Fellowship, Mastership, and membership maintenance credit. Approval does not imply acceptance by a state or provincial board of dentistry or AGD endorsement. The current term of approval extends from 2/1/2016 - 1/31/2020. Provider ID: # 346890. Dental Learning, LLC is a Dental Board of California CE provider. The California Provider number is RP5062. This course meets the Dental Board of California’s requirements for 2 units of continuing education. EDUCATIONAL METHODS: This course is a self-instructional journal and web activity. Information shared in this course is based on current information and evidence. REGISTRATION: The cost of this CE course is $29.00 for 2 CE credits. PUBLICATION DATE: October 2017. EXPIRATION DATE: September 2020. REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION: To obtain 2 CE credits for this educational activity, participants must pay the required fee, review the material, complete the course evaluation and obtain a score of at least 70%. AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT: The images in this course have not been altered. SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY STATEMENT: Information shared in this continuing education activity is developed from clinical research and represents the most current information available from evidence-based dentistry. KNOWN BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS: Information in this continuing education activity is derived from data and information obtained from the reference section. EDUCATIONAL DISCLAIMER: Completing a single continuing education course does not provide enough information to result in the participant being an expert in the fi eld related to the course topic. It is a combination of many educational courses and clinical experience that allows the participant to develop skills and expertise. PROVIDER DISCLOSURE: Dental Learning does not have a leadership position or a commercial interest in any products that are mentioned in this article. No manufacturer or third party has had any input into the development of course content. CE PLANNER DISCLOSURE: The planner of this course, Joe Riley, does not have a leadership or commercial interest in any products or services discussed in this educational activity. He can be reached at [email protected]. TARGET AUDIENCE: This course was written for dentists, dental hygienists, and assistants, from novice to skilled. CANCELLATION/REFUND POLICY: Any participant who is not 100% satisfi ed with this course can request a full refund by contacting Dental Learning, LLC in writing or by calling 1-888-724-5230. Please direct all questions pertaining to Dental Learning, LLC or the administration of this course to [email protected]. Go Green, Go Online to www.dentallearning.net to take this course. © 2017
Integrated Media Solutions Inc./DentalLearning.net is an ADA CERP Recognized Provider. ADA CERP is a service of the American Dental Association to assist dental professionals in identifying quality providers of continuing dental education. ADA CERP does not approve or endorse individual courses or instructors, nor does it imply acceptance of credit hours by boards of dentistry. Concerns or complaints about a CE provider may be directed to the pro-vider or to ADA CERP at www.ada.org/cerp. Integrated Media Solutions Inc./DentalLearning.net designates this activity for 2 continuing education credits.
Approved PACE Program Provider FAGD/MAGD Credit Approval does not imply acceptance by a state or provincial board of dentistry or AGD endorsement.2/1/2016 - 1/31/2020 Provider ID: # 346890AGD Subject Codes: 610, 784
Dental Learning, LLC is a Dental Board of California CE Provider. The California Provider # is RP5062. All of the information contained on this certi� cate is truthful and accurate. Completion of this course does not constitute authorization for the attendee to perform any services that he or she is not legally authorized to perform based on his or her license or permit type. This course meets the Dental Board of California’s requirements for 2 units of continuing education. CA course code is 02-5062-17020.
DENTALLEARNING.NET DENTAL LEARNING | 3
DENTAL LEARNING
then using a traditional technique to fabricate the restoration.
With digital impressions, a scan is taken of the clinical site,
adjacent teeth, and opposing arch, after which the scans are
transformed into images for immediate viewing on the screen. This
allows the clinician to check the preparation for any deficiencies on
a large screen and to immediately correct any deficient areas. From
there, the restoration can be designed and fabricated. In contrast,
with traditional impressions and a traditional technique, it may be
more difficult to spot marginal defects in the impression, and models
must be poured from these. Inherently, there are more opportunities
for errors with a traditional technique, from defects in impressions
or models to manual fabrication of the final restoration. Scanning
of traditional impressions is a third option—this does digitize the
information, allowing for CAD/CAM fabrication of the restoration;
however, it will also scan any impression errors. A CAD/CAM milling
unit may also be incorporated into the dental office, making it
possible to mill restorations chairside while the patient is in the office.
Chairside Milling In addition to the obvious advantage of being able to provide
single-visit indirect restorations that are esthetic and accurate,1
chairside milling reduces the time required for restorative care, does
not require delivery of a provisional restoration, and gives the dentist
complete control over the procedure and the process workflow.
A further advantage is the ease with which digital scanning and
chairside milling can be performed in challenging situations, such
as treating elderly patients with reduced cognition, or patients with
limited mobility or ability to tolerate long treatments.2 Conversely,
the cost of chairside-milling technology is a capital investment
not required if laboratory milling is performed, and there is a
learning curve associated with its adoption by the dental team and
optimization of process workflow, including delegation of tasks.1
Block Options
Regardless of the type of restoration, CAD/CAM milling begins
with a CAD/CAM block and should end with an esthetic result even
for challenging cases. Options include zirconia-based, leucite-based,
and feldspar-based ceramics; lithium disilicate; and composite
blocks. All-ceramic CAD/CAM blocks offer strength and esthetics,
including a chameleon effect.3 The preparation design must take
into account the type of block being used, and provide the correct
preparation form and clearance for that material. CAD/CAM materials
blend well, allowing margins to be placed supragingivally or
perigingivally.
Accuracy and Longevity of CAD/CAM Restorations Several studies have determined that CAD/CAM restorations in
general have a marginal fit at least equivalent to those fabricated
using traditional impressions and laboratory techniques.4,5 In vivo and
in vitro studies have also assessed overall accuracy and fit of single-
unit crowns milled using all-ceramic, zirconia, or lithium disilicate
blocks, and found these to be acceptable and comparable to the
use of a traditional technique.6,7 Similarly, single-unit implant crowns
and abutments were clinically accurate in other studies.8,9 In one
recent review, the long-term survival rate for single-tooth indirect
restorations was similar following digital or traditional fabrication.10
A significant number of studies have been conducted on chairside-
milled restorations using ceramic and composite block materials. The
marginal and overall fit of chairside-milled restorations was found to
be at least as accurate as those fabricated using traditional methods;
the materials were also found to offer sufficient strength and fracture
resistance and clinically acceptable outcomes.11-16 In addition, the 5-
and 10-year survival rates for chairside milled restorations were found
to be 97% and 90%, respectively, in one review.17
Process Flow The process flow when providing patients with single-visit CAD/
CAM restorations can be simple. After scanning and verifying the
margins, interocclusal clearance, and proposed restoration design,
it’s simply a matter of waiting for the restoration to be milled,
any necessary staining and glazing or sintering, and trying in the
restoration and seating it. In cases where the shape of the teeth must
be duplicated, scans of the pre-existing teeth shapes can be made
Table 1. Chairside milling
POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES
Single-visit indirect restorations
No provisional phase
Efficiency
Esthetic results
Options to stain and glaze
Patient acceptance
Control of process
POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGES
Cost of acquisition
Learning curve
Difficulty delegating tasks
4 DENTAL LEARNING
and used as a virtual template for the restorations, provided the
intent is to have restorations with the same shape. This reduces the
likelihood of adjustments being needed or patient dissatisfaction.
Chairside milling also allows you to use a process fl ow that
optimizes the treatment schedule by performing other procedures
in the same visit as well as delivering the fi nal restoration without an
intermediate provisional phase (Figure 1). During the time of onset
of local anesthesia, scans of the opposing dentition can be made as
well as of the existing teeth at the site(s) if the same shape is desired,
and the shade can be selected. Later in the appointment, while
waiting for the restoration(s) to be chairside milled, and fi nished,
other treatment needs can be addressed in the same visit. Treatment
such as a direct composite restoration or endodontic therapy can
be completed, if appropriate, while the restoration is being milled.
This saves chairside time, maximizes effi ciency, and saves the patient
another visit.
Effi ciency (Speed)CAD/CAM imaging and chairside milling together save valuable
time by streamlining treatment and permitting delegation of
signifi cant portions of the process. In one study, digital scanning
alone saved dentists 55% of the time previously required to take a
traditional impression.18 Digital images are immediately available
for examination, such that any imperfect areas of a preparation can
be adjusted and rescanned if necessary, without the patient having
to return. Studies have shown that signifi cant time savings can be
achieved using CAD/CAM software and milling machines. In addition,
CAD/CAM software now has automated marking and evaluation of
margins, and uses digital articulating paper to rapidly determine the
occlusion and interdigitation of teeth in opposing arches. Full-color
images have also made it easier for us to view margins and other
aspects of the preparation. The case below shows use of CAD/CAM
and chairside milling for a single-unit esthetic anterior restoration.
Case 1The patient in this case was a 35-year-old female who
arrived with a fractured upper left canine. The patient was not
experiencing any pain. After a clinical evaluation including a
periapical radiograph and discussion with the patient, it was
determined that the tooth was nonvital and would require root
canal treatment if it were to be saved and crowned. Although
the crown on the adjacent bicuspid was white, and the anterior
composites were discolored with areas of microleakage, the
patient declined to have these treated at this time. Together with
the patient, we therefore decided that the best option was to
perform same-day root canal therapy and fabricate a chairside-
milled crown for same-day placement (Figures 2, 3). Our patient
had experienced moderate levels of caries and had recurrent
caries in the tooth being treated. Of relevance, one of the benefi ts
CAD/CAM Chairside Milling
Localanesthesiaandwaitfor
onsetPre-treatmentscansand
shadeselection
Chairsidemilling
Preparation,softtissue
management
Otherpatienttreatmentifrequired,
simultaneouswithchairsidemilling
Single-visitappointment
made
Preparationscan,adjacent
teeth
Single-visittreatmentcompleted
Figure 1—Process fl ow. Figure 2—Initial presentation
DENTALLEARNING.NET DENTAL LEARNING | 5
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shown for CAD/CAM restorations has been a potential decrease
in recurrent caries believed to be a result of the excellent marginal
fit of these restorations.19
We first performed the root canal therapy and removed dental
caries before placing a fiber post cemented with a self-adhesive
resin composite luting agent and creating a resin composite
buildup around this (Figure 4). The preparation and margins were
then finalized. Given the patient’s low lip line and smile line,
together with the availability of esthetic restorative materials,
a perigingival margin was created. This would provide the best
biocompatibility with the gingival architecture (Figure 5).
My assistant then placed gingival retraction cord and took
a scan of the preparation and surrounding dentition, as well as
the opposing arch. After this, the digital images were reviewed
to check the margins and the scans overall. Subsequently, the
full-color software provided an image of the proposed restoration
for us to check on the screen (Figure 6). The shade had been
determined using natural northern light. With current CAD/CAM
systems, shade selection for each tooth can be automated or
determined by the software, providing a reliable comparison
point with assessing the shade(s) you have selected. This has
two advantages—it saves time, and it removes subjectivity in
shade selection, thereby reducing the likelihood of errors in shade
selection. After the proposed restoration was accepted, it was
milled while the patient waited in the office.
We verified the fit of the milled crown, then stained it where
required for customization and glazed the crown. Historically, one
of the drawbacks of CAD/CAM restorations milled chairside was
the time required to stain and glaze a chairside-milled restoration.
Compact technology has been introduced that significantly
speeds up the stain and glaze process. The crown was cemented
using a self-etch resin composite luting agent. After seating the
crown, we waited until the cement had reached the gel phase, Figure 4—Fiber post and composite build-up
Figure 3—Periapical radiograph
Figure 5—Completed preparation
Figure 6—Digital full color image with proposed crown form
6 DENTAL LEARNING
making it possible to easily peel away the excess cement using an
explorer before final curing (Figures 7-8).
Case 2. Implant Placement and RestorationIn the case shown here, the patient had fractured the root of an
endodontically treated upper right molar. It was determined that the
tooth was hopeless and would need to be extracted. The patient
opted for immediate implant placement. After scans were taken, the
surgical guide was created for optimal positioning of the immediate
implant, and the implant was provisionalized. After osseointegration,
the patient returned for the final indirect restorations. A scan body
was placed over the implant-abutment complex, and the area was
scanned using CAD/CAM software (Figure 9). Subsequently, we were
able to view the proposed restoration design, which was then milled
chairside before being placed and screw-retained (Figures 10-12).
This procedure was streamlined with chairside milling.
Patient BenefitsFor patients, chairside CAD/CAM restorations offer significant
benefits. One-visit restorations are possible, with same-
day preparation and placement of indirect restorations. The
convenience and experience of digitally scanned, chairside-milled
restorations result in high levels of patient satisfaction. Overall,
patients have been found to prefer digital scans, which are less
unpleasant and less likely to induce gagging than traditional
impressions.20,21 Patients have also indicated a preference for
single-visit indirect restorations.22 In addition, the chairside-milled
restoration looks lifelike and natural.
CAD/CAM Chairside Milling
Figure 8—Final restoration
Figure 10—Proposed implant restoration
Figure 7—Removal of excess cement during the gel phase
Figure 9—Preparing the site for CAD/CAM scanning
DENTALLEARNING.NET DENTAL LEARNING | 7
DENTAL LEARNING
Conclusions Digital impressions can be taken and restorations created that
rival traditional techniques for form and esthetics. Of course, care
must be taken to ensure that the digital scans are accurate and
that preparation and milling procedures are properly executed.
Once the learning curve has been mastered, chairside milling
provides an easy and efficient method to provide restorative care.
The process workflow with chairside milling can be streamlined
and efficient dentistry provided. Chairside time is optimized,
accurate and esthetic restorations can be provided, and patient
satisfaction is excellent.
References1 Santos GC, Jr., Santos MJ, Jr., Rizkalla AS, et al. Overview of CEREC CAD/CAM
chairside system. Gen Dent. 2013;61(1):36-40.
2 Van Zeghbroeck L. CAD/CAM treatment for the elderly - a case report. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e1176-9.
3 Baroudi K, Ibraheem SN. Assessment of Chair-side Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Restorations: A Review of the Literature. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(4):96-104.
4 Hirayama H, Chang YC. Fit of zirconia copings generated from a digital impression technique and a conventional impression technique. Tufts University of Dental Medicine master’s thesis.
5 Sorensen JA, Sorensen PN, Mizuro K. Marginal fidelity of crowns made with optical versus conventional impressions. IADR Abstract #1599. April 2009.
6 Berrendero S, Salido MP, Valverde A, et al. Influence of conventional and digital intraoral impressions on the fit of CAD/CAM-fabricated all-ceramic crowns. Clin Oral Investigations. 2016 Jan. [Epub ahead of print].
7 Abdel-Azim T, Rogers K, Elathamna E, et al. Comparison of the marginal fit of lithium disilicate crowns fabricated with CAD/CAM technology by using conventional impressions and two intraoral digital scanners. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114(4):554-9.
8 Cooper LF, Stanford C, Feine J, McGuire M. Prospective assessment of CAD/CAM zirconia abutment and lithium disilicate crown restorations: 2.4 year results. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;116:33-9.
9 Nejatidanesh F, Shakibamehr AH, Savabi O. Comparison of marginal and internal adaptation of CAD/CAM and conventional cement retained implant-supported single crowns. Implant Dent. 2016;25:103-8.
10 Wittneben JG, Wright RF, Weber HP, Gallucci GO. A systematic review of the clinical performance of CAD/CAM single-tooth restorations. Int J Prosthodont. 2009;22:466-47.
11 Magne P, Schlichting LH, Maia HP, Baratieri LN. In vitro fatigue resistance of CAD/CAM composite resin and ceramic posterior occlusal veneers. J Prosthet Dent. 2010;104(3):149-57.
12 Vichi A, Sedda M, Del Siena F, et al. Flexural resistance of Cerec CAD/CAM system ceramic blocks. Part 1: Chairside materials. Am J Dent. 2013;26(5):255-9.
13 Batson ER, Cooper LF, Duqum I, Mendonça G. Clinical outcomes of three different crown systems with CAD/CAM technology. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;112(4):770-7.
14 Almeida de Silva JS, Erdelt K, Edelhoff D, et al. Marginal and internal fit of four-unit zirconia fixed dental prostheses based on digital and conventional impression techniques. Clin Oral Investig. 2014;18:515-23.
15 Keul C, Stawarczyk B, Erdelt KJ, et al. Fit of 4-unit FDPs made of zirconia and Co-Cr-alloy after chairside and labside digitalization - a laboratory study. Dent Mater. 2014;30(4):400-7.
16 Tidehag P, Ottosson K, Sjögren G. Accuracy of ceramic restorations made using an in-office optical scanning technique: an in vitro study. Oper Dent. 2014;39(3):308-16.
17 Fasbinder DJ. Clinical performance of chairside CAD/CAM restorations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:22S-31.
18 Joda T, Lenherr P, Dedem P, et al. Time efficiency, difficulty, and operator’s preference comparing digital and conventional implant impressions: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016.
19 Mjör IA, Davis ME, Abu-Hanna A. CAD/CAM restorations and secondary caries: a literature review with illustrations. Dent Update. 2008 Mar;35(2):118-20.
20 Gjelvold B, Chrcanovic BR, Korduner EK, et al. Intraoral digital impression technique compared to conventional impression technique: A randomized clinical trial. J Prosthodont. 2016;25(4):282-7.
21 Yuzbasioglu E, Kurt H, Turunc R, Bilir H. Comparison of digital and conventional impression techniques: evaluation of patients’ perception, treatment comfort, effectiveness and clinical outcomes. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:10.
22 Christensen GJ. In-office CAD/CAM milling of restorations: the future? J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139(1):83-5.
Figure 11—Final restoration and post-placement radiograph
Figure 12—Final screw-retained implant crown
8 DENTAL LEARNING
1. __________________ are the most frequently provided indirect restorations. a. Three-unit bridgesb. Single-unit crownsc. Veneersd. Inlays
2. Digital impressions are transformed into images for immediate viewing on the screen, allowing the clinician to check the preparation on a large screen and to immediately __________________ .a. adjust the software imageb. ask the laboratory to adjust any
deficient areasc. correct any deficient areas d. make an extra appointment for the patient
3. Scanning of traditional impression allows adjustment of any impression errors.a. Trueb. False
4. Chairside milling __________________ . a. can be advantageous when treating
elderly patientsb. reduces the time required for
restorative carec. gives the dentist complete control
over the processd. all of the above
5. Studies have found the accuracy and fit of single-unit crowns milled using __________________ blocks to be acceptable. a. zirconia b. all-ceramic c. lithium disilicate d. all of the above
6. In one review, the 10-year survival rate for chairside-milled restorations was __________________.a. 80%b. 85%c. 90%d. 95%
7. As one of the steps for chairside milling and provision of single-visit restorations, scans of the pre-existing teeth shapes can be made and used to create a __________________.a. provisional restorationb. virtual tray for the scanc. digital template to duplicate the shape
of the teethd. mouth guard
8. Chairside milling makes it possible to perform other procedures while the restoration is being milled. a. Trueb. False
9. In one study, digital scanning saved dentists __________________ of the time previously required to take a traditional impression. a. 25%b. 35%c. 45%d. 55%
10. Digital articulating paper __________________. a. does not yet existb. must be blue for accuracyc. allows rapid determination of the
occlusiond. b and c
11. One of the potential disadvantages of CAD/CAM and chairside milling is the __________________.a. learning curve required after adopting
this technologyb. resistance from patientsc. need for remakesd. none of the above
12. When performing CAD/CAM restorations, the preparation design must take into account the __________________.a. form and clearance required for the
block material being usedb. shade requiredc. patient’s aged. time required
13. The marginal fit of CAD/CAM restorations in general, compared to traditional restorations, is __________________.a. usually almost equivalentb. at least equivalentc. always inferiord. always superior
14. CAD/CAM software now offers automated marking and evaluation of margins.a. Trueb. False
15. A potential decrease in recurrent caries with CAD/CAM restorations is believed to be due to __________________.a. patients’ resulting motivation to flossb. their excellent marginal fit c. their internal fitd. the materials used
16. Having software that can assess the shades of teeth adjacent to the preparation can __________________.a. save timeb. help provide verification of the shade
you have selectedc. remove all possibility of needing to do
any staining or glazing d. a and b
17. Compact technology has been introduced that significantly speeds up the in-office stain and glaze process.a. Trueb. False
18. The ability to remove excess cement during a gel phase makes it __________________.a. impossible to leave any behindb. easy to peel away before the final curec. more radiopaqued. easier to dissolve any residual cement
afterward
19. Patient preference and satisfaction with single-visit milled restorations is good due to the __________________ compared to provision of a traditional restoration.a. needle-free experienceb. the overall convenience, experience,
and reduced likelihood of gaggingc. lack of taste associated with scanning d. ease of adjusting the occlusion after
seating
20. The process workflow with chairside milling allows for __________________.a. optimized chairside timeb. accurate restorations, provided steps
in the process are properly followedc. esthetic restorationsd. all of the above
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CAD/CAM Chairside Milling
DENTALLEARNING.NET DENTAL LEARNING | 9
CAD/CAM Chairside MillingCE ANSWER FORM (E-mail address required for processing)
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QUIZ ANSWERSFill in the circle of the appropriate answer that corresponds to the question on previous pages.
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES1. Describe the key attributes of single-visit indirect restorative dentistry;
2. Review the process workflow options with CAD/CAM and chairside milling of restorations;
3. List potential advantages and disadvantages of chairside milling;
4. Describe the impact of CAD/CAM and chairside milling on office efficiency and patient satisfaction.
If you have any questions, please email Dental Learning at [email protected] or call 888-724-5230.
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10 DENTAL LEARNING
CASE PRESENTATION
The Power and Simplicity of Digital ImpressionsBy Walter Renne, DMD, Tony Mennito, DMD, and Tyler Parrish
WALTERRENNE, DMD
Dr. Renne is an associate professor
in the Department of Oral Rehabilitation
and Restorative Dentistry in the
College of Dental Medicine at the
University of South Carolina.
TONYMENNITO, DMD
Dr. Mennito is an associate professor
in the Department of Oral Rehabilitation
and Restorative Dentistry in the
College of Dental Medicine at the
University of South Carolina.
TYLER PARRISH
A fourth-year dental student in the
College of Dental Medicine at the
University of South Carolina, Tyler Parrish
treatment planned and co-authored this
case.
NEW PRODUCTS | PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT | TRIED & TRUE CLINICAL PRACTICEPRODUCT
focus
Digital technology is constantly improving the effi ciency with which we carry out patient treatment. The speed and accuracy of intra-
oral digital impression systems is perhaps the area in which this improvement has been most signifi cant. Upgrades to both hardware and software allow for not only more expedient treatment, but also for more predictable clinical results. The coupling of powerful planning tools within the Planmeca Romexis software with the speed, accuracy, and ease of use of the Planmeca Emerald scanner offers many advan-tages to both the patient and practitioner.
The option of a single-visit smile can be very at-tractive for patients due to minimal interruption of their everyday lives. The temporary stage can often be problematic and frustrating for both patient and clinician. The potential for skipping this step can be attractive to both parties but does require more extensive planning leading up to execution of the treatment plan. The Planmeca Romexis smile design software provides a simple tool that allows the patient and dentist an opportunity to try out different shade options, smile designs, and tooth shapes, ensuring that a common vision is shared for fi nal prosthetic design. The software also allows you to export your smile design into the CAD software to ensure that it is replicated in the fi nal design or wax-up. Printing of the resulting model can be used to mock up or temporize the patient if required.
Case in PointA patient presents with the chief complaint, “I do
not like my smile” (Figure 1). She was given several options, including comprehensive orthodontic therapy as the best and most conservative option.
After detailed discussion of the various treatment options, the patient decided she wanted ceramic restorations and esthetic crown lengthening.
The fi rst step in the treatment planning process is to determine feasibility of restorative work. Quality full-face smile and retracted intraoral photographs are taken, along with a high-quality intraoral digital impression. With input from the pa-tient, the smile is designed using the Smile Design software (DSD) software (Planmeca Romexis) inte-grated with the Planmeca Emerald scanner (Figure 2). Next, the DSD is integrated into the Planmeca PlanCAD Easy* design software for virtual waxing of the case. This virtual wax-up will be 3D-printed for patient approval as well as to communicate to the periodontist the location of the proposed fi nal veneers to aid in the esthetic crown lengthening surgery. This surgery was performed to ensure that the proposed fi nal restorations would not en-croach on the biologic width (Figure 3).
After healing for 10 weeks, the patient returns for same-day preparation, milling, and delivery of 5 units of cingulum preservation crowns and minimal prep veneers. The original digital wax-up that was 3D-printed and used to guide the crown-lengthening surgery is scanned into the Planmeca PlanCAD Easy software using the Planmeca Emerald scanner. This wax-up can also serve as a template to make a sili-cone matrix for provisional restorations in the event that the patient did not like her fi nal milled restora-tions. After preparation and isolation, fi nal impres-sions are made by scanning the preparation arch, opposing arch, and digital bite (Figures 4, 5). The software color-codes clearance to ensure proper material thickness will be achieved (Figure 6).
High-quality digital color models are made and margins are marked using intuitive software tools. Restorations are quickly designed, replicating the diag-nostic digital wax-up that was approved by the patient (Figure 7). The restorations were sent for milling using the Planmeca
PlanMill 40. These e.max MT restorations were then custom characterized, glazed, and fi red to achieve a more natural ap-pearance. After patient approval, the fi nal e.max restorations were treated with Monobond etch and prime (Ivoclar Viva-dent) for 1 minute and bonded in place
using Optibond XTR adhesive (Kerr Re-storatives) and Variolink Esthetic (Ivoclar Vivadent) cement (Figures 8, 9).
*Available in the United States, Planmeca PlanCAD software performs the same functions as Planmeca PlanCAD Easy, which is offered internationally.
Figure 1—Preoperative photo
Figures 4, 5—After preparation and isolation, fi nal impressions are made by scanning the preparation arch, opposing arch, and digital bite.
Figure 7—Restorations designs replicate the diagnostic digital wax-up.
Figure 2—The smile is designed using Planmeca Romexis Smile Design software with scans from the Planmeca Emerald scanner.
Figures 8, 9—The patient’s new smile is revealed in the retracted and fi nal smile photos.
Figure 3—Esthetic crown-lengthening surgery ensures that the fi nal restorations would not encroach on the biologic width.
Figure 6—The software color-codes clearance to ensure proper material thickness will be achieved.
DENTALLEARNING.NET DENTAL LEARNING | 11
Practice Same-Day DentistryPlanmeca FIT with Planmeca Emerald. - The Complete Solution
The Planmeca Emerald™ and Planmeca PlanMill® 40 S are quite the pairing with efficient design options, brilliant colored scans, easy-to-use software and premium unrivaled support options — all while saving you the extra fees and your patients' time. When you have the Planmeca FIT™ Open CAD/CAM system you’ll be able to perform highly advanced, powder-free restorations, including same-day crowns, inlays, onlays, bridges and veneers with the speed and confidence you demand.
Call 855-262-9694 for a demonstration today.
I love being able to do one-visit dentistry. It’s a good fi t for my kind of patients. I practice in New York City, where we have a lot of transient
people. It could be someone who just fl ew in for a vacation, or someone who might be working in town temporarily. We are located close to the United Nations building and have handled some emergencies. People were happy with the results, so we’re now on their list if a diplomat is having trouble with a tooth. Regardless of what city or area you’re in, people will fi nd you online or by word of mouth if you can provide same-day dentistry.
The most common cases I see are as simple as a broken tooth, such as a missing whole or partial cusp, which would warrant a crown. With transient patients, you can put them in temporaries, but they’re unlikely to go see their home dentist for the permanent restoration anytime soon. They’re often too busy, or they’ve traveled to another country where the temporary broke and they saw yet an-other new dentist. The beautiful thing about using CAD/CAM technology is we’re able to provide them with a fi nal restoration right then and there, usually within 2 hours.
I’m a really hands-on person and enjoy using the Planmeca FIT system. I use e.max because its psi is 360, whereas a normal PFM is only 100 psi. The sys-tem also works with zirconia, but we fi nd it can wear on opposing natural teeth. I personally think e.max is as strong as needed but much more beautiful than zirconia. I create inlays with IPS Empress, which doesn’t need to be fi red. You can just mill it and
bond it right into place, usually in less than 2 hours. The Planmeca FIT system is my go-to for all
indirect restorations unless I need a bridge that is longer than 33 mm. The quality and strength of the milled restorations are excellent. What I really love about creating the crowns here in the offi ce is having the ability to stain and glaze them to match patients’ other teeth. Foreign dentists have sent me emails to say they were impressed with the results. One man who was so happy with the color match we achieved became our patient when he returned to New York.
Same-day dentistry is great for any patient be-cause they don’t have to leave work multiple times. If patients have to take off work, they would rather take just one day. That’s the beauty of the technolo-gy. It’s nice when I have a preplanned reason to use this technology, but it’s great for all our patients that I am able to do things “on the fl y.”
Same-Day Dentistry in the Big City
FREDERICK STANGE, DDSAfter graduating
with honors in fi ne arts from Stony
Brook University, Dr. Stange continued his education at his alma
mater and earned his doctorate from
the Stony Brook University School
of Dental Medicine. In his midtown
Manhattan dental practice, Dr. Stange combines the skills he learned as a fi ne
art major with his vast knowledge of
cosmetic dentistry to give patients a smile
they can be proud to show off. Dr.
Stange has taught undergraduate
dental students and conducted oral
biology lectures, been an instructor
for oral diagnostics, and was involved
in research on Arm & Hammer’s
Complete Care. He is also dedicated to continuing his own
dental education.
Frederick Stange, DDS, has been providing same-day dentistry for about 4 years in his busy Manhattan practice. He’s found that most patients, whether they are out-of-towners or patients he’s been treating for years, appreciate his ability to diagnose, treatment plan, and provide fi nal restorations within 2 hours or less.
PRODUCT EVALUATION | Q&A | FROM THE PODIUM | EARLY ADOPTERS WHY I USE...
DENTALLEARNING.NET DENTAL LEARNING | 13
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A recent single-vist crown on No. 3 stands in contrast to the PFM crown placed on No. 30 many years earlier.
14 DENTAL LEARNING
CASE PRESENTATION
Immediate Guided Implant Emergency Case Using CEREC By Yao-Lin Tang, DDS
YAO-LIN TANG, DDS
Dr. Tang’s formative years were spent
on the island nation of his birth,
Taiwan, where he received his
Bachelor of Science in Dental Surgery.
He later ventured to California to receive his Doctor of Dental
Surgery degree from University of
the Pacifi c School of Dentistry, and began
his fi rst practice in 1995. Dr. Tang has
over 20 years of practical knowledge
in cosmetic and general dentistry.
He has served as a professional
mentor for several organizations in CAD/CAM
restorations and digital radiography—
technology at the forefront of his practice in San
Mateo, CA.
NEW PRODUCTS | PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT | TRIED & TRUE CLINICAL PRACTICEPRODUCT
focus
A n emergency patient was referred with a broken tooth No. 9 (Figures 1, 2). The tooth had previously been treated with a
root canal and crown, but the tooth had fractured. Because the patient lives about an hour and a half from my offi ce, I decided to do an immediate implant with guided surgery. The Orthophos XG 3D CBCT unit and the CEREC Omni can (both Dentsply Sirona) were used to capture an intraoral scan of her upper arch. Next the restoration for tooth No. 9 was designed using CEREC software. An SSI fi le was exported and imported into the Galaxis CBCT software, merging both fi les. This data was used to determine the best angulation for the implant, the appropriate implant crown position, and the bone condition (Figure 3).
The patient’s buccal plate is very thin. The ridge is very limited, and it would be very challenging to attempt to do an immediate implant procedure on this patient without the accuracy of a surgi-cal guide. CEREC software was used to design a CEREC Guide 2, which was then milled with the CEREC MC XL milling machine (Figures 4A, 4B). This process takes about 30 to 40 minutes.
Tooth No. 9 was extracted atraumatically with a Benex Extractor (Benex Dent), preserving all the bone. After placing the CEREC Guide 2, the oste-otomy was performed through the surgical guide. Next, the 3.3 mm x 12 mm implant was placed, a bone graft was added, and a cover screw was used to enhance healing. In order to maintain the gingival papilla, I used the CEREC to make a tem-
porary cantilever bridge with an ovate contact on tooth No. 9 out of CERASMART (GC America). The temporary restoration was cemented using tooth No. 10 (which also needs a crown) as the abut-ment for the cantilever bridge. Although this was a temporary, I make temporaries with CEREC just like a permanent restoration, and I custom stain and glaze both temporary and fi nal restorations (Figures 5A, 5B).
The patient returned after 2 weeks for a postop check, at which point the site was healing very well. When the patient returned again in 4 months, I exposed the implant, and the CEREC was used to mill a VITA ENAMIC IS custom abutment (VITA North America) to train the gingival tissue for the fi nal restorations (Figures 6A, 6B). The patient returned in another 2 weeks for the fi nal restora-tion. I used the CEREC and VITA ENAMIC IS as the abutment material for tooth No. 9 and for both fi nal crowns (Figure 7).
Figure 1—An emergency appointment with a broken tooth No. 9. It had previously been treated with a root canal and a crown, and had fractured.
Figure 2—Preoperative x-ray
Figure 4B—CEREC Guide 2 used during surgery, shown with the Dentsply Sirona key and a guided drill
Figure 6A—Planning for ENAMIC custom healing abutment, placed to help improve gingival form
Figure 3—Ideal implant placement planned with CEREC and Galaxis software for restora-tions on teeth Nos. 9 and 10
Figure 5A—Stained and glazed CERASMART temporary restoration milled on the CEREC MC XL milling machine
Figure 6B—Healing abutment in place
Figure 4A—Designing the CEREC Guide 2 using the digital impression
Figure 5B—Temporary restorations at the 2-week recall appointment. The tissues were healing nicely.
Figure 7—Final restorations
15 DENTAL LEARNING
ConclusionI have been milling crowns with CEREC
for many years, but now that everything is digital, we make all our implant crowns
and surgical guides in-house as well. The whole procedure is “model-less,” as we don’t take any impressions. Since I started using CBCT, I use only guided
surgery for implant cases. I don’t do free-hand surgery any more. Thanks to digital dentistry and CEREC, I can provide my patients with better service.
PRODUCT EVALUATION | Q&A FROM THE PODIUM EARLY ADOPTERS | WHY I USE
F rom the beginning, I was very impressed with the quality of CEREC restorations. I thought the ability to save time and offer my patients same-
visit dentistry for crowns would be a differentiator in my practice. I purchased the system and my journey began. I soon realized that using CEREC isn’t just about the digital impression system and making the restoration. CEREC technology has also allowed us to have access to the latest, strongest, most esthetic materials for our patients.
Offering same-visit dentistry to my patients has also helped my practice grow. I began using CEREC effectively, and it became a key part of my business model as I expanded my practice. The whole process can be completed in a single visit. When the restora-tion is milling, you can use that time to interact with the patient, which allows me to create trust with the patient, raise their dental IQ , and build my practice through referrals. Beyond CAD/CAM, I purchased a Dentsply Sirona CBCT unit, the Orthophos XG 3D, for diagnosing purposes. Proper diagnosis is key because if you can’t diagnose correctly, you can’t seat prop-erly. CBCT allowed me to look for pathologies and do implant planning, nerve localization for wisdom teeth, extractions, orthodontics, and periodontics.
What’s most interesting with Dentsply Sirona is that the digital impression we take can be merged with cone beam volume, which is great because it allows us to do implant planning almost in reverse. We decide where the fi nal restoration will go in the patient’s
mouth virtually, we merge that volume with CBCT, and we place that volume where the implant will be placed. What’s special is that this allows us to fabricate a surgical guide that can be made in your offi ce milling chamber. When one uses a surgical guide for implant placement, it’s very precise and allows the procedure to be done in a much shorter period of time.
My advice to other dentists is to accept the fact that technology is our greatest aid. Twenty or 25 years ago, no one had cell phones, but today we wonder how we operated without them. We have to accept the fact that things do evolve for the better and keep an open mind. We need to look at the possibilities, speak to others, do our research, and consider how it can benefi t our patients and us.
DENTALLEARNING.NET DENTAL LEARNING | 17
Find out why Bobby Chagger, DDS, believes that CAD/CAM and CBCT technologies:• Have made a daily impact in his offi ce and enabled his practice to grow• Have helped him place implants with greater accuracy and effi ciency
BOBBYCHAGGER, DDS
Dr. Bobby Chagger obtained a DDS from University of Toronto
in 1996. He later graduated from the Misch International
Implant Institute and studied advanced functional esthet-
ics from the Las Vegas Institute for Advanced Dental
Studies. Dr. Chagger is a CEREC educator,
CEREC software beta tester, and
travels across North America, Asia, and
Europe to work with companies to
understand how new technology is chang-
ing possibilities in dentistry. He has
published articles on CEREC technology
and now trains other dentists in both
basic and advanced dentistry using
CEREC 3D.
EmbracingTechnologyfor Growth GROW YOUR PRACTICE BY HAVING YOURTEAM TRAINED TO USE THE LATEST TOOLSFOR DIGITAL DENTISTRY
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4 STEPS IN A SINGLE VISIT1 Scan: Use the CEREC scanner to take digital
impressions. The entire intraoral cavity, including the maxilla and mandible, can be scanned.
2 Design: The CEREC software generates restora-tion proposals and can connect with Invisalign or other laboratories. The data can also be merged with the CBCT volume for implant planning.
3 Produce: The CEREC grinding and milling unit allows for in-offi ce fabrication of restorations.
4 Sinter & Glaze: Full-contour zirconia restorations are sintered and glazed chairside in the compact CEREC SpeedFire.
W e dentists have to start understanding that our time is the most valuable and expensive asset we have. We tend
to believe that personnel, materials, and supplies are expensive—but when you boil it down, it’s really a matter of time itself being the best return on investment (ROI) in terms of our productivity. This concept should be applied to patients as well; ultimately, we have to value their time more than anything. The average patient takes about 3 hours off work for a dental appointment, so the more times they have to do that, the less productive they are, too.
So many of the intangible things that we just accept as the traditional way of doing dentistry are eliminated with chairside digital dentistry. For example, in the traditional model, patients must return to have indirect restorations placed. The cost of the time involved—from the assistant to the front-offi ce person, setting up an appointment, and then rescheduling if the patient cancels—adds up fast. These are unrealizable costs. When comparing direct costs of single-visit dentistry vs. two-visit restorations, materials come to mind—impression material, provisional material, temporary cement, all with their guns and tips. These things add up. And don’t forget the cost of ordering and maintain-ing the inventory.
It’s easier to focus on the tangible ROI when a res-toration is fabricated in-house. Using Dentsply Sirona’s CEREC system, the average time for an appointment with me is between 60 and 90 minutes for a single tooth restoration. Typically, my assistant takes our pre-liminary digital impression, which includes the bite and the opposing. Prepping the tooth varies in time, de-pending on the case. After isolation, I take a fi nal digital impression. Depending on state law, the dentist can then walk away and move on to other things, such as another patient. A well-trained assistant can do the de-sign and start the milling process, which usually takes 8 to 14 minutes. It takes 5 to 8 minutes to design the restoration, including processing. While the machine is milling the crown, the assistant is free to do other things. When the milling is fi nished, the assistant makes sure it fi ts and polishes it or puts it into an oven, which takes 5 to 16 minutes. At that point, the dentist comes back to deliver it, which can take 5 to 10 minutes when you’re bonding it in. Much of the process can be dele-gated to an assistant, saving the dentist time.
A good example of understanding the value of time is when something needs a remake or adjustments, we don’t have to start the process over again—we can immediately correct it right in the offi ce. For example, if the color is not right, I can literally just click “mill” again and have a different color restoration ready to go, which is a tremendous advantage.
I like knowing that I’m saving myself and all parties involved time and money, while having the satisfaction of creating indirect restorations myself.
The Hidden Costof Your TimeWHEN IT COMES TO THE ROI OF INDIRECTRESTORATIONS, CONSIDER BOTH THE TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE COSTS
TARUNAGARWAL, DDS
Dr. Agarwal is a full-time practicing
general dentist who deals with the same issues we all face—overhead, diffi cult patients, ups and downs of private
practice, and team management. Despite
being contracted with insurance, he’s managed to build a successful practice that is focused on
clinical excellence, customer service,
and allowing patients to choose optimal
dentistry. Dedicated to continuing
education, he has studied with many
leaders in the fi eld of dentistry but readily
admits his best learning has come
from the “school of hard knocks.”
Dr. Tarun Agarwal uses a CAD/CAM system to make indirect restorations in-house. He’s found that it saves him, his team, and—just as importantly—his patients time. For Dr. Agarwal, one of the intangible hidden costs of traditional dentistry was just that … time … and he doesn’t miss those days at all.
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18 DENTAL LEARNING
TANGIBLE COSTS OF INDIRECT CROWNS
Lab Chairside$90-$150 $25-$352–3 visits 1 visit (60–90 min)
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