Democratic reform and activism

Unit Enduring Understandings2. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th

centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today.

5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems.

Agenda – Warm-up – write a paragraph that explains how industrialization and

capitalism led to the reformists’ ideas and the spread of democracy. Make sure to include at least three different reformists’ ideas in your paragraph. Make a judgment as to which reformist’s ideas you think would best address the issues related to the industrial revolution.

1. Review Democratic Reform and Activism – p 162. Complete British Home Rule p 173. Work on Core Assessment – get computers and do some research

An Age of ReformsMain Idea: The Industrial Revolution led to

economic, social, and political reforms.

Differing Philosophies The Industrial Revolution changed

the structure of society, opening up a gap between rich and poor

New philosophies emerged regarding the role of the government in an industrialized society

Differing Philosophies Laissez-faire thinkers

(Adam Smith) support a free market and oppose government regulation

These ideas are the basis for capitalism

Other thinkers oppose laissez-faire policies and favor government efforts to improve people’s lives

Rise of Socialism Reformers sought the

establishment of a new economic system called socialism

In socialism, the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

Socialists believe the government should actively plan the economy and promote equality between all people

Karl MarxGerman journalist

who introduced the world to a radical type of socialism

Believed that history is controlled by economics and class struggle

The future would lead to communism

Communism Capitalist society would

eventually destroy itself, as the proletariat would revolt

Workers would bring about economic equality for all and a classless society would form with the absence of any government

Private property would cease to exist

Unionization and Reform Workers organize unions

to raise wages and improve conditions

Unions eventually become established and legal

Reform laws are passed in Britain and the United States to limit child labor and set work hours

Reform The abolition movement

helps to end slavery by the end of the 1800s

Free public education for all children

Democratic Reform and ActivismDate Event consequences

1830 Revolution in France

UK parliamentary leaders, afraid of a potential revolt in UK like that in France are motivated to propose a suffrage reform bill

1832 UK Reform Bill Lowered the property restrictions on voting so that the new bourgeosie could vote. It also modernized districts so that more representation in parliament could come from cities.

1837 Victoria becomes Queen

The spread of democracy weakens the monarchy

1838 Chartist Movement’s People’s Charter

Petition called for all men to have right to vote in yearly elections by secret ballot and the end the property requirement to become a Member of Parliament. Was rejected, but was a framework for future democratic reform

1884 Parliament extends vote to rural workers

Regular people wanted the vote so parliament would be responsive to their needs and so that the ills of industrialization could be addressed by law

1903 Emmeline Pankhurst forms Women’s Social & Political Union

This group’s goals were to get voting rights for women and to change the unfair laws that made women second-class citizens. Partial suffrage granted in 1918 and full suffrage 1928

Self-Rule for British ColoniesCauses Actions/ Events Effects

A. Religious and cultural differences b/t mostly Catholic French and mainly English ProtestantsB. Pressures from both groups for greater voice in government

1. Parliament creates Upper Canada and lower Canada in 1791

A. Each province got its own elected assembly with limited powers that temporarily eased tensions until later rebellions led to unification of Canada

A. Many Canadians felt Canada needed a central government to protect against territorial expansion by the US

2. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick join with the Province of Canada to form the Dominion of Canada in 1867

A. Established self-government for Canada within Canada.B. Led to westward expansion and economic development

A. Conflicts b/t Maoris and European settlers over land led the settlers to plead for annexation so they could be protected by British government

3. British annex New Zealand in 1838

A. Maoris negotiated with British government to retain control of their lands in return for acceptance of British RuleB. Settlers became more prosperous by producing wool and agricultural products for export

Self-Rule for British ColoniesCauses Actions/ Events Effects

A. Britain wanted to retain control of Ireland in face of Irish demands for Irish nationalism

4. British Government formally joins Ireland to Britain in the Act of Union of 1800

A. Setback for Irish nationalism

B. Irish reps in ParliamentC. Catholic Emancipation Act

restored rights to CatholicsA. Pressure from English landowners in Ireland

5. During Great Famine, British Government forces Irish peasants to continue paying rent

A. Many Irish lost their land and fell hopelessly into debt

B. Mostly English landowners got rich from high price of food

C. Irish got even more resentful at British rule

D. Millions of Irish emigratedA. Irish frustrations over delay in independence due to WWI B. British reluctance to offer home rule or independence due to fear for Protestants’ safety

6. Irish nationalists rebel in Dublin

A. Britain agreed to home rule for southern Ireland in 1914

B. Continued violence, bitterness and unrest resulting in division of Ireland in 1921