Democratic Institutions. Activities of the State State making War making Protection Extraction...
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Transcript of Democratic Institutions. Activities of the State State making War making Protection Extraction...
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Democratic Institutions
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Activities of the State
• State making
• War making
• Protection
• Extraction
• Adjudication
• Distribution
• Production
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How do democracies do it?
• What institutions perform various activities?
• Is authority dispersed?
• What priorities are assigned?
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What do we expect to find in a Democracy?
• Are these necessary?
• Are these sufficient?
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Limited Government
• Lack of authority
• Institutional competition
• Rights
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Types of Democracy
• Presidential
• Parliamentary
• Semi-Presidential
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Problems with Presidentialism
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Law Adjudicating
• State of nature
• Tribal chief or warlord
• King’s law
• Courts
• Arbitration
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Triadic Dispute Resolution
• If neither party unilaterally impose their will
• Agree on the process
• Agree on the arbitrator
• Agree to abide by the decision
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Types of legal systems
• Common Law
• Civil Law
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Judicial Review
• The power of the Courts to declare national, state and local laws invalid if they violate the Constitution
• The supremacy constitutions when they conflict with central or local laws
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Judicial Review in the US
Marbury v. Madison
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Judicial Review – in comparative perspective
• Belgium• Iran and Pakistan علماء• Australia • Germany• India • Switzerland
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Three Forms of Center-Subsovereign Relations
• Unitary
• Federal
• Confederal
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Military
• Civilian control• Appointed general staff• Apolitical
• “The difference between a democracy and a dictatorship is that in a democracy the President chooses the top generals. In a dictatorship, it is just the opposite.”
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Press
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
“Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers"
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Elections
• Who can vote?
• What are there choices?
• How are these choices determined?
• Does the vote have effect?
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Is competition necessary or a variety of democracy?
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Consociationalism: The Arrangement
• The Arrangement
• When?
• The Rules
• Criticism
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Political Culture
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Why do we vote?
• Affective orientation
• Cognitive orientation
• Evaluational orientation
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Influences on political socialization
• Family• Education / Schools• Peers / Peer groups / Clubs / etc.• Religion / Religious associations• Economic Status / Occupation / Coworkers• Political events• Opinion leaders• Media• Race / gender / demographic traits
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Some socialized values
• Support for key values and shared beliefs
• Support for the political system
• Trust in government decision making
• Confidence in particular institutions
• Participation in the political system
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Social Capital model in Italy
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Elite Theory of Stable Democracy
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Political Culture Reconceived
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Transition vs. Consolidation
• Is political culture needed for democratic transition or just consolidation?