DEMOGRAPHY OF INDIA Sources: 1 Census of India … ETH tudio Basel LONDON BERLIN NEW YORK...
2
DRAFT © ETH Studio Basel DELHI Metropolitan Region Delhi 9 879 172 pers. (2001) 11 954 217 pers. (2008 est.) MUMBAI Metropolitan Region Maharashtra 11 978 450 pers. (2001) 13 662 885 pers. (2008 est.) KOLKATA Metropolitan Region West Bengal 4 572 876 pers. (2001) 5 021 458 pers. (2008 est.) BANGLORE Metropolitan Region Karnataka 4 301 326 pers. (2001) 5 180 533 pers. (2008 est.) 250 500 1000 2000 100 POPULATION DENSITY [per/km2] AND CITIES OVER ONE MILLION [pers.] 1,3,4 © 2008 5 15 25 35 DECADAL GROWTH RATE [%] 1,2 © 2008 Bihar 8.07 % Uttar Pradesh 16.17 % Maharashtra 9.42 % West Bengal 7.81 % Andhra Pradesh 7.37 % Tamil Nadu 6.05 % Madhya Pradesh 5.88 % Rajasthan 5.50 % Karnataka 5.14 % Gujarat 4.93 % Orissa 3.57 % Kerala 3.10 % Jharkhand 2.62 % Assam 2.59 % Punjab 2.37 % Haryana 2.05 % Chhatisgarh 2.03 % Delhi 1.34 % Jammu & Kashmir 0.98 % Uttaranchal 0.83 % Himachal Pradesh 0.59 % Tripura 0.31 % Manipur 0.23 % Nagaland 0.19 % Pondicherry 0.09 % Chandigarh 0.09 % Mizoram 0.09 % Sikkim 0.05 % Andaman & Nicobar Isl. 0.03 % Dadra & Nagar Haveli 0.02 % Meghalaya 0.22 % Daman & Diu 0.02 % Lakshadweep 0.01 % HINDUS 20.3 % MUSLIMS 29.5 % CHRISTIANS 22.6 % SIKHS 18.2 % BUDDHISTS 24.5 % JAINS 26.0 % OTHER 103.1 % HINDUS 75.5 MUSLIMS 60.0 CHRISTIANS 90.3 SIKHS 70.4 BUDDHISTS 73.0 JAINS 95.0 OTHER 50.0 HINDUS 40.4 MUSLIMS 31.3 CHRISTIANS 39.7 SIKHS 37.7 BUDDHISTS 40.6 JAINS 32.9 OTHER 48.4 ETHNIC GROUPS/ OFFICIAL MAIN LANGUAGES [% India] 1,6,7 © 2008 HINDI DIALIECTS 41.03% KASHMIRI 0.54% PUNJABI 2.83% GUJARATI 4.48% MAHARATI 6.99% TELEGU 7.37% KANNADA 3.69% MALAYALAM 3.21% TAMALI TAMIL 5.91% KONKANI 0.24% ORIYA 3.21% BENGALI BENGALI 8.11% TAMIL 5.91% KHASI & GARO MIZO MANIPURI 0.14% AO ENGLISH MISSI & DAFFLA ENGLISH ASSAMESE ASSAMESE 1.28% BODO 0.13% NICOBARESE 60 70 80 90 100 50 40 LITERACY RATE [%] 1,2 © 2008 7 9 11 13 16 5 PER CAPITA INCOME [Rupees] 1,2,5 © 2008 MAIN RELIGIONS 1,10 © 2008 URDU 5.01% MAITHILI 1.18% SANTALI 0.63% NEPALI 0.28% SINDHI 0.25% DONGRI 0.22% SANSKRIT N ETHNICITY AND/ OR LANGUAGE INDO-ARAYAN LANGUAGES IRANIAN LANGUAGES DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES AUSTRO-ASIATIC LANGUAGES TIBETO-BURMAN LANGUAGES HINDUS 80.5 % MUSLIMS 13.4 % CHRISTIANS 2.3 % SIKHS 1.9 % BUDDHISTS 0.8 % JAINS 0.4 % OTHER 0.7 % BIHAR GUJARAT ANDHRA PRADESH ASSAM HARYANA KARNATAKA KERALA TAMIL NADU GOA MAHARASHTRA RAJASTHAN PUNJAB MADHYA PRADESH HIMACHAL PRADESH UTTARANCHAL UTTAR PRADESH JHARKHAND DELHI CHHATTISGARH ORISSA WEST BENGAL PAKISTAN CHINA (TIBET) NEPAL BANGLADESH SIKKIM BHUTAN ARUNACHAL PRADESH MEGHALAYA MIZORAM TRIPURA MANIPUR NAGALAND JAMMU & KASHMIR BAHRAIN KUWAIT OMAN SAUDI ARABIA UAE SINGAPORE GREAT BRITAIN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CANADA 5 10 DOMINANT TRENDS AND 4 © 2008 INTERNAL MIGRATION [%/state] 87 LANGUAGES IN NEWSPAPERS 71 LANGUAGES IN RADIOS POPULATION BY STATE/ UNION TERRITORY 1 © 2008 22 LANGUAGES IN RECOGNITION 58 LANGUAGES IN SCHOOLS 15 LANGUAGES IN MOVIES CHRISTIANS CHRISTIANS MUSLIMS MUSLIMS SIKHS CHRISTIANS BUDDHISTS MUSLIMS MUSLIMS HINDI 8,9,11 © 2008 30 31 DEMOGRAPHY OF INDIA _Lukas Pauer Today, one of the main political issues in Indian politics is connected to the language diversity. The central government decided to allow the state governments to pick their official languages and recognized constitutionally other languages of India. For now, the Indian constitution and its 28 states recognizes 18 Indian languages, though different states have different official languages and some of them not recognized by the central government. Only English and Hindi have official status in all states. PRECOLONIAL: RELIGION Before the British, the most dominant Empire of north India (Hind/ Hindustan) was the Moghul Empire, whose Hindi/Hindustani lan- guage and script were based on the ancient Indian Sanskrit language (Devanagiri script). Based on Hindi, Arabic and Persian, Urdu (Perso-Arabic script) became the language of the Muslims and was used for official purposes under the British aswell. COLONIAL: BUREACRACY AND POLITICAL INSTRUMENTARY Before independence, the Muslims supported the continuation of Urdu (Perso-Arabic script) as the official language of India, while the Hindus supported Hindi - even those who didn‘t speak it as a native language. In order to secure Hindi’s position as the sole official language of India the political leaders convinced the north Indians to claim that they speak a Hindi dialect and so different dialect speakers were put together in the Hindi speaking category by the British bureaucrats. India is called Hind in many languages and the Indians also began calling their different languages as Hindi. POSTCOLONIAL: TRIBAL INTERPRETATION After independence, Muslim Pakistan made Urdu its official language and Indians made Hindi as their official language, but different Hindi language speakers began demanding official recognition of their languages. Most Hindi languages are considered dialects and their status is interpreted differently. Only Punjabi has achieved recognition as an official language. Sources: 1 Census of India 2001, Registrar General & Census Commissioner (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/). 2 Census GIS India 2001, Census of India 2001 (http://www.censusindiamaps. net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm). 3 Burdett, Ricky/ Sudjic, Deyan (2008): The Endless City. The Urban Age Project by the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society. Phaidon Press, London. 4 Srivastava, Ravi/ Sasikumar, S.K. (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues. Development and Pro-Poor Policy Choices in Asia, Dhaka. 5 Compare Infobase Limited: Maps of India 2008, Per Capita Income of States (2005-06). 6 Compare Infobase Limited: Maps of India 2008, Indian Languages (2001-02). 7 Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1992): A Historical Atlas of South Asia (Reference Series/ The Association for Asian Studies). Oxford University Press, New York. 8 http://www.indiansaga.com/ languages/, download: 10. October 2008. 9 Brass, Paul R. (1994): The Politics of India since Independence (The New Cambridge History of India). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 10 Compare Infobase Limited: Maps of India 2008, Religions in India (2001-02). 11 Flickr Internet research, October 2008. DEMOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Transcript of DEMOGRAPHY OF INDIA Sources: 1 Census of India … ETH tudio Basel LONDON BERLIN NEW YORK...
DRAFT© ETH Studio Basel
ShanghaiDELHI Metropolitan RegionDelhi
9 879 172 pers. (2001)11 954 217 pers. (2008 est.)
MUMBAI Metropolitan RegionMaharashtra
11 978 450 pers. (2001)13 662 885 pers. (2008 est.)
KOLKATA Metropolitan RegionWest Bengal
4 572 876 pers. (2001)5 021 458 pers. (2008 est.)
BANGLORE Metropolitan RegionKarnataka
4 301 326 pers. (2001)5 180 533 pers. (2008 est.)
250
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N D
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SIT
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[pers.] 1,3,4 ©
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] 1,2 © 2008
Bihar8.07 %
Uttar Pradesh16.17 %
Maharashtra9.42 %
West Bengal7.81 %
Andhra Pradesh7.37 %
Tamil Nadu6.05 %
Madhya Pradesh5.88 %
Rajasthan5.50 %
Karnataka5.14 %
Gujarat4.93 %
Orissa3.57 %
Kerala3.10 %
Jharkhand2.62 %
Assam2.59 %
Punjab2.37 %
Haryana2.05 %
Chhatisgarh2.03 %
Delhi1.34 %
Jammu & Kashmir0.98 %
Uttaranchal0.83 %
Himachal Pradesh0.59 %
Tripura0.31 %
Manipur0.23 %
Nagaland0.19 %
Pondicherry0.09 %
Chandigarh0.09 %
Mizoram0.09 %Sikkim0.05 %
Andaman & Nicobar Isl.0.03 %
Dadra & Nagar Haveli0.02 %
Meghalaya0.22 %
Daman & Diu0.02 %
Lakshadweep0.01 %
HINDUS20.3 %
MUSLIMS29.5 %
CHRISTIANS22.6 %
SIKHS18.2 %
BUDDHISTS24.5 %JAINS
26.0 %OTHER
103.1 %
HINDUS75.5
MUSLIMS60.0
CHRISTIANS90.3
SIKHS70.4
BUDDHISTS73.0
JAINS95.0
OTHER50.0
HINDUS40.4
MUSLIMS31.3
CHRISTIANS39.7
SIKHS37.7
BUDDHISTS40.6
JAINS32.9
OTHER48.4
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HINDIDIALIECTS 41.03%
KASHMIRI0.54%
PUNJABI2.83%
GUJARATI4.48%
MAHARATI6.99%
TELEGU7.37%KANNADA
3.69%
MALAYALAM3.21%
TAMALITAMIL 5.91%
KONKANI0.24%
ORIYA3.21%
BENGALIBENGALI 8.11%TAMIL 5.91%
KHASI &GARO
MIZO
MANIPURI0.14%
AOENGLISH
MISSI & DAFFLAENGLISH
ASSAMESEASSAMESE 1.28%BODO 0.13%
NICOBARESE
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URDU5.01%
MAITHILI1.18%
SANTALI0.63%
NEPALI0.28%
SINDHI0.25%
DONGRI0.22% SANSKRIT
N
ETHNICITY AND/ ORLANGUAGE
INDO-ARAYAN LANGUAGES
IRANIAN LANGUAGES
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
AUSTRO-ASIATIC LANGUAGES
TIBETO-BURMAN LANGUAGES
HINDUS80.5 %
MUSLIMS13.4 %
CHRISTIANS2.3 %
SIKHS1.9 %
BUDDHISTS0.8 %JAINS0.4 %
OTHER0.7 %
BIHAR
GUJARAT
ANDHRA PRADESH
ASSAM
HARYANA
KARNATAKA
KERALATAMIL NADU
GOA
MAHARASHTRA
RAJASTHAN
PUNJAB
MADHYA PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
UTTARANCHAL
UTTAR PRADESH
JHARKHAND
DELHI
CHHATTISGARH
ORISSA
WEST BENGAL
PAKISTANCHINA(TIBET)
NEPAL
BANGLADESH
SIKKIMBHUTAN
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
MEGHALAYA
MIZORAMTRIPURA
MANIPUR
NAGALAND
JAMMU & KASHMIR
BAHRAIN
KUWAIT
OMAN
SAUDI ARABIA
UAESINGAPORE
GREAT BRITAIN
UNITED STATESOF AMERICA
CANADA
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10
DO
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AN
T T
RE
ND
S A
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INT
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87LANGUAGES INNEWSPAPERS
71LANGUAGES INRADIOS
PO
PU
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RIT
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22LANGUAGES INRECOGNITION
58LANGUAGES INSCHOOLS
15LANGUAGES INMOVIES
CHRISTIANSCHRISTIANS
MUSLIMS
MUSLIMS
SIKHS
CHRISTIANS
BUDDHISTS
MUSLIMS
MUSLIMS
HINDI
8,9,11 © 2008
30 31
DE
MO
GR
AP
HY
OF IN
DIA
_Lukas Pauer
Today, one of the main political issues in Indian politics is connected to the language diversity. The central government decided to allow the state governments to pick their official languages and recognized constitutionally other languages of India. For now, the Indian constitution and its 28 states recognizes 18 Indian languages, though different states have different official languages and some of them not recognized by the central government. Only English and Hindi have official status in all states.
PRECOLONIAL: RELIGIONBefore the British, the most dominant Empire of north India (Hind/ Hindustan) was the Moghul Empire, whose Hindi/Hindustani lan-guage and script were based on the ancient Indian Sanskrit language (Devanagiri script). Based on Hindi, Arabic and Persian, Urdu (Perso-Arabic script) became the language of the Muslims and was used for official purposes under the British aswell.
COLONIAL: BUREACRACY AND POLITICAL INSTRUMENTARYBefore independence, the Muslims supported the continuation of Urdu (Perso-Arabic script) as the official language of India, while the Hindus supported Hindi - even those who didn‘t speak it as a native language. In order to secure Hindi’s position as the sole official language of India the political leaders convinced the north Indians to claim that they speak a Hindi dialect and so different dialect speakers were put together in the Hindi speaking category by the British bureaucrats. India is called Hind in many languages and the Indians also began calling their different languages as Hindi.
POSTCOLONIAL: TRIBAL INTERPRETATIONAfter independence, Muslim Pakistan made Urdu its official language and Indians made Hindi as their official language, but different Hindi language speakers began demanding official recognition of their languages. Most Hindi languages are considered dialects and their status is interpreted differently. Only Punjabi has achieved recognition as an official language.
Sources: 1 Census of India 2001, Registrar General & Census Commissioner (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/). 2 Census GIS India 2001, Census of India 2001 (http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm). 3 Burdett, Ricky/ Sudjic, Deyan (2008): The Endless City. The Urban Age Project by the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society. Phaidon Press, London. 4 Srivastava, Ravi/ Sasikumar, S.K. (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues. Development and Pro-Poor Policy Choices in Asia, Dhaka. 5 Compare Infobase Limited: Maps of India 2008, Per Capita Income of States (2005-06). 6 Compare Infobase Limited: Maps of India 2008, Indian Languages (2001-02). 7 Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1992): A Historical Atlas of South Asia (Reference Series/ The Association for Asian Studies). Oxford University Press, New York. 8 http://www.indiansaga.com/languages/, download: 10. October 2008. 9 Brass, Paul R. (1994): The Politics of India since Independence (The New Cambridge History of India). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 10 Compare Infobase Limited: Maps of India 2008, Religions in India (2001-02). 11 Flickr Internet research, October 2008.
DEMOGRAPHY OF INDIA
DRAFT© ETH Studio Basel
LONDON
BERLIN
NEW YORK
JOHANNESBURG
MUMBAI
KOLKATA
BANGLORE
DELHI
JOHANNESB.
BERLIN
LONDON
BANGLORE
MUMBAI
DELHI
KOLKATA
NEW YORK
POPULATION [Mio.]
-0.5%
1%
2%
5%
10%
0%
3 5 10 15 2520
JOHANNESBURGBANGALORE
KOLKATA
DELHI
MUMBAI
BERLIN LONDON
NEW YORK
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SOUTH AFRICA
AREA 1.219.912POPULATION 44.82
PROVINCES 9ELECTED OFFICIALS 400/90
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AREA 9.826.630POPULATION 229.40
STATES 50ELECTED OFFICIALS 435/100
EUROPEAN UNION
AREA 4.324.782POPULATION 492.98
COUNTRIES 27ELECTED OFFICIALS 785/345
INDIA
AREA 3.287.590POPULATION 1.131.04
STATES 29ELECTED OFFICIALS 545/250
114
30
37
344
MUMBAI
METROPOLITAN REGION 4.080ADMINISTRATIVE CITY 27.348INNER CITY [10km radius] 34.269PEAK DENSITY 101.066
DELHI
METROPOLITAN REGION 1.227ADMINISTRATIVE CITY 9.340INNER CITY [10km radius] 19.636PEAK DENSITY 96.460
KOLKATA
METROPOLITAN REGION 7.978ADMINISTRATIVE CITY 24.454INNER CITY [10km radius] 20.483PEAK DENSITY 78.355
BANGALORE
METROPOLITAN REGION 1.050ADMINISTRATIVE CITY 19.040INNER CITY [10km radius] 18.225PEAK DENSITY 75.169
NEW YORK
METROPOLITAN REGION 783ADMINISTRATIVE CITY 9.551INNER CITY [10km radius] 15.361PEAK DENSITY 53.000
LONDON
METROPOLITAN REGION 679ADMINISTRATIVE CITY 4.795INNER CITY [10km radius] 7.805PEAK DENSITY 17.200
BERLIN
METROPOLITAN REGION 818ADMINISTRATIVE CITY 3.810INNER CITY [10km radius] 7.124PEAK DENSITY 21.700
JOHANNESBURG
METROPOLITAN REGION 521ADMINISTRATIVE CITY 1.926INNER CITY [10km radius] 2.270PEAK DENSITY 38.500
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COLONIAL DE-URBANISATIONTraditional settlements in the Indian hinterlands shrank, as massive reorganisation of India‘s social space was underway and the ubiquity of the colonial economy under the British was extended.
While urban growth concentrates on the colonial metroples, massive imbalances make chances of employment decrease faster in rural areas than they can rise in urban areas.
1947: INDEPENDENCEThrough massive flow of refugees as well as centralised politics in terms of resources, Delhi reaches over a million inhabitants.
SQUATTER CITY MUMBAI More than 50% of Mumbai‘s
population live in slums, facing virtually unlimited access and
spacial proximity to lowest earning migrants from rural areas
in informal settlements.
In search of excellent infrastructure and exclusive western lifestyles, global players of the Indian urban middle and upper class
aspire socially in a land of economical inconsistencies.
INDIAN PARADOXWhile three of the seven biggest cities by
population are located in India, this doesn‘t suggest a high rate of urbanisation.
On the contrary, while more than 50% of the earth‘s population lives in cities, India‘s
grade of urbanisation is lower than 30% - less than in China and other regions of the
third world. India‘s cities are strong superstructures on a weak fundament.
MUMBA TODAYITransformation of Mumbai‘s daily life through new technologies and the rise of Bal Thackeray‘s Shiv Sena party.
DELHI TODAYTransformation in terms of city planning through reinterpretation of Delhi‘s medieval architectural legacy and a repeated phase of neoliberlism.
KOLKATA TODAYThe Bhadralok middle class elite, once playing a fundamental role in the colonial hierarchy system, has been responsable for today‘s aesthetical and political changebility in an urban middle class perception of space.
1,2,7 © 2006/08 P
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. red]
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1911: COLONIAL CAPITALDelhi displaces the politically unstable Kolkata as the colonial government‘s capital.
HINDUS935
MUSLIMS940
CHRISTIANS1009
SIKHS895
BUDDHISTS955
JAINS940
OTHER100800
850
900
950
1000
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ATIO
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ales] 4,5,6 © 2001/08
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30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
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EUROPEAN UNION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA
AFRICA
INDIA
CHINA
OTHER
201020001990198019701960195019401930
806040200
205020202010200520001995
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MALES
POPULATION DENSITY[pers./km2] 1 © 2008
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50%live in cities on E
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DIA
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biggest cities bypopulation are in
IND
IA
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EARTH POPULATION [%]3 © 2008
TOTAL INDIAN POPULATION
URBAN INDIAN POPULATION
RURAL INDIAN POPULATION
COLONIAL INDUSTRIALISATIONColonial industrialisation concentrates on the two colonial metropoles Kolkata (jute handkerchiefs) and Mumbai (cotton fabrics).
POSTCOLONIAL DEINDUSTRIALISATIONHigh investments of foreign businessmen concentrate on the
western part of India (above all, Mumbai) while social and cultural uprooting, irrationalisation and brutalisation of daily
routines and policitcs lead to spacial dispersal of traditional/ colonial manufacturing.
32 33
DE
MO
GR
AP
HY
OF IN
DIA
_Lukas Pauer
Sources: 1 Rode, Philipp (2008): Integrated City Making. Governance, Planning and Transport. Urban Age Programme, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. 2 Ahuja, Ravi/ Brosius, Christiane (2006): Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata. Annäherung an die Megastädte Indiens. Draupadi Verlag, Heidelberg. 3 Visualizing Economics 2008, % of World Population (last 500 years) (China, ndia, Africa, Latin America, Western Europe, and United States). 4 U.S. Census Bureau 2008, International Data Base (http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/). 5 Census of India 2001, Registrar General & Census Commissioner (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/). 6 Census GIS India 2001, Census of India 2001 (http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm). 7 Burdett, Ricky/ Sudjic, Deyan (2008): The Endless City. The Urban Age Project by the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society. Phaidon Press, London.
DEMOGRAPHY OF INDIA
