DeMystifying Design

De-Mystifying Design

Prof M P RanjanProfessor - Design ChairCEPT UniversityAhmedabad, India

for students of Technology and Management

[email protected]

Body

Mind

Mind Body Map

ResourceMaps

OpportunityMaps

Percieved Potential

ImaginedPossibility

Propositional Space

TabooSpace

Experiential Space

Context

Craft : Quality & WorkmanshipSport : Skill & SportsmanshipMusic : Tone & SensitivityArt : Form & CompositionDance : Balance & Poise

TangiblevsIntellectual

What If ?Do Not !

CulturalSocialGeographicHistorical, etc....

Systems Metaphorfor Design

SystemConstituentsPropertiesFunctions

State

Outcome

HumanCivilisationGround

Environment

Material

Effect

Convergence

Technology

Multi-disciplinaryUser Centered

Empathy

Style

Form

Performance

Design

Culture

Structure

* 1993, 1999 & 2004 M P Ranjan

1993 M P Ranjan, National Institute of Design

Fire as metaphor for system

Value in Design Thought & Action

Profile of theemerging Designer

SkillBase

KnowledgeBase

CognitiveBaseThinking

Doing

Knowing& Finding

MotivationCognitive CapabilitiesValues & Attitudes

Empathy rooted inCore Philosophy

Abilities withTools of the Trade

Action CapabilitiesManagement

External Modelling& Presentation

Contact with RealityWorld - People - Environment

Access to Specific Knowledgeand Virtual Worlds

ValueBaseFeelingExpression

Knowledge

Society

Ideology

ResearchMeaning

Dreaming

Thinking

Drawing

Modelling

Ethics

Team Worker

Simulation 1993 M P Ranjan, National Institute of Design

Levels of Design Intervention

Systems ThinkingOpportunity MappingStrategic Initiatives

InventiveInnovativeCreative

Variety & StyleDifferentiationChoice / Fashion

FormColourDetailTechnologyFinishesToolsOrnamentationPractical Know How

Creates New IndustriesCreates New MarketsRe-engineering strategiesMass Customisation strategiesEco-Friendly strategiesAnticipatory strategies....

StrategicLevel

Breakthrough ProductsNovel ConstructionsInnovative Processes...

Product DifferentiationProduct CollectionsStyle and FashionMarket Segmentation..

Improves....QualityPerformanceCostFinishColourOrnament....

Every design projectaddresses all levels invarying degrees...

Market Led Design

Patent Led Design

Vision Led Design

Skill Led DesignSense Led Design


DESIGNCreativeLevel

ElaborativeLevel

TacticalLevel

SensoryExperiential

Business

Innovative

Strategic

Trade

Process of Design Thought & Action

EmpathyObservationInteraction

ImaginationArticulationConvictions

Form GivingDetailingDeveloping

EntrepreneurshipDiplomacyCommittment

Systems DesignThe NID Model

2001 M P Ranjan, NID

User & NeedResearch

ScenarioVisualisation

ConceptDevelopment

BusinessModels

1 2 3 4

GoalsNeeds

FuturesDirections

AlternativesDetails

TrendsSoftwareEconomics

Analysis

Synthesis


theNIDway

2012 M P RanjanStool Model for Innovation

DESIGN Sensibilities

SCIENCETemper

ARTAbilities

Innovationfor Society

FIRE2 million years

TOOLS1.5 million years

SYMBOLIC EXPRESSION

250,000 yearsMOBILITY

50,000 yearsAGRICULTURE & SETTLEMENT10,000 years

TECHNOLOGY & CRAFT5000 years

SCIENCE2000 years of education

KNOWLEDGE50 years TODAY

TOMORROW?

HUMAN INTENTION TO VALUE CREATION

A NEW LOOK AT

Design, Science & ArtDesign started here!!

Art started here!!

Science started here!!

History of Design: Thought & Action

The Design Journey Explained

2009 M P Ranjan Hand - Head - Heart : Ethics in Design 4th National Design Conference : Istanbul www.ranjanmp.in

DesignersMind

DesignersEmotions

DesignersAntennae

DesignOpportunity

Conviction

Decision

Insights

Perception

Imagination

Concept

Prototype

1, 2, 3, .....1, 2, 3, ......

Success ?

Disaster ?

Impact

Positive

Negative

Drop Project ?

Go, Go Go ......

DesignersResponsibility ?

DesignAction

Inploration

Exploration

Stone inthe Pondthe Pond

Design Thinking

Reflective

Intentional Categorical Analytic Explorative

Synthetic

AbductiveAbductiveAbductive

*

see descriptions at and Download model from *Design Journey *

2007 M P Ranjan, NIDrevised: based on model in discussion with Sumiran

ANALYTICCATEGORICINTENTIONAL EXPLORATIVE

ABDUCTIVE

SYNTHETIC

REFLECTIVE

Three Orders of Design

2009 M P Ranjan Hand - Head - Heart : Ethics in Design 4th National Design Conference : Istanbul www.ranjanmp.in

Material

Function

Technique

Science

Economy

Aesthetics

SocialLinguisticEnvironmental

Political & Legal

Cultural

Systems

Spiritual

Craftsmanship

Vision & Design Opportunities

What is Design ?

Pro

blem

Perce

ption

DesignOpportunities

SolutionInsights

Context

Vision IntentionsExplorationsCompositionsJudgementsInnovationPromotionImplementationNurturing

2011 M P Ranjan : DESIGN THINKING : Strategies & Applications

International ExperienceInnovation for Business Processes

Books on Design Thinking for Organisational Change

ROTTMANS

*Tim Brown - IDEO

*Roger Martin

IDEO

Experience from Management

*Daniel W Rasmus*Tom Kelley


Books on Design Thinking for Process Change

*Tom Kelley

The Anthropologist : Look at People to Learn

The Experimenter : Prototypes New Ideas

The Cross-Pollinator : Bridges Disciplines & Departments

The Hurdler : Remover of Roadblocks

The Collaborator : Bring Groups Together

The Director : Leadership from the Front

The Experience Architect : Reach Feelings at Latent Level

The Set Designer : Create Enabling Spaces

The Caregiver : Nursing & Healthcare Metaphor

The Storyteller : Compelling Narratives

Experience from Design Research

Contemporary ResearchDesign Research for Business of Design

Personas


Contemporary ResearchDesign Research for Business of Design

Books on Design Thinking for Process Change

DRS

*Tom Kelley

*Nigel Cross

IDEO


*Peter G Rowe*Thomas Lockwood


Explaining Design Thinking

*Nigel Cross

Asking Designers about what they Do

Deconstructing what Designers Do

Watching what Designers Do

Thinking about what Designers Do

The Natural Intelligence of Design

How Designers Think

Designing Together

How Designers Work

Design Expertise


Research into Design ThinkingUnderstanding Design as a Phenomenon

*Bryan Lawson Kees Dorst


Design Council UKPolicy Initiatives for Design in Regional Governance

Design Support for Governance and Services

Design Policy

RED PAPER 01HEALTH:Co-creatingServicesHilary Cottam and Charles Leadbeater

The Design Council has established RED, a new unitchallenging accepted thinking on economic and socialissues through design innovation.We run rapid live projects in order to develop new thinkingand practical design solutions in the form of systems,services and products. Our team is inter-disciplinaryincluding designers, policy analysts and sector experts. Our approach is human centred, involving users, businessand service providers in the design process. RED papers will explore a wide range of issues that make a link to ourpractice.www.designcouncil.org.uk/RED This paper looks at the new challenges facing publicservices, taking health as a case study. Chronic disease

presents a new and growing health challenge.This paperargues that reform to the health services currently onoffer cannot address either the management of chronicdiseases or the broader lifestyle issues that might promotebetter health.We argue for a new approach which we callco-creation since a set of new relationships between users,workers and professionals lies at its heart.We set out thismodel. Many of the seeds of this new approach can befound within the current system. Communities of the kindwe envisage are well developed in software and other elds.We suggest ways in which we could build on these opensystems to foster a new form of co-created public service.Our ideas should be considered as work in progress: wehope to develop our model further as we test our approachin practice with partners in Kent and Bolton.

RE

D PA

PE

R 01

HE

ALT

H: C

o-cre

ating S

ervice

sH

ilary Co

ttam and

Charles Lead

beater

Hilary Cottam is a Director of the Design Council and leads the REDteam. Previous projects include a radical re-think of the prison systemand a new approach to designing schools. Prior to joining the DesignCouncil Hilary set up two companies and worked for the World Bank.

Charles Leadbeater is an independent author and public policyadviser and a RED Associate, who has written widely on innovationwithin public services. His pamphlets Personalisation ThroughParticipation and The Pro-Am Revolution are published by Demos.

The Design Council enhances prosperity and well-being in the UK bycampaigning for the best use of design in business and the public sector.

We are champions for the benefits of design.

Design Council34 Bow StreetLondon WC2E 7DLUnited Kingdom

Phone +44 (0)20 7420 5200Email [email protected]

November 2004Charity number 272099

ISBN 1-904335-11-X

RED cover 12/11/04 12:49 pm Page 1

wouldn t it be great if...

dott7o

Food / Introduction

Food: the ultimate design challenge?Food is a crucial energy challenge. For a Northern city such as Toronto, 30% or more of its ecological footprint can be traced to its food systems22. From farm to plate, depending on the degree to which it has been processed, a typical food item may embody input energy between four and more than 100 times the food energy that enters our bodies23.

Food for thoughtGlobal food systems are not sustainable. Industrialised food can consume over 100 times more energy in production and distribution than enters our bodies as nutrition. In developed countries, the food consumption of a single family generates eight tonnes of CO2 emissions a year24. This madness is enabled by non-renewable fossil fuel. But what to do?

Over the past 10 years, the growing number of food miles and escalating CO2 emissions from the

transportation of foods alone have fuelled greater demand for locally grown food. But, for many of us who live in cities, the separation between city and country has seemed to be an obstacle to local food production.

Some planners and architects have responded by discussing new ways to grow food in cities in what they call continuous productive urban landscapes, building on existing resources such as the UKs 59 city farms, nearly 1,000 community gardens and 66 school farms. The focus of the Dott 07 food projects was

to re-frame food systems as design opportunities, and to consider what design steps we might take to make it easier for city dwellers to grow their own fruit and vegetables.

The Urban Farming project in Middlesbrough brought together more than 1,000 citizens or New Urban Farmers to grow food in small, medium and large containers all over town.

Vital Signs / Introduction

Vital Signs:when would our region be sustainable?How will we know when our region is sustainable? And how do we get from here, to there? The answers to these questions vary wildly. Vague promises to use as few natural resources as possible, reduce waste to a minimum or deliver the greenest Olympics planned so far dont mean very much. As a target, increasingly sustainable is a cop-out. We need to know how much things need to change, and by when. Four Dott 07 projects, grouped

together as Vital Signs, approached this challenging question in different ways. Our Planet Tonight, and Thinglink, helped people to connect

the small actions they might take as

individuals to the bigger picture of why and how climate change is happening.

Two other Dott 07 projects, Landscape/Portrait and Town Crying, gave a face and voice to citizens who would otherwise be invisible statistics in planning and designing.

dott7o

Energy / Introduction

Energy: a new approach

Can the North East do for energy what Stephensons Rocket did for transportation?

Each day, we all

contribute to climate

change through

energy-dependent

activities such as

driving, heating or

cooling our homes,

taking flights, disposing of waste

and eating

Energy is a fundamental requirement

of modern life. We rely on it to provide

heat and light, to cook, communicate,

move around and make things.

Producing the energy required for

these activities means burning fossil

fuels oil, coal and gas. This leads

to an accumulation of greenhouse

gases in the atmosphere, a process

that slowly heats up the planet and

leads to global warming. More and

more people, aware of the dangers of

climate change, want to take action.

Renewable energy technologies

are becoming more important at a

local, national and global level. Most

renewable energy comes from the heat

and light of the sun (wind, solar, wave,

biomass). Other renewable energy

comes from the gravitational pull of

the moon (lunar power) and the sun

on the oceans (tidal) and from the

hot rocks found deep within the earth

(geothermal). The primary advantage

of renewable energy is that it does not

produce the gases that are associated

with climate change. And renewable

forms of energy will not run out.

What is the North East

doing for energy?

The North East has important

market-leading expertise in a variety

of new and renewable energy

solutions. The regions wind- and

sea-based energy systems are

developed at Blyths Centre for New

and Renewable Energy. A variety of

land-based energy systems hydro,

solar, biomass and wind micro-

generation are also being developed.

Fuel cells are being developed at

the Centre for Process Innovation,

biomass systems at Cockle Farm,

and next-generation photovoltaics

at Durham University. In the public

domain, a 20million project called

dott7o

DOTT07

*Hilary Cottam

*John Thackara

RED

* Design Thought Leaders

Public Private Partnerships


Design Council WalesPolicy Initiatives for Design Support and Governance

Design Support for Industry and Services

Design Policy

SEE Policy Booklet 1

November2009

SEE Policy Booklet01

IntegratingDesignIntoRegionalInnovationPolicy.


May2010


RealisingSustainabilityand InnovationthroughDesign.Making it Happen in Communities, Industry, Public Sector and Policy-Making


June2011


Bringing Innovative Ideas to Market using Design

Issue 1 August 2009

SHARING EXPERIENCE EUROPE POLICY INNOVATION DESIGN

edItorIAl

reseArch Developing an International Design Scoreboard Dr James Moultrie

IntervIewsMika Takagi Design Policy Office, Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry (Japan)Dr Julio Frias Pea Design & Innovation Centre, Monterrey Institute of Technology (Mexico)

PolIcy In PrActIceFuture EU Innovation Policy: An Opportunity for Design

sPecIAl rePortSEE Study Visit to Helsinki

cAse studIesDesign 2005! (Finland)The Design Ladder (Denmark)

see lIbrAry

Issue 2 January 2010

SHARING EXPERIENCE EUROPE POLICY INNOVATION DESIGN

edItorIal

research Aspects of Design Policy in History Professor John Heskett IntervIews

Design Policy & Promotion Programme MapArgentina, Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, Iceland & QatarPolIcy In PractIceFrom 2009 to 2010: EU & Regional Design Policy DevelopmentsDesign Thinking for Modernising Policy-Making Examples from Denmark & USA

case studIesGood Design Selection (Korea)Better by Design (New Zealand)

Issue 3 May 2010 SHARING EXPERIENCE EUROPE

POLICY INNOVATION DESIGN

eDITORIALReseARCHDesign for Social Innovation: Creative Communities and

Design-Oriented Networks Ezio Manzini

INTeRVIeWsDesign Policy and Promotion Map

Botswana, Brazil, Kenya, Latvia and Poland

sPeCIAL RePORT7th European Conference on Design Promotion

CAse sTuDIesEcolizer 2.0 (Belgium)Innovation by Design (Ireland)

see LIBRARY

Issue 6 June 2011 SHARING EXPERIENCE EUROPE

POLICY INNOVATION DESIGN

eDITORIALReseARCHHow policies matter to design Dr Qian Sun

INTeRVIeWsDesign Policy and Promotion Map

Estonia, Finland, Italy, South Korea

sPeCIAL RePORT

SEE Projects Policy, Innovation and Design Conference

Dublins Bid For World Design Capital 2014

CAse sTuDIes

Design and Business Concepts that Merge

(Buenos Aires, Argentina)

The Service Design Programme: Moving from products to

services (Wales, UK)

see LeGACY



North Zone South Zone East Zone

Design Education for India

Design Concepts & Concerns 2010 NID

What the Vision Document Will be

From a political perspective it is a manifesto for implementing public policies for improving quality of life through invention, innovation and design.

From an academic perspective it is a broad framework for compiling research, learning and action resources.

From the perspective of propective students and their parents a vision document will inspire them with a sense of purpose for finding meaningful and gainful employment that connects their individual career pursuits with national / global and humanitarian goals.

From the perspective of the administration a vision document will become a template for monitoring the institutes evolving progress against national goals and priorities and assign available resources for building specific competencies that meet the needs of the time.

Finally, the vision document is meant to be about people of India to articulate the nature of design expertise & education that addresses the emerging needs and aspirations of the citizen by facilitating a connect between localised innovation and insights in form of informed choices, solutions and enterprise.

in conclusion...seeking a neW start

A Request for Proposal has already been floated, to invite consulting organizations to bid for finalisation of the model for setting up campuses for four new NIDs. While It does ask some relevant questions about possible financial, technical, academic and adminstrative models for the new institutions, the emphasis on stringent financial and architectural experience requirements on the potential consultants confuses the issue and becomes a barrier. The process may exclude new and innovative ways to imagine new institutions and government may commit to building infrastructure for a pre-supposed form of a school, both in building and content that is actually in desperate need for re-imagination.

It is our contention that if we proceed along that path, we will be training designers in an old paradigm of design, for an image of India that is rapidly fading, in campuses that are not listening to the beat of the nation.

Design was understood as an essential building block in the development of a newly independent nation, therefore the first NID had the commitment at the highest level from the Prime Minister of India.

We feel it is once again time to harness the power of design in the service of a rapidly growing nation, towards which we need an updated commitment from the highest level of the government. We need to readjust our dream for India and for India's role in service of humanity. That is our new tryst with destiny.

core group Vision First Initiative

RashmI KoRjan Design Educator and Partner Studio Korjan

Uday dandaVate Co-Founder, SonicRim Global Design Research and Commentator on Change

mP Ranjan Design Thinker and Author of Blog www.designforindia.com

s. sUndaR Managing Director Dovetail Furniture Pvt. Ltd. President, ADI (Association of Designers of India) Invitee Member India Design Council

jatIn Bhatt Director EduSign Consulting Pvt Ltd.

jogI Panghaal Design Thinker & Educator Associate, Doors of Perception Foundation

ashIsh deshPande Founder Director & Principal Designer Elephant Strategy + Design

amIt KRIshn gUlatI Director, Incubis Consultants (India) PL Design Consultant and Educator Member, CII National Committee on Design

Poonam BIR KastURI Compostwali Founder, Daily Dump

dInesh KoRjan Design Educator and Partner Studio Korjan Moderator, alumNID (NID alumni discussion group)

VIsIoN FIRsT is an initiative to

create a perspective on creating design

competencies in India and maybe,

elsewhere. The idea is to tap the

collective wisdom of the vibrant design

community and other stakeholders of

design in the country and co-create a

vision for further actions whether it

is the setting up of new institutions or

taking design to those areas where it

has never been before.

www.visionfirst.in


Octopus Card: Hong KongMicro payment system for city services

Design for Public Good

ServiceDesign



Design for Wicked ProblemsGovernment and Civil Society Participation

Horn of Africa 2011

DisastersDrought & Famine...TsunamiFloodsEarthquakePoverty...

ComplexLocalVarietyChaoticHumanitarian

pictures courtesyThe Economist

SomaliaEthiopiaKenya



Key Concepts: Design for public goodStrategies and Approaches

Design Processes

PublicServiceDesign

Co-creation

Mapping & Modelling

Ethnographic Research

Aspirations & NeedsDesign Thinking

VisualisationUser Centered Design

Experience Design

Participatory Processes

Understanding Context

Design SynthesisInterface Design

Interaction Design

Paper Prototyping

Flow Charts

Opportunity Mapping

ObservationUser Trips

Testing & Validation

Science FactsImagination & Creativity

Innovation

Political Choices

Exploration

Brainstorming

Anticipation & InvestentIncubation

Design Support


Resources for Design LearningINDEX PAGE

The Design Way

IDEO Cards

Design Process Models

Systems Intelligence

Wicked Problems Intro

Design Introduction

DeMystifying Design

Documents

Transcript of DeMystifying Design