Demzy's Presentation on HDD

A TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL

DRILLING (HDD) TECHNOLOGY

GEORGE UDEMEOBONG NTA

0803 512 8478

BY

ON

Objective

• To enlighten the audience on Horizontal

Directional Drilling Technology and how it

can contribute towards developing and

securing effective pipeline infrastructure in

Nigeria.

Some of the Factors affecting development and

security of Pipeline Infrastructure in Nigeria

• Technology

• Technical Expertise

• Finance

• Vandalization

• Comprehensive Pipeline Infrastructure

Database

• Government and Regulatory Authorities

• Social Awareness

Horizontal Directional Drilling Technology

Overview

• Developed in the early 70’s

• Combination of road boring and oil well

directional drilling

• Lengths up to 3900m

• Pipelines up to 56 inch. Diameter

• Installation through sand, silts, clays

and rock

Directional Drilling Applications

• Land to Land Crossing

– Rail, Road and River Crossings

– Contaminated and environmentally significant areas

Directional Drilling Applications

Water to Water

crossing Islands

crossings Channel

Land to water crossing

Shore approaches

Outfalls

PROCEDURE FOR HDD

• INITIAL PLANNING / FEASIBILITY

• GEOTECHNICAL REVIEW

• ENGINEERING DESIGN

• INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

• PULL BACK

• DEMOBILISATION

INITIAL PLANNING/ FEASIBILITY

• Site Investigation

• Preliminary Design

• Construction Costs

• Time scale: - engineering &

preparations 3 months, drill hole 2

weeks, pull back 1 day.

Directional Drilling Installation Procedure

• Mobilization and Site Preparation

• Pre-HDD Activities Installation Procedure

• Rig-up • Temporary Casing Installation (If required)

• Pilot Hole

• Hole Opening Pass

• Pullback

• De-Mobilization

Site Preparation

• Two sites normally required

• Rig site 50m x 50m

• Pipe side and stringing site

• Staged on land and offshore

Typical Drilling Rig Site

Pilot Hole Assembly

• Jetting or rock bit

• Non-magnetic collars

• Survey tool

• Non-magnetic collars

DRILL BIT TYPE

Mill-tooth Cutter TCI - Cutter

PILOT HOLE PASS

• Installation of Para-track Guidance System

• Typical Sizes

– 8.5” (216 mm) – 12.25” (311.2 mm)

• Drill Path Design

– Entry Angles: 10 – 18 degrees

– Design Vertical Curves: 100 x Outside Diameter

(100 x 12) = 1200’ (366 m)

– Exit Angles: 6 – 10 degrees. Subject to final

design calculations.

Drilling Fluids

• Purpose

– Cutting medium for jet bits

– Drive mud motors

– To suspend carry cuttings away from face of drill and out of

drilled bore

– Provide fill to stabilize bore

• Basic Materials

– Dry Bentonite (naturally occurring clay)

– Fresh water

REAMING-HOLE EXPANSION

FLY CUTTERS & BARREL

REAMERS

BARREL REAMERS

FLY CUTTER

CONVENTIONAL HOLE OPENERS – MILL

TOOTH CUTTERS

PULLBACK

• Swab Pass(es)

• Connection to Carrier Pipe

• Rate of Pull

• Buoyancy Control

TYPICAL PIPELINE

PULLBACK

ENTRY POINT PULLBACK

Project Principles

• To assess the feasibility of a HDD project

the following basic information is required.

Environmental Considerations

Logistics

Topography

Geology

Project Principles

• Environmental Disturbance to the local

environment from Drilling

Operations.

Drilling Fluid discharge

risks, control and mitigation.

• Logistics Transport of Equipment.

Support for Drilling

Operations.

Movement of Tools.

Disposal of Cuttings and

Drilling Fluids.

Movement of Personnel

Project Principles

• Topography – Location Plan

– Area Plan

– Longitudinal Section

including levels

– Depth of Steams and

Rivers

• Geology – Evaluation of Existing

Documentation

– Historical Research

– Boreholes

– Penetration Tests

– Geophysical Tests

– Laboratory Tests

– Geotechnical Reports

GEOTECHNICAL REVIEW

• Number / Depth of Borings

• Sieve Analysis Tests

• Unconfined Compressive Strength

Tests

• Rock Quality Designation (RQD)

ENGINEERING DESIGN

• Detailed Crossing Profile Design

• Operating Stress Calculations

• Installation Stress Calculations

• Free Stress Minimum Bending Radius

• Estimated Fluid Quantity Calculations

• Pipeline Buoyancy Analysis

Equipments • Drilling Rig American Augers DD625

American Augers DD440T

Astec DD3238

MPR 6000 MUD SYSTEM

TULSA IRON 1000 MUD

SYSTEM

HDD Landfalls - General Details

• Rig located onshore, (can be placed on marine spread offshore).

• Drill to exit point from beach entry subject to pipe size and soil conditions.

• Engineer coating on pipe-string to give temporary stability during the laying of the string and to have a low friction value when being pulled through the hole.

• Pipe-string is preferably pulled directly into the hole either from a laybarge or from a pre-laid position on the seabed.

Offshore Support “Back Reaming”

• Support vessel

– Locate and survey exit

point

– Pick-up wash pipe

– Stage prereaming

operations

Offshore Support Pipeline Pullback

• Support vessel

– Hold product string

– connection for pullback

Intercept Drilling

• Concept developed from oilfield technology for

tapping into capped wells.

• Requirements

– Two HDD Maxi Rigs

– Insert Casings at each Drill Site.

– Drill from one side to within a notional 500m of the

opposed rig

– Drill from the opposed side to intercept the first drill

HDD Intercept Drilling

• Restrictions

–Ground Conditions (Rock, Stiff clays)

–Depth of Geotechnical Survey

–New

–Repeatability.

INSTALLATION METHODOLOGY FOR INTERCEPT CROSSINGS

• Mobilize Equipment and Personnel to Site.

• Survey and re-establish entry and exit co-ordinates.

• Set up Equipment at both sides of the River (Rig, mud unit and

Steering Tool and wire coils).

• Install casing in alignment to entry angles to firm ground bed at both

sides.

• Drill 2nos Pilot holes into the intersect area, from both sides of the

river.

• Switch the Guidance system on the shorter crossing to the Passive

Magnetic ranging system (PMRS) mode and establish contact

between both guidance systems.

• Retrieve the short crossing as the longer crossing is steered into the

same hole as the shorter crossing, using the PMRS as a homing

device to the exit point.

• Disconnect both guidance systems.

• Connect a reamer and commence the hole expansion process

My Various Site HDD Experiences

• 24” X 1.5Km River Niger Crossing At Kwale For Daewoo/NAOC In

March Of 2004 Using 300Ton (625,000#) American Augers Rig

• 40” X 760M Road & Creek Crossing For Daewoo/SPDC In January

201O Using The 300Ton American Augers Rig.

• 18” X 1.3KM Uruan River Crossing at Uruan, Akwa-Ibom State.

(swamp)

• 18” x 950m Aka-Ibonda River crossing at Creek Town, Cross River

state. (swamp)

• 18” x 704m Calabar River Crossing at Calabar. (land)

• 18” x 650m Itu River Crossing, C.River State. (swamp)

• 18” x 550m Esu and Esukudo River crosings, CRS. (swamp)

• 18” x 363m Abak river Crossing, Aks. (land)

My Various Site HDD Experiences

30” x 300m Road Xing – Zakhem Constr Ltd (October 2011)

12” x 300m Liverpool River Xing – Oando Plc (September 2011)

Test Pilot Hole Bore, 300m – Oando Plc (August 2011)

Installation Period: November 2011

24” X 1.7km Oron River Crossing

24” x 1.2km Uruan River Crossing

24” x 950m Calabar River Crossing

24” x 650m Itu River Crossing

24” x 600m Esu River crossing

Client – NIPP/KAZTEC

Status– Swamp Site Preparations and Mobilization

Installation Period – 2nd

Quarter 2012

16”,6” and 4” X 700m Mid-Stream, Bundle Crossing across

Commodore Channel Lagos.

Method – HDD, Shore Approach.

Client – Oando Plc

Status – Engineering and Design Completed

HDD EQUIPMENT & CREW WORKED WITH

RIG – AMERICAN AUGERS DD625 HDD RIG (2004)

CAPABILITY – 300 TON (625,000 LB) PULL BACK

CAPABILITY (CAPABLE OF PULLING 3.5KM X 12” P/L)

PUMP/CLEANING SYSTEM – TULSA RIG IRON 10,000

GALLONS MUD CLEANING / RECYCLING SYSTEM

750GPM WEATHERFORD T425 MUD PUMP

6” SYKES TRASH PUMPS (3 NOS).

3KM 6-5/8” FH DRILL PIPES.

VARIOUS SIZES OF FLY CUTTERS/HOLE OPENERS AND

BARREL REAMERS Frm 12” to 60”.


RIG – AMERICAN AUGERS DD440T HDD RIG (2009)


CAPABILITY (CAPABLE OF PULLING 2.5KM X 12” P/L)

PUMP/CLEANING SYSTEM – MPR 6000 MUD CLEANING /

RECYCLING SYSTEM/PUMPING SYSTEM.

200 GALLONS MUD RECYCLING UNIT COMPLETE WITH

SHAKERS, DESANDERS AND DESILTERS.

3 NOS 6” SYKES TRASH PUMPS.

2.5KM 5” X 4-1/2 IF DRILL PIPES.


BARREL REAMERS


RIG – ASTEC 3238 DIRECTIONAL DRILLING RIG


PUMP/CLEANING SYSTEM – MX 330 MUD CLEANING /

RECYCLING SYSTEM/PUMPING SYSTEM.

2 NOS 4” SYKES SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS.

750M 2-3/8” DRILL PIPES.


BARREL REAMERS

The Benefits of Directional Drilling

• Minimum environmental disturbance

• No interruption to shipping, road or rail traffic

• Accurate installation

• Shorter construction schedules

• Lower installation costs

• Minimal maintenance

• Greater protection from external damage

• Requires no concrete coating.

• Cheaper alternative to open cut.

• Less logistics

• Can be buried up to 30mtrs, hence out of

the reach of vandals.

• Fewer personnel.

• Depth of cover add as additional

protection to the pipe.

• Accurate As-Built Documentation.

The Benefits of Directional Drilling cont.

THANK YOU

FOR

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Demzy's Presentation on HDD

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