Dental implants
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Transcript of Dental implants
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DENTAL IMPLANTSDENTAL IMPLANTS
Dr Reham Mohammed Abdallah,Assistant Professor at the Department of Dental
Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University
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Objectives
1. Indications and contraindications for dental implants.2. The materials used for dental implants.3. Types and uses of dental implants.4. Osseointegration.
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I. Dental Implants
• Dental implant is a device that is inserted inside the alveolar bone and projects through the oral mucosa to support dental prosthesis.
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. Indications and Contraindications for Dental Implants
• Indications1. Restoring an Edentulous Atrophic Mandible
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Indications
• 2. Restoring a Single Missing Tooth
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Contraindications
•Patients with systemic diseases as diabetes.
•Smoking
•Poor oral hygiene
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Materials Used for Dental Implants
• Titanium and its alloys are very common implant materials in dentistry.
• It is commonly manufactured by machining into preformed shapes.
• The major advantage of titanium is that it will osseointegrate with bone if handled properly.
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Titanium and Titanium AlloysTitanium and Titanium Alloys
• Forms a very stable oxide layer• Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is used for
dental implants, surface coatings, and crowns, partial and complete dentures and orthodontic wires.
• Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used.
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Ti & alloys are called the materials of Ti & alloys are called the materials of choice in dentistry because of:choice in dentistry because of:
1. High corrosion resistance2. High biocompatibility with tissues3. Light in weight4. Low density5. Low modulus6. High strength
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Apatite-Coated TitaniumApatite-Coated Titanium• Apatites are a class of calcium phosphate
materials.
• The hydroxyapatite of hard tissues, such as teeth and bone, are examples.
• Hydroxyapatite materials can osseointegrate.• Increased success in certain clinical situations.
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Other materials• 1. Metals1. MetalsGold, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium alloys
were used with little success.• 2. Ceramics2. CeramicsHydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphate
materials are currently used as implant materials. • 3. Polymers3. PolymersHad little success as prosthodontic implants.
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Types of Dental ImplantsTypes of Dental Implants• Endosseous implants Endosseous implants or tooth form implants are
screwed or pressed into a hole that is cut into the mandible or maxilla.
• They reside inside the bone, thus the name “endosseous.”
• Resides partially in bone.• Single tooth replacement thru denture support.• Screw-shaped.• Most common type.
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Shapes of endosseous implants Shapes of endosseous implants
• Cylinders with threads (screw)
• Cylinders with straight sides
• Blade implants, with notches cut into it.
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Shapes of endosseous implants Shapes of endosseous implants
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B.B. Transosseous or Staple Transosseous or Staple ImplantsImplants
• It consists of a plate and several bolts that transverse the mandible in the anterior region.•A transosseous implant was used to stabilize a mandibular denture.•Rarely used
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C.C. Subperiosteal ImplantsSubperiosteal Implants
• Used to stabilize a mandibular denture. • Placed on the mandibular bone below the
periosteum.• Rests on alveolar ridge, no bone invasion.• Less invasive, less stable
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Osseointegration of Dental ImplantsOsseointegration of Dental Implants
• Osseointegration is a direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of a load carrying implant.
• Successful osseointegration transfers bite forces to bone and stimulates the growth of bone.
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Osseointegration is dependent on;Osseointegration is dependent on;
• Material biocompatibility• Implant surface• Status of bone• Surgical technique• Healing conditions• Biting forces
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Osseointegration of Dental Osseointegration of Dental ImplantsImplants
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