Denis Choinière, ing. M.Sc. Environmental Division Consumaj inc. Consumaj.

Denis Choinière, ing. M.Sc.

Environmental Division

Consumaj inc.

ConsumajConsumaj

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Livestock activity Produces odor

Impact on the cohabitation with the neighborhood

Natural windbreaks were identified as a potential measure to reduce the present problem

The implantation of natural windbreaks around buildings is promoted by different organisations such as FPPQ, MAPAQ.

Method that is welcomed by producers and their neighborhood

Introduction…Introduction… Odor Windbreaks Odor WindbreaksIntroduction…Introduction… Odor Windbreaks Odor Windbreaks

Windbreaks may reduce odors in many ways

By facilitationg dust deposits By physically intercepting dust

By diluting odorous gases with increased turbulence By absorbing certain componants of the odor

Phase 1 of the projet

Phase 3 of the projet

ProblematicProblematicProblematicProblematic

Many hypotheses few are scientifically validated Tyndall and Collecti (2000) propose the hypothesis that

farms would almost become inodorous if all dust was removed.

It is demonstrated that windbreaks facilitate dust deposits (like they do for snow or sand)

So if dust contributes largely to odor transportation, windbreaks should reduce odors from livestock operations.

This is a hypothesis which has not yet been validated scientifically with direct odor measurements.

The Project: « Influence of The Project: « Influence of Windbreaks on Odors » Windbreaks on Odors »

The Project: « Influence of The Project: « Influence of Windbreaks on Odors » Windbreaks on Odors »

Initiated by Consumaj and their research team from Consumaj/ McGill University

Completed with the following teams• l’UPA St-Jean Valleyfield• ITA de la Pocatière André Vézina

Financial Partners• LEI (Livestock Environmental Initiative)

• CDAQ (Conseil pour le développement de l’agriculture du Québec)

• MAPAQ (Ministère de l’Agriculture et des pêcheries et de l’alimentation

du Québec)

ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives

Quantify the influence of natural windbreaks on odor dispersion/reduction

Evaluate the tree species influence on odor dispersion/reduction

Evaluate the influence of the distance between the windbreaks and the odor emission source

Quantify the impact of odor windbreaks on separating distances, that is, to estimate new seperating distances according to the odor windbreaks established.

The PhasesThe PhasesThe PhasesThe Phases

Phase 1 Validate the impact of dust on the sampling

protocol and odor measurement

Phase 2

Develop a mobile odor generator

Phase 3

Experiment the influence of windbreaks on odor

Phase 1 - DustPhase 1 - DustPhase 1 - DustPhase 1 - Dust

4 growing finishing piggeries

2 filtered samples and 2 non-filtered samples

Measure odor concentration

Farm A Farm B Farm C Farm D All

Without Filter

261 ou/m³

195 ou/m³

272 ou/m³

478 ou/m³

306 ou/m³

With Filter

180 ou/m³

219 ou/m³

368 ou/m³

303 ou/m³

274 ou/m³

Conclusion

Non-significant impact of dust on the sampling protocol

Phase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor Generator

Degasser principle, maximises the contact between manure and air

Uses fattening pigs’ manure

Built for a regular size truck box

Produces 500 to 1000 odor units/sec

Air flow of 3600 CFM

Odor production adjusted as needed


Manure tank

Ventilator Variable speed

Recirculationpump

Dilution duct

Air - manure contact338 m²/m³

8 degasser cubes

Phase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- Windbreaks

Do tests on existing mature windbreaks

Site with little interference with odors from animals

2 deciduous windbreaks

2 evergreen windbreaks

3 distances - odor source / windbreak (15m; 30m; 60m)

5 replicas (high density)

1 low density

1 high density

1 low density

1 high density

Site 1Site 1Site 1Site 1

Deciduous, low density


Deciduous, high density


Evergreens, low density


Evergreens, high density


Field Methodology


Odor nuisance scale

Data InterpretationData InterpretationData InterpretationData Interpretation

Analyse odor generator samples with the dynamic olfactometer to measure the odor concentration and the odor nuisance.

Define the relation for each panellist

Odor nuisance Odor concentration

Transform the odor nuisance field data to an odor concentration for each position in the field

Data InterpretationData InterpretationData InterpretationData Interpretation

Combine those field odor concentrations with:

Odor source emission rate

Number of dilutions from source to field point

Wind direction

UTM coordinate

Absolute distance from source Distance from source - parallel and perpendicular to wind direction

Make a large spreadsheet with all this information and use it for the analysis

Effect on Plume LengthEffect on Plume LengthEffect on Plume LengthEffect on Plume Length

Without Windbreak

300m

350m

400m

450m

500m

550m

600m

0m 15m 30m 45m 60mWindbreak / Odor Source (m)

Plu

me

Leng

th (m

)

Erro

r

Windbreak

25% Reduction

23% Reduction

19% Reduction

Effect on Plume AreaEffect on Plume AreaEffect on Plume AreaEffect on Plume Area


Plu

me

Are

a (h

a)

Err

or Without

Windbreak

37% Reduction

Windbreak33% Reduction

30% Reduction

Effect on Average Odor Effect on Average Odor DilutionDilution

Effect on Average Odor Effect on Average Odor DilutionDilution

0

100

200

300

400

500

600


Ave

rage

Odo

r D

ilutio

n

Deciduous WindbreakEvergreen Windbreak

Without Windbreak

Windbreak performance to reduce odors is better when windbreak is at 15m from the source then at 30m or 60m

Windbreaks can reduce separation distance from livestock operations and neighbors by 19% to 25%

Windbreaks can reduce the area affected by the odor by 30% to 37%

Windbreaks can also reduce the odor concentration within the odor plume

Low porosity (below 30%) windbreak is needed to have a measurable effect on the odor

ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements CDAQ

IESE

MAPAQ

McGill University

UPA St-Jean Valleyfield

André Vézina Site Owners

Question PeriodQuestion PeriodQuestion PeriodQuestion Period

Thank-you for your attention!

Denis Choinière, ing. M.Sc. Environmental Division Consumaj inc. Consumaj.

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