Dental Health in Veterinary Medicine What do animals use their teeth for? Chewing Catching prey Self...
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Transcript of Dental Health in Veterinary Medicine What do animals use their teeth for? Chewing Catching prey Self...
Dental Health in Veterinary Medicine
What do animals use their teeth for?
Chewing Catching prey Self defense
What do vets look for in animal teeth? Look for signs of disease Look for broken and/or missing teeth Look for occlusal relationships* Approximate the age of the animal
How about these?* See slide note
Do animals get dental disease? Periodontal disease affects 85% of
cats and dogs over 5 years of age
How can veterinarians tell if an animal has tooth pain?
*
What can dental disease do to my pet?
Cause pain Result in tooth loss Make eating difficult Lead to infections Lead to inactivity
What causes periodontal disease?
* * Bacteria forms plaques on the
teeth Plaque hardens to form calculus Plaque starts to touch the gums Bacteria and immune system release
destructive chemicals Destroys the attachment of the tooth to
the gum
Healthy gums
Pink gums Smooth Shiny
*
Stage 1 – Periodontal disease
Red gums Swollen gums
Stage 2 – Periodontal disease
Infection around the teeth
Shallow pockets Bone loss
Stage 3 & 4 – Periodontal disease
Deep pockets Bone loss Loose teeth
*
How can we prevent periodontal disease? Any ideas?
*
How can I help my pet?
Brush your pet’s teeth! Lift lips Rub their gums and teeth Brush gently with a finger
brush or soft toothbrush Brush gently with pet
toothpaste on the fingerbrush or toothbrush
*
Get your vet to show you how and do it only under parental supervision so you don’t cause harm.
Pet toothpaste
Some is flavored to taste like food
Does not contain fluoride. DO YOU KNOW WHY?
Contains enzymes. DO YOU KNOW WHY?
*
Gumabones®
Pet chew toys
Havaball Chew Toy
Pet chew toys
C.E.T HEXtra Chews•Rawhide delivers mechanical action that abrades plaque from teeth above the gum line.•Saliva releases Chlorhexidine to provide sustained antiseptic action to eliminate placque-forming bacteria
C.E.T. Dual Enzyme Chews•Rawhide delivers mechanical action that abrades plaque from teeth above the gum line.• Dual Enzyme System is activated by saliva to produce Hypothiocyanite ions which eliminates placque-forming bacteria.
Pet chew toys
Goat Hoof
Toothpaste Enzymes
Enzymes are target specific (they only break down specific kinds of starches or proteins)
The manufacturer may not always explain on the label what kinds of enzymes are in the toothpaste.
How well they work in the toothpaste may be debatable.
Enzymes are proteins. For more about how they affectfood, see our Web curriculum modules on digestion:http://peer.tamu.edu/curriculum_modules/OrganSystems/module_2/whatweknow2.htm
Demo on protective effect of fluoride
What about cavities?
Do dogs and cats get cavities? … not usually.
Do you know why? There are two main reasons. Hint: cavities are caused by bacteria growing on trapped food.
*
Dental Research
Better technology for braces Laser imaging for diagnosing early-
stage periodontal disease Zapping diseased gums with lasers Improved implants for missing teeth
Human Dental Care: Brushing Brush after every meal,
certainly before and after a night’s sleep. Rinse well.
Bacteria in the mouth ends up irritating the gums, getting into bloodstream.
Human Dental Care: Brushing People with gum disease are more likely to
have hardened arteries, heart attack, stroke, and even diabetes.
Teeth should be cleaned twice a year in a dentist’s office.
Insert strip of floss between each pair of teeth.
Work back and forth, up and down.
Rinse (note if you see residue even after brushing) See animation
Human Dental Care: Flossing
Water Picks
Direct spray between each pair of teeth and front and back surfaces.
Note if any residue appears in the water as it drains out of your mouth. If brushing and flossing don’t get it all, you may need to use water picks routinely.
Example NIH Research in DentistryUsing bacterial gene sequences to identify strains that cause rapid tooth decay.
*
Plan for the study
Oral bacteria in a large group of racially/ethnically diverse children will be tested to see if the bacterial gene sequence can predict which children will get severe cavities.
Filling of an old cavity
New cavity forming
Expected benefit Early identification of children at risk
can lead to vigorous preventive treatment.
Teeth of such children can be sealed shortly after teeth emerge.
Molar tooth showing deep grooves that act as traps for food and bacteria.
Molar tooth with grooves filled with protective sealant
May I answer your questions?