Democracy Under Obama

8/2/2019 Democracy Under Obama

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GCKJN]ONY \JBINY

S@GC] JMOKO

]CXIWOBITOWIJ@ J] ]CW]COW:

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^


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Nor`cfic C`gjwkc`t hjr I`tcr`otij`ob \conc =


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WOMBC JH NJ@WC@W^

^SKKO]Y................................................................................... 3

I@W]JGSNWIJ@........................................................................... 6

^WC\\I@F MONE.......................................................................... 9

^WC\\I@F S\ .............................................................................?3

WAC BJ@F FOKC........................................................................=>

WAC O]OM ^\]I@F.....................................................................=9

\O]WIOB ]CXIWOBITOWIJ@ ..........................................................>9

]CW]COW J] ]COGDS^WKC@W: ..................................................7>


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@JWC^ ........................................................................................79

OMJSW WAC OSWAJ]..................................................................3>

NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@W HJ] I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC..............33


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 3

S\J@ WOEI@F JHHINCi` Do`uory =


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8 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO

NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC

Os pjpubor uprisi`fs sprcog onrjss tac Orom wjrbg i` =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 6

S\J@ WOEI@F JHHINC,\rcsigc`t Morone Jmoko honcg o gou`ti`f orroy jh

iàcritcg hjrcif` pjbiny acogonacso wor j njursc i` Ohfaoìsto`, o gyshu`ntijòbnju`tcrtcrrjrisk port`crsaip wita \oeisto`, o stibb-mbjjgy njìnt i` Iroq, o` ontivc

tarcot hrjk ob-_ocgo i` kubtipbc rcfij`s, o kjrimu`g Isrocbi-\obcstiìo` pconc prjncss,

o njbbisij` njursc wita Iro` j` its ùnbcor prjfrok, o mrjec` rcbotij`saip wita ]ussio,

o`g o mcbbifcrc`t, ùnbcor-orkcg @jrta Ejrco. Hurtacr njkpbinoti`f tais hjrmiggi`f

pinturc wos o scvcrc cnj`jkin nrisis ot ajkc o`g omrjog, tac aorsacst si`nc tac Frcot

Gcprcssij`.

Ih tacsc trjumbcs wcrc `jt c`jufa, o hurtacr hjrcif` pjbiny prjmbck obsj owoitcg tac

`cw prcsigc`ttac scrijusby gokofcg stotc jh S.^. gckjnrony prjkjtij`. My nbjscbyossjnioti`f gckjnrony prjkjtij` wita tac S.^.-bcg i`vosij` jh Iroq o`g ais wor j`

tcrrjrisk, \rcsigc`t Fcjrfc V. Musa frcotby roiscg mut ot tac sokc tikc torìsacg tac

prjbc jh tais issuc. I` oggitij`, ais ogkiìstrotij` aurt Okcrinos sto`gi`f os o fbjmob

sykmjb jh gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats tarjufa its scrijus bcfob omuscs i` tac pursuit

jh tac wor j` tcrrjrisk, cspcniobby ofoi`st gctoi`ccs o`g prisj`crs i` Iroq, Ohfaoìsto`,

o`g Fuo`tòkj Moy. Wc `cfotivc nj`scquc`ncs wcrc koìhjbg4 o` i`tcròtijòb

monebosa ofoi`st gckjnrony prjkjtij` taot i`nbugcg cxtrckcby aifa bcvcbs jh suspinij`

omjut tac gckjnrony ofc`go i` tac Orom wjrbg, o frcotby acifatc`cg rcbunto`nc j` tac

port jh Curjpco` o`g jtacr i`tcròtijòb gckjnrony suppjrtcrs tj mc ossjniotcg wita

I@W]JGSNWIJ@


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S.^. pjbinics o`g prjfroks i` tais orco, o`g o korecg gcnbi`c i` S.^. pumbin suppjrt hjr

gckjnrony prjkjtij` os o prijrity jh S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny.?

Wc sjmcri`f stotc jh gckjnrony i` tac wjrbg hurtacr gorec`cg tais bo`gsnopc hjr tac

i`njki`f Jmoko ogki`istrotij`. Wc kjkc`tuk o`g sc`sc jh jptikisk omjut gckjn-ronys fbjmob hjrtu`cs taot

aog korecg tac corby pjst

Njbg Vor ycors wcrc fj`c

my tac tikc Jmoko mcnokc

prcsigc`t. Wc `ukmcr jh

gckjnronics i` tac wjrbg

aog pbotcoucg mctwcc` =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 9

^WC\\I@F MONE

WAC JMOKO WCOKsct jut o nao`fcg ractjrinob bi`c j` gckjnrony suppjrt rifat

hrjk tac stort, sjhtcì`f tac tj`c o`g kjgihyi`f tac kcssofc. Mjta \rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g^cnrctory jh ^totc Aibbory Nbi`tj` oppcorcg tj purpjscby ovjig rchcrc`ncs tj gckjnrony

suppjrt guri`f tacir rst kj`tas i` pjwcr, o`g tac rcst jh tacir hjrcif` pjbiny tcok

hjbbjwcg suit. \rcsigc`t Jmoko gig `jt kc`tij` prjkjti`f gckjnrony omrjog i` ais

iòufurob oggrcsso saorp nj`trost tj \rcsigc`t Musas scnj`g iòufurob oggrcss, waina

aog prjnboikcg o fbjmob hrccgjk ofc`go hjr tac Sìtcg ^totcs. Nbi`tj` soig bittbc omjut

gckjnrony prjkjtij` i` acr nj`rkotij` acori`fs hjr tac pjsitij` jh scnrctory jh stotc.

Acr ckpaosis j` tac tarcc Gs jh S.^. i`tcròtijòb c`fofckc`tgipbjkony, gchc`sc,

o`g gcvcbjpkc`tnj`spinujusby jkittcg tac pjtc`tiob hjurta G jh gckjnrony.

Vac` Jmoko o`g Nbi`tj` gig mcfi` tj tobe pumbinby omjut tac issuc, hjr cxokpbc i`

Jmokos wigcby `jtcg spccna i` Noirj i` Du`c =


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?< GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


Wc Jmoko tcok oppbicg tais bjwcrcg ractjrinob ckpaosis j` gckjnrony tj tac S.^. kibi-

tory c`fofckc`t i` Ohfao`isto` o`g Iroq. Wcy stjppcg ajbgi`f tacsc nju`trics jut tj tac

wjrbg os `jmbc gckjnrotizi`f kissij`s jr fbjwi`f gckjnrotin sunncss stjrics, i`stcog hj-

nusi`f j` tac kjrc bikitcg fjob jh stomibity o`g jpc`by one`jwbcgfi`f tac bikitotij`s jh

waot kibitory c`gcovjrs aog taus hor onaicvcg. Vac` Ohfao`isto s cbcntij`s i` tac suk-kcr jh =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ??

\rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g ais tcok gig `jt i`tc`g tacir pursuit jh gipbjkotin c`fofckc`t os

o rctrcot hrjk nj`ncr` jvcr gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats sajrtnjki`fs i` suna nju`trics.

Jmoko jniobs orfucg i` privotc taot tac njbg sajubgcr jh tac post aog `jt prjguncg

o`y `jtincombc foi`s hjr gckjnrony i` tacsc nju`trics. Iroìo` pjbitins, hjr cxokpbc, aog

mcnjkc kjrc outajritorio` rotacr tao` bcss sj guri`f tac Musa ycors. Ih tac Sìtcg ^totcswcrc ombc tj jpc` o bi c jh gircnt njkkuìnotij` wita suna bcogcrs, tacy spcnubotcg,

ogkiìstrotij` jniobs kifat cor` frcotcr rcncptivity hjr tjufa kcssofcs j` gckjnrony

o`g auko` rifats o`g cbikiòtc tacsc bcogcrs usc jh o pcrncivcg S.^. tarcot tj dustihy

tacir pjbitinob nronegjw`s. @cvcrtacbcss, tac `cw ckpaosis j` c`fofckc`t gig kco`

tjì`f gjw` jvcrt nritinisks jh tacsc rcfikcs pjbitinob sajrtnjki`fs. Os o rcsubt, sjkc

jmscrvcrs pcrncivcg it os monepcgobi`f j` gckjnrony.

c`sij` mctwcc` c`fofckc`t o`g gckjnrony suppjrt kogc itscbh onutcby hcbt quineby j`

Iro`. Vac` Iro`s gccpby owcg cbcntij`s i` Du`c =


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?= GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


`cw naich cxcnutivc o`g ais tjp hjrcif` pjbiny ogviscrs. Os cvigc`ncg i` ais prcsigc`tiob

nokpoif` o`g i` ais corby trips omrjog os prcsigc`t tj tac Orom wjrbg, urecy, o`g Oh-

rino, \rcsigc`t Jmoko nbcorby rcsjòtcg wita tac i`spirotijòb pjwcr jh gckjnrony o`g

its nc`trobity tj tac Okcrino` pbonc i` tac wjrbg. Yct taot jutbjje wos kixcg wita strj`f

profkotin i`sti`ntso wori`css jh jvcrstotckc`t, o gisi`nbiòtij` tj bcog wita igcjbjfy,o`g tac gcsirc tj sjbvc prjmbcks tarjufa muibgi`f nj`sc`sus rotacr tao` hjstcri`f nj`-

hrj`totij`. O`g Jmoko oppcorcg tj mc cspcniobby gisi`nbi`cg tj put tac Sìtcg ^totcs i`

tac pjsitij` jh ikpjsi`f itscbh pjbitinobby j` jtacr sjnictics, tcbbi`f jtacrs waot tj gj, jr

ossuki`f taot tac Sìtcg ^totcs aos obb tac o`swcrs. Oppbicg tj hjrcif` pjbiny, tais prof-

kotisk o`g wori`css omjut ikpjsitij` oppcorcg tj sjkc jmscrvcrs sikpby os rcobisk. Mut

it wos bcss omjut tac njrc

rcobist tc`ct jh gisnju`ti`f

tac ikpjrto`nc jh gckjnrotin

igcobs vis--vis jtacr i`tcrcststao` omjut `gi`f o gicrc`t,

kjrc ccntivc woy tj pursuc

tajsc igcobso gisti`ntij` tac

`cw prcsigc`t o`g ais tcok

struffbcg tj ortinubotc o`g put

i`tj prontinc.7

Jmokos iìtiob tjp hjrcif`

pjbiny ogviscrs^cnrctory jh^totc Aibbory Nbi`tj`, Xinc \rcsigc`t Djscpa Migc`, cnrctory jh Gchc`sc ]jmcrt Fotcs,

o`g @otijòb ^cnurity Ogviscr Fc`crob Dokcs Dj`cswcrc obb i`nbi`cg tjworg trogitijòb

rcobisk, obtajufa Aibbory Nbi`tj` wos nbcorby wcbb vcrscg i` gckjnrony o`g rifats issucs

o`g i`tcrcstcg i` c`suri`f o pbonc hjr tack i` tac hjrcif` pjbiny ofc`go. Wus, u`biec i`

tac Musa o`g Nbi`tj` ogkiìstrotij`s, gckjnrony prjkjtij` aog `j tjp-bcvcb naokpij`

i` tac Jmoko tcok (suna os ^cnrctory jh ^totc Kogcbci`c Obmrifat o`g @otijòb ^cnurity

Ogviscr O`taj`y Boec guri`f tac Nbi`tj` ycors jr Fcjrfc V. Musa aikscbh guri`f ais

ogkiìstrotij`).

Nritinisk

Os kc`tij`cg, tac Jmoko tcok gig `jt vicw its corby kjvcs os o kodjr rjbbmone jh

gckjnrony suppjrt. ]otacr, ogkiìstrotij` jniobs sow tack os o nao`fc jh tj`c o`g

jh kcssofi`f, o prcbugc tj putti`f i`tj pbonc o kjrc nj`sigcrcg opprjona jvcr tikc.

Wcy gig `jt, hjr cxokpbc, koec borfc-snobc nuts i` S.^. gckjnrony oig jr saorpby nurtoib

c`fofckc`t j` auko` rifats. Yct sjkc jmscrvcrs tjje it os o grokotin gjw`frogi`f jh

gckjnrony o`g sju`gcg tac obork. Ko`y jh tacsc vjincs nokc hrjk tac nj`scrvotivc sigc

Jmoko oppcorcg tj mc cspcniobbygisi`nbi`cg tj put tac Sìtcg ^totcs

i` tac pjsitij` jh ikpjsi`f itscbh

pjbitinobby j` jtacr sjnictics, tcbbi`f

jtacrs waot tj gj, jr ossuki`f taot

tac Sìtcg ^totcs aos obb tac o`swcrs.


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ?>

jh tac oisbc o`g wcrc port jh tac i`itiob portiso` seirkisai`f jvcr Jmokos hjrcif` pjbiny.

Vriti`f hjr Hjx @cws i` ^cptckmcr =


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?7 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


tac cjrt tj bjje i`tj ]ussio` prcsigc`t Xbogikir \uti`s sjub, scc o gckjnrot, o`g

try tj muibg o hric`gby rcbotij`saip wita aik5 tac work tics wita ôugi Oromio o`g

tac jtacr rcprcssivc Fubh kjòrnaics5 tac wigc-ro`fi`f suppjrt hjr Orom outjnrots i`

Cfypt, Djrgo`, Kjrjnnj, o`g cbscwacrc5 tac gibifc`t pursuit jh uschub hric`gsaips wita

gintotjrs i` Eozoeasto`, Szmceisto`, o`g jtacr Nc`trob Osio` nju`trics5 tac njzy ticswita vorijus u`gckjnrotin Ohrino` fjvcr`kc`ts uschub tj tac Sìtcg ^totcs j` jib o`g

nju`tcrtcrrjrisk5 o`g kuna cbsc.

Ot tac sokc tikc, tac cxoffcrotcg òturc jh sjkc nritiqucs gig `jt kco` tacrc wcrc `j

bcfitikotc frju`gs tj wjrry omjut tac Jmoko ogkiìstrotij`s corby njkkitkc`t tj

gckjnrony suppjrt. Nritins wcrc njrrcnt i` pji`ti`f jut taot tac `cw hjrcif` pjbiny tcok

scckcg gctcrki`cg ot tikcs tj ovjig tac tjpin obtjfctacr o`g oppcorcg tj mc u`hokibior

wita tac onnukubotcg bcorì`f omjut tac issuc hrjk post ogkiìstrotij`s. It is `jtombc

i` tais rcforg taot nj`ncr` nokc hrjk kjgcrotc Gckjnrots ontivc i` tac trogitijòbbymiportiso` njkkuìty jh njrc suppjrtcrs jh S.^. gckjnrony prjkjtij`. Hrcg Aiott jh

tac Vosai`ftj` \jst, hjr cxokpbc, orfucg taot guri`f Jmokos rst kj`tas os prcsigc`t,

gckjnrotin obbics hcbt taot ais hjnus wos j` ikprjvi`f rcbotij`s wita outajritorio` pjwcrs,

waibc gckjnrony ontivists hcbt tacrc wos obwoys sjkc prijrity aifacr tao` tacirs.9I`

tac @cw Yjrecr, Fcjrfc \onecr `jtcg taot corby Jmoko pjbiny j` gckjnrony bcg tj tac

pcrncptij` taot tais Ogkiìstrotij` wibb gcvjtc its c`crfy tj rcpoiri`f rcbotij`s wita

hjrcif` fjvcr`kc`ts, o`g wibb `jt rise tack hjr tac soec jh auko` rifats.?


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ?3

^WC\\I@F S\

WAC JMOKO OGKI@I^W]OWIJ@mcfo` tj c`fofc kjrc ontivcby j` gckjnrony

prjkjtij` storti`f i` tac scnj`g aobh jh =


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Wirg, os cvcry S.^. ogki`istrotij` jh tac post scvcrob gcnogcs aos cxpcric`ncg, urfc`t,

u`cxpcntcg cvc`ts i` tac wjrbg, mjta gckjnrotin mrcoegjw`s (biec tac =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ?6

^\COEI@F JSW

\rcsigc`t Jmoko, Noirj S`ivcrsity, Noirj, Cfypt, Du`c 7, =


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\rjgckjnrony Gipbjkony

O scnj`g cbckc`t jh tac i`tc`sicg c`fofckc`t wos o` i`nrcoscg tckpj jh prjgckjnrony

gipbjkony, tac mrcog-o`g-muttcr jh S.^. gckjnrony prjkjtij`, waina tc`gs tj mc

kuna bcss i` tac pumbin cyc tao` spccnacs o`g hjrkob pjbiny stotckc`ts mut ubtikotcbykjrc nj`scquc`tiob. ^una ontij`s c`toib tac hjnuscg oppbinotij` jh o ro`fc jh tjjbs

suna os gipbjkotin nodjbi`f jr ork-twisti`f, aifa-bcvcb nritinisk jr proisc jh hjrcif`

bcogcrs, mcai`g-tac-snc`cs kcgiotij`, tac oppbinotij` jh cnj`jkin norrjts jr stines,

o`g tac ontivotij` jh kubtibotcrob kcnao`iskstj try tj rcvcrsc njups, aobt gckjnrotin

monesbigi`f, rcsjbvc pjbitinob sto`gjs, jr mjbstcr mrcoetarjufas.

Wus, hjr cxokpbc, ohtcr tac njup i` Aj`guros i` Du`c =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ?9

fbjmob prontincs tarjufa tac o`ùob ^totc Gcportkc`t Nju`try ]cpjrts j` Auko` ]ifats

\rontincs. Wc Jmoko tcok obsj i`nrcoscg S.^. c`fofckc`t j` tac kubtibotcrob sigc jh

auko` rifats suppjrt, rcdjiì`f tac S@ Auko` ]ifats Nju`nib o`g wjrei`f witai` taot

i`stitutij` tj try tj fivc it `cw bihc. Jmokos okmossogjr tj tac Sìtcg @otij`s, ûso`

]inc, o`g jtacr kckmcrs jh tac ogkiìstrotij`s S@ tcok aovc mcc` cspcniobby c`fofcgpboycrs i` tac S@ auko` rifats gjkoi`.

$

WAC BJ@F FOKC

O^ WAC JMOKO OGKI@I^W]OWIJ@c`fofcg kjrc ontivcby j` gckjnrony

issucs, sjkc jniobs i` pjsitij`s jh rcspj`simibity hjr tais pjbiny orco mcfo` tobei`fomjut tac ikpjrto`nc jh obsj gcvcbjpi`f waot tacy nobbcg tac bj`f fokc j` gckjnrony

suppjrt. Wcy one`jwbcgfcg tac ikpjrto`nc jh ccntivc c`fofckc`t i` tac goy-tj-

goy nut o`g tarust jh prjgckjnrotin gipbjkonytikcby rcspj`scs hrjk Vaitc Ajusc

o`g ^totc Gcportkc`t mrichcrs tj cvc`ts sifòbi`f gckjnrotin monesbigi`f, aifa-bcvcb

gipbjkotin c`fofckc`t ot ecy pjbitinob du`nturcs, wcbb-nrohtcg sifòbs my okmossogjrs tj

ecy nju`tcrports j` mrcoei`f gckjnrony o`g rifats issucs, o`g sj hjrta. Mut tacy mcbicvcg

taot tac Sìtcg ^totcs njubg i`vcst kjrc i` mjbstcri`f tac pbonc jh gckjnrony suppjrt i`

tac jrkotivc o`g i`stitutijòb hrokcwjres taot u`gcrfirg i`tcròtijòb pjbitins. Frcotcr

ottc`tij` tj tais bj`f-tcrk ospcnt jh i`tcròtijòb gckjnrony suppjrt wjubg, i` tacir

vicw, obif` wita mrjogcr gcì`f vobucs jh Jmokos hjrcif` pjbiny, suna os kubtibotcrobisk

o`g nj`sc`sus muibgi`f. O`g its ckpaosis j` i`gircnt, quictcr kcosurcs rotacr tao` aifa

prjbc fcsturcs wjubg sit wcbb wita tac acifatc`cg sc`sitivitics i` ko`y ports jh tac wjrbg

omjut gckjnrony prjkjtij` os pjbitinob i`tcrvc`tijìsk.

Wc bj`f fokc gig `jt toec saopc os o hjrkobizcg pjbiny bi`c jr si`fbc poneofcit

ckcrfcg picnc my picnc os o bjjsc njbbcntij` jh rcbotcg u`gcrtoei`fs jr iìtiotivcs,

i`nbugi`f4


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=7 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


C`njurofi`f o frcotcr gckjnrony suppjrt rjbc hjr risi`f gckjnronics4 ]cnjfìzi`f tac

frjwi`f i`tcròtijòb wcifat jh ckcrfi`f gckjnrotin pjwcrs suna os Mrozib, I`gio,

I`gj`csio, o`g urecy, tac Jmoko ogkiìstrotij` aos kogc o pji`t jh tryi`f tjstikubotc tac i`tcrcst o`g i`vjbvckc`t jh suna nju`trics i` suppjrti`f gckjnrony

i` tacir jw` rcfij`s o`g fbjmobby. I` ais =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ =3

J\C@ FJXC]@KC@W \O]W@C]^AI\

Wac Jpc` Fjvcr`kc`t \ort`crsaip (JF\), bou`nacg i` ^cptckmcr =


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u`gcr tac S@ Nj`vc`tij` Ofoi`st Njrruptij` o`g wos j`c jh tac rst nju`trics

tj sumkit itscbh hjr rcvicw. Wc ogkiìstrotij` aos obsj suppjrtcg kubtibotcrob

iìtiotivcs tj acbp rcnjvcr stjbc` pumbin hu`gs o`g bcfisbotij` tj rcquirc S.^.

kiì`f o`g c`crfy njrpjrotij`s tj rcpjrt poykc`ts tj hjrcif` fjvcr`kc`ts.?6

]chjrki`f tac Njkkuìty jh Gckjnronics4 j mrjogc` tac i`tcròtijòb nj`sc`sus

orju`g gckjnrotin `jrks, tac Jmoko ogkiìstrotij` aos obsj suppjrtcg cjrts

tj rci`vifjrotc o` cxisti`f hjruk4 tac Njkkuìty jh Gckjnronics, iìtiobby

cstombisacg i` =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ =6

gcvcbjpkc`t i` tac mcbich taot gckjnrony suppjrt wibb fct o mcttcr acori`f omrjog

ih it is ticg tj tac fjob jh o mcttcr bihc hjr pjjr pcjpbc. Wc =


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ûstoiòmibity is obsj o sifìno`t naobbc`fc hjr waot sj hor orc borfcby c`tausiosks jh sjkc

nurrc`t pjbitinob oppji`tccs. I`stitutijòbizi`f tacsc igcos wibb taus mc aorg fivc` tac

offrovotcg pjborizotij` i` Vosai`ftj`, o`g cvc` kjrc sj i` o pcrijg oacog biecby korecg

my rcguntij`s i` jpcroti`f mugfcts o`g o tjufa pori`f jh prijritics. S`gcrsto`gomby

c`jufa, tacsc iìtiotivcs rccnt ecy cbckc`ts jh tac wjrbgvicw jh tac nurrc`t tcok,cspcniobby its ckpaosis j` kubtibotcrobisk. Yct nc`trob tj ckmcggi`f suna iìtiotivcs i` tac

pjbiny murcounrony sj tacy bost tarjufa sunncssivc ogkiìstrotij`sos cxckpbicg my tac

`jtombc bj`fcvity jh tac @otijòb C`gjwkc`t hjr Gckjnronyis hubb muy-i` my scìjr

]cpumbino`s os wcbb os Gckjnrots.


30/58

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ =9

WAC O]OM ^\]I@F

OHWC] JMOKO WJJE JHHINC, sjkc gckjnrony prjkjtij` prjpj`c`ts i`

Vosai`ftj` ajpcg ac kifat koec Kiggbc Cost gckjnrony o prijrity. Vita ais pjtc`tioboppcob tj ko`y Oroms, fivc` ais pcrsj`ob monefrju`g o`g ais corby jppjsitij` tj tac Iroq

wor, Jmoko scckcg tj aovc o prjkisi`f mosc hrjk waina tj try tj rcmuibg tac ckpaosis

j` Orom gckjnrony taot Musa aog uschubby i`itiotcg mut tac` kuggicg sj tajrjufaby.

Mut ohtcr Jmoko roiscg tac issuc i` ais Du`c =


31/58


32/58

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >?

Ckmroni`f Nao`fc

Wc rcsubt jh tacsc voricg i`tcrcsts aos mcc` o pjbiny jh givcrfc`t ports. Wc ogkiìstrotij`

aos ckmroncg kjvckc`t owoy hrjk outajritorioìsk wacrc it aos jnnurrcg, usuobby

(tajufa `jt obwoys) i` o noutijus, i`nrckc`tob woy. Wc Sìtcg ^totcs aog `j ontivc rjbci` tac njbbopsc jh Mc` Obis prcsigc`ny i` uìsio, fivc` mjta tac spccg jh tac nao`fc

tacrc o`g tac rcbotivcby bjw S.^. gipbjkotin prjbc i` tac nju`try. I` tac pjstMc` Obi

pcrijg, tac ogkiìstrotij` aos spjec` jut i` hovjr jh o gckjnrotin tro`sitij` o`g hu`gcg

prjfroks tj suppjrt it, i`nbugi`f ossisto`nc hjr cbcntij`s ogkiìstrotij`, nivin cgunotij`,

o`g pjbitinob porty gcvcbjpkc`t. It proiscg uìsios Jntjmcr =


33/58

>= GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


nivibio` rubc. Wc suppjrt aos mcc` hoirby nj`sistc`t mut vcry kuna witai` ncrtoi`

mju`gs. Wc ogkiìstrotij` aos borfcby toec` tac ^NOH ot its wjrg o`g nj`tiùcs tj

vjinc tac mcbich mjta i` privotc o`g i` pumbin taot Cfypts kibitory bcogcrs orc si`ncrc

i` tacir njkkitkc`t tj jvcrscc o gckjnrotin tro`sitij`. Ohtcr o` jutmrcoe jh rc`cwcg

prjtcsts o`g o vijbc`t rcspj`sc my Cfyptio` scnurity hjrncs i` @jvckmcr bcg tj tacgcotas jh scvcrob gjzc` pcrsj`s, tac ogkiìstrotij` gig saorpc` its bo`fuofc, wita tac

Vaitc Ajusc prcss scnrctory stoti`f j` @jvckmcr =3 taot tac Sìtcg ^totcs strj`fby

mcbicvcs taot tac `cw Cfyptio` fjvcr`kc`t kust mc ckpjwcrcg wita rcob outajrity

ikkcgiotcby. Mut tac ogkiìstrotij` aos `jt rotnactcg up prcssurc j` tac ^NOH i`

kjrc sumsto`tivc woys (suna os my qucstijì`f S.^. oig tj tac kibitory) i` rcspj`sc tj its

hrcquc`t pjbitinob hjjt-groffi`f o`g its nbcor i`tc`tij`s tj fuoro`tcc its prcrjfotivcs i`

o`y huturc rcfikc.

^jj` ohtcr Kumoroes gcporturc tac ogkiìstrotij` kogc $83 kibbij` jh rcprjfrokkcgossisto`nc ovoibombc tj suppjrt o gckjnrotin tro`sitij`.>?

Wc Jmoko tcoks kjst gcnisivc suppjrt hjr tac u`hjbgi`f wovc jh pjbitinob nao`fc i` tac

rcfij` nokc i` Bimyo. Ohtcr o` iìtiob rcbunto`nc tj i`tcrvc`c i` Bimyos suggc` nivib wor,

Jmoko nao`fcg tone i` Korna wac` tac Orom Bcofuc o`g Fubh Njjpcrotij` Nju`nib

(FNN) os wcbb os Curjpco`

obbics urfcg o `j-y zj`c

o`g it bjjecg os tajufa

Kuokkor _oggo wos

pjiscg tj nrusa tac rcmcb

strj`fajbg i` Mc`faozi.Nj`vi`ncg taot o `j-y

zj`c wos i`sunic`t, tac

ogkiìstrotij` suppjrtcg

S@ ^cnurity Nju`nib ]csjbutij` ?96>, waina outajrizcg tac usc jh hjrnc tj prjtcnt

nivibio`s. It pboycg o ecy rjbc i` tac @OJ i`tcrvc`tij` waina, jvcr tac njursc jh tac

`cxt scvc` kj`tas, nj`trimutcg sifìno`tby tj tac cvc`tuob rcmcb vintjry. Guri`f taot

nokpoif`, tac S.^. kibitory bcg cjrts tj gcstrjy Bimyo` oir gchc`scs o`g prjvigcg tac

kodjrity jh survcibbo`nc o`g rchucbi`f suppjrt tj @OJ, i` oggitij` tj bou`nai`f `corby

7=O`g j`nc _oggo wos rjutcg, scìjr S.^. jniobs trovcbcg tj ripjbio`g pbcgfcg gipbjkotin o`g tcnaìnob suppjrt tj tac @otijòb ro`sitijòb Nju`nib i` tac

Wac Jmoko tcoks kjst gcnisivc

suppjrt hjr tac u`hjbgi`f wovc jh

pjbitinob nao`fc i` tac rcfij` nokc

i` Bimyo.


34/58

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >>

ajpc jh acbpi`f it nj`sjbigotc its ajbg j` tac nju`try o`g put tjfctacr o hcosimbc pbo` hjr

muibgi`f o gckjnrotin systck.

I` ^yrio o`g Yckc`, tac ogkiìstrotij` obsj sjufat tj mone tac hjrncs jh nao`fc, obtajufa

wita sjkc acsitotij` i` ^yrio o`g trcpigotij` i` Yckc`. Vac` gckj`strotij`s rstnronecg tac hrjzc` surhonc jh ^yrio` pjbitins i` Korna, tac Jmoko tcok bct jut kixcg

sifòbs. Wc ogkiìstrotij` gig nritinizc ^yrio` \rcsigc`t Mosaor ob-Ossogs rcprcssivc

rcspj`sc. Mut it stibb nbu`f tj tac igco taot Ossog kifat povc tac woy hjr pconchub nao`fc,

wita Nbi`tj` i` Korna growi`f o gisti ntij` mctwcc` Ossog o`g _oggo o`g `jti`f taot

ko`y pcjpbc mcbicvc Ossog is o rchjrkcr.>>Wis rccntcg tac vicw jh sjkc i` tac Jmoko

tcok taot o njbbopsc jh Ossogs rubc kifat rckjvc o pjtc`tiob pconc port`cr hjr Isrocb o`g

bcog tj go`fcrjus naojs nbjsc tj mjta Iroq o`g Isrocb. Os tac gckj`strotij`s i` ^yrio

wigc`cg o`g Ossogs rcspj`sc

tur`cg i`tj tac systckotinsboufatcr jh tajuso`gs, tac

ogkiìstrotij` saihtcg tjworg

o nbcorcr o`ti-Ossog sto`nc,

rotnacti`f up gipbjkotin

prcssurc j` tac ^yrio`

strj`fko`, prjfrcssivcby

tifatcì`f cnj`jkin

so`ntij`s, o`g cvc`tuobby, j`

Oufust ?1, cxpbinitby nobbi`f j` Ossog tj stcp gjw`. Wc S.^. okmossogjr tj ^yrio, ]jmcrtHjrg, prjvigcg jutspjec` suppjrt hjr gissigc`tscvc` trovcbi`f tj tac rcstivc nity jh

Aoko ofoi`st yrio` fjvcr`kc`t wisacs.

I` Yckc`, tac ogkiìstrotij` wotnacg u`cosiby os koss gckj`strotij`s o`g ikpjrto`t

pjbitinob gchcntij`s muctcg bj`ftikc S.^. obby \rcsigc`t Obi Omgubboa ôbca. Gcspitc tac

nbjsc S.^. nju`tcrtcrrjrisk tics tj tac Yckcì bcogcr, tac Jmoko tcok nokc orju`g tj

tac mcbich taot ôbcas gcporturc wos `cncssory hjr Yckc` tj rcnjvcr ot bcost sjkc mosin

stomibity. Ogkiìstrotij` jniobs rcpcotcgby nj`gck`cg tac vijbc`nc i` tac nju`try o`g

mcfo` pusai`f i` Oprib hjr o pconchub tro`shcr jh pjwcr. Wcy strj`fby suppjrtcg o kjgcstFubh Njjpcrotij` Nju`nib tro`sitij` prjpjsob, waina ôbca rcpcotcgby prjkiscg tj sif`

mut monecg jut jh ot bcost tarcc tikcs mchjrc òbby ofrcci`f tj i` @jvckmcr =


35/58

>7 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


hrjk jtacr i`tcròtijòb ontjrs o`g o nbcor aukoìtorio` nrisis. Wis noutijus rcspj`sc

rccntcg scvcrob bcfitikotc nj`ncr s4 ?) o` u`ncrtoi`ty omjut tac vobuc jh pjbitinob nao`fc

hjr sjkc S.^. i`tcrcsts i` tac rcfij`5 =) o gcsirc tj ovjig situotij`s wacrc tac Sìtcg

^totcs wjubg mrcoe obb tics wita o bcogcr muctcg my prjtcsts mut tac` aovc tj fct obj`f

wita aik ih ac survivcg i` pjwcr5 o`g >) tac i`sti`ntivc mcbich j` tac port jh \rcsigc`tJmoko taot tac Sìtcg ^totcs sajubg ovjig putti`f itscbh ot tac nc`tcr jh pjtc`tiob

pjbitinob nao`fc i` jtacr nju`trics, jut jh nj`ncr` mjta jvcr gisnrcgiti f tajsc pusai`f

hjr gckjnrony o`g ossuki`f o bcvcb jh rcspj`simibity hjr cvc`ts taot tac Sìtcg totcs

kifat mc uòmbc tj hubbb. Xobig orfukc`ts pcrsist jvcr wactacr tac ogkiìstrotij` sajubg

aovc ontcg corbicr o`g kjrc gcnisivcby i` hovjr jh nao`fc i` tacsc gicrc`t pboncs. Yct tacsc

orfukc`ts orc omjut tiki`f o`g ckpaosis rotacr tao` mosin gircntij`tac ogkiìstrotij`

aos suppjrtcg gckjnrotin nao`fc i` kcoì`fhub woys i` cona jh tacsc noscs. Cbscwacrc i`

tac rcfij`, ajwcvcr, tac pinturc is bcss pjsitivc.

Musi`css os Ssuob

Vac` kossivc prjtcsts mrjec jut i` Moaroi` i` Hcmruory =


36/58

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >3

omuscsmut aos `jt visimby pusacg tac fjvcr`kc`t tj i`trjgunc kodjr nao`fcs. Jvcrobb,

it oppcors cofcr tj nj`gunt musi`css os usuob, i`nbugi`f kjvi`f hjrworg j` o $3> kibbij`

orks sobc tj tac fjvcr`kc`t. Wc prjpjscg wcopj`s gcob c`nju`tcrcg strj`f jppjsitij` i`

Nj`frcss o`g oppcors tj mc j` ajbg hjr tac tikc mci`f.

Wc pubb jh nju`tcrvoibi`f scnurity o`g cnj`jkin i`tcrcsts aos mcc` strj`f i` tac rcst jh

tac Fubh os wcbb. Wc Sìtcg ^totcs aos koi`toi`cg njrgiob rcbotij`s wita its bj`ftikc

outjnrotin obbics (o`g wita ôugi Oromio, it aos bomjrcg tj skjjta jvcr tac upsct nouscg

my S.^. suppjrt hjr nao`fc i` Cfypt). Wcsc fjvcr`kc`ts aovc sj hor mcc` ombc tj stovc

j tac rcfijòb wovc jh sjnijpjbitinob u`rcst, borfcby taoès tj tacir nj`sigcrombc ò`niob

rcsjurncs, o`g tac ogkiìstrotij` oppcors aoppy tj eccp jpcroti`f i` tac kjgc jh njzy

rcbotij`s wita hric`gby tyro`ts taot gc`cg S.^. pjbiny tarjufajut kjst jh tac rcfij` hjr

gcnogcs mchjrc.

Cvc` i` tac twj Orom kjòrnaics wacrc tac Sìtcg ^totcs aos pjtc`tiobby kjrc pjbitinob

iùc`nc tao` tac Fubh o`g wacrc borfcr prjtcsts aovc cruptcgDjrgo` o`g Kjrjnnj

tac ogkiìstrotij` aos j`by vcry kibgby spjec` up hjr rchjrk. O`g os tac ei`fs i` mjta

nju`trics aovc rcsjrtcg tj tacir tikc-tcstcg tontins jh rchjrk fcsturcs gcsif`cg tj fivc tac

oppcoro`nc jh njkkitkc`t tj gckjnrotizotij` mut hobbi`f sajrt jh nao`fc ot tac pjbitinob

njrc, tac ogkiìstrotij` aos proiscg tacir cjrts os cxokpbcs jh c`bifatc`cg bcogcrsaip.

Vac` Djrgo s Ei`f Omgubboa II visitcg Vosai`ftj` i` Koy =


37/58

>8 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


\rcsigc`t Jmoko oppcors tj aovc ckmroncg tac spirit jh nao`fc i` tac rcfij` o`g pusacg

S.^. pjbiny ot bcost portiobby jut jh tac gccp frjjvc jh njkhjrt wita hric`gby tyro`ts. Ais

spccna jh Koy ?9, =


38/58

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >6

jh jur i`tcrcsts obif`. Vc wjre tj obif` tack, mut taot is dust rcobity.>8Yct tais wos tac

sokc mosin orfukc`t taot S.^. jniobs jcrcg ofoi` o`g ofoi` i` tac ycors prijr tj tac

Orom uprisi`fs tj dustihy tac S.^. ottonakc`t tj its gintotjriob hric`gs.

Jvcrobb, si`nc tac stort jh =


39/58


40/58

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >9

\O]WIOB ]CXIWOBITOWIJ@

^WC\\I@F MONEhrjk o hjnus j` o`y j`c rcfij` jr tackotin orco jh ckpaosis, j`c

no` scc taot my tac c`g jh =


41/58

7< GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


Wcsc vorijus cjrts jpcrotc hrjk o` i`hjrkob sct jh fuigi`f pri`nipbcs taot scce tj

pjsitij` tac Sìtcg ^totcs os o pjsitivc, njjpcrotivc, o`g rcspcntcg i`tcròtijòb ontjr j`

gckjnrony issucs4

Ckpaosizi`f tac uìvcrsobisk jh gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats `jrks.

Ossjnioti`f gckjnrony wita jtacr bcss pjbitinobby sc`sitivc pumbin fjjgs biec

gcvcbjpkc`t, dustinc, tro`sporc`ny, o`g ccntivc fjvcrò`nc tj mrjogc` its oppcob.

Bjjei`f hjr kubtibotcrob opprjonacs o`g gckj`stroti`f o wibbi`f`css tj pboy o

suppjrti`f rjbc o`g bct jtacr ontjrs toec tac bcog i` sjkc aifa-visimibity cjrts tj

ogvo`nc gckjnrony.

Ovjigi`f putti`f tac Sìtcg ^totcs jut i` hrj`t jh bjnob prjgckjnrotin ontjrs i`

nj`tcxts wacrc tacy koy sucr hrjk o nbjsc ossjniotij` wita tac Sìtcg ^totcs.

Wc Jmoko opprjona gjcs rcprcsc`t ot bcost o portiob rcvitobizotij` jh S.^. gckjnrony

pjbiny hrjk its trjumbcg stotc ot tac c`g jh tac Musa ycors. Jmoko aos sunnccgcg i`

frcotby gikiìsai`f tac gokofi`f ossjniotij` jh gckjnrony prjkjtij` wita tac Iroq

wor o`g wita uìbotcrob, hjrnimbc rcfikc nao`fc fc`crobby waibc stibb pursi`f ontivc

prjgckjnrony gipbjkony i` ko`y pboncs. Wc S.^. portinipotij` i` tac =


42/58

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 7?

Ot tac sokc tikc, tac cxtrckcby ajstibc vicw jh gckjnrony prjkjtij` taot ckcrfcg i`

]ussio, Naiò, o`g sjkc jtacr `j`gckjnrotin pboncs ohtcr tac Iroq wor o`g tac njbjr

rcvjbutij`s i` Fcjrfio o`g Seroi`c pcrsists. Ko`y jniobs i` tacsc nju`trics orc stibb

frippcg my tac hcor taot obb jutmrcoes jh borfc-snobc pjbitinob prjtcst i` tac wjrbg orc

tac wjre jh o siìstcr S.^. ao`g orthubby nbjoecg i` tac form jh nivib sjnicty ossisto`ncjr pjbitinob porty suppjrt.

Wc corbicr trc`g i` ko`y

nju`trics tjworg aifaby

rcstrintivc bows fjvcrì`f

cxtcròb hu`gi`f hjr nivib

sjnicty o`g jtacr rcbotcg

cjrts tj mbjne gckjnrony

ossisto`nc nj`tiùc. Obtajufa

tac monebosa ofoi`stgckjnrony prjkjtij` i`

ko`y j`gckjnronics orjsc

i` rcspj`sc tj spcnin cvc`ts o`g o ncrtoi` fcjpjbitinob nj`tcxt i` tac kiggbc ycors jh tac

bost gcnogc, it aos frjw` rjjts taot rcona wcbb mcbjw tac surhonc jh o`y spcnin S.^. jr

jtacr Vcstcr` pjbiny nao`fcs.

O`jtacr ecy cbckc`t jh Jmokos ottckptcg rcvitobizotij` jh S.^. gckjnrony suppjrt

tac rcstjrotij` jh Okcrinos sto`gi`f os o sykmjb jh gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats i` tac

wjrbgaos c`nju`tcrcg najppicr wotcrs. Wc ogkiìstrotij` aos toec` sjkc njrrcntivcontij`s wita rcforg tj S.^. rcspcnt hjr bow o`g rifats i` its nju`tcrtcrrjrisk pjbinics, o`g

Jmoko c`djys o mcttcr rcputotij` fc`crobby i` tac wjrbg j` auko` rifats tao` gig Musa.

Mut tac prcsigc`t aos `jt onnjkpbisacg ais sifòturc fjob jh nbjsi`f Fuo`tòkj. I`

oggitij`, mjwi`f tj nj`frcssijòb prcssurc, tac ogkiìstrotij` rcvcrscg its corbicr gcnisij`

tj ajbg nivibio` triobs i` @cw Yjre hjr gctoi`ccs onnuscg jh pbo`ì`f tac ^cptckmcr ??

ottones.>6Wc ogkiìstrotij` aos obsj mcc` nritinizcg my auko` rifats ogvjnotcs hjr

hoibi`f tj ajbg o`y nurrc`t jr hjrkcr S.^. jniobs onnju`tombc hjr post omuscs o`g i`stcog

ogjpti`f ko`y jh tac Musa ogkiìstrotij`s bcfob pjsitij`s i` jrgcr tj mbjne bowsuits my

hjrkcr gctoi`ccs sccei`f rcgrcss hjr ibbcfob gctc`tij`, rc`gitij`, o`g tjrturc.>1

Wc foi`s onaicvcg my tac kjgcst ikprjvckc`ts i` S.^. auko` rifats pjbiny ot ajkc

aovc mcc` jvcrsaogjwcg my jtacr `cfotivc gcvcbjpkc`ts guri`f Jmokos prcsigc`ny.

Wc hrontijus fjvcrò`nc taot aos wronecg S.^. pjbitinob bihc i` tac post hcw ycors aos

gcobt o mbjw tj tac oppcob jh Okcrino` gckjnrony tj jtacrs. Wc titoìn cjrts taot

tac ogkiìstrotij` put i`tj tryi`f tj cònt acobta norc rchjrk ostjìsacg ko`y hjrcif`

jmscrvcrs mjta mcnousc jh tac okju`t jh tikc o`g c`crfy rcquircg hjr tac S.^. systck

tj ottckpt o kodjr rchjrk o`g tac gccp sjnijpjbitinob givisij`s tac cjrt aifabifatcg.

Cvc` kjrc ikpjrto`tby, tac sckiporobysis jh fjvcrò`nc taot aos prcvoibcg si`nc tac]cpumbino`s foi`cg o kodjrity i` tac Ajusc jh ]cprcsc`totivcs i` =


43/58

7= GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


j` gispboy guri`f tac mottbc i` tac sukkcr jh =


44/58

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 7>

]CW]COW J]

]COGDS^WKC@W:

WOEC@ WJFCWAC],tac vorijus cbckc`ts jh tac Jmoko opprjona nj`stitutc

o` ikpjrto`t c`fofckc`t j` gckjnrony prjkjtij`. Yct i` tac borfcr pcrspcntivc jhJmokos jvcrobb hjrcif` pjbiny, tacy rcprcsc`t j`by o scnj`gory ckpaosis obj`fsigc tac

nc`trob orcos jh nj`ncr` taot aovc toec` up kjst jh tac ogkiìstrotij`s tikc o`g c`crfy4

pursui`f nju`tcrtcrrjrisk, i`nbugi`f tarjufa tac wor i` Ohfaoìsto`, tac rcbotcg njìnt

i` \oeisto`, o`g tac borfcr struffbc tj njkmot ob-_ocgo j` kubtipbc nj`ti`c`ts5 c`gi`f

tac wor i` Iroq5 koòfi`f rcbotij`s wita o ropigby risi`f Naiò5 rcsctti`f rcbotij`s wita

o rcnobnitro`t ]ussio5 tryi`f tj tawort Iro s unbcor okmitij`s5 ottckpti`f tj honibitotc o

rcsjbutij` jh tac Isrocbi-\obcstiìo` njìnt5 o`g bost mut my `j kco`s bcost, tryi`f tj ovjig

hurtacr i`tcròtijòb cnj`jkin i`stomibity o`g nrisis.

Gckjnrony suppjrt furcs i` sjkc jh tacsc c`gcovjrs, suna os tac oig tj suppjrt

pburobistin pjbitinob gcvcbjpkc`t os port jh tac cxit strotcfy i` Iroq o`g tac cjrt tj

koi`toi` o viombc auko` rifats trone i` tac rcbotij`saip wita ]ussio. J` tac wajbc,

ajwcvcr, gckjnrony suppjrt is `jt o kodjr cbckc`t jh o`y jh tac koi` orcos jh ottc`tij`

o`g cjrt i` Jmokos hjrcif` pjbiny gcspitc ais ractjrinob orkotij` ot tac Sìtcg

@otij`s jh o` jvcrornai`f njkkitkc`t taot Okcrino wibb `cvcr wovcr i` jur cjrts tj

sto`g up hjr tac rifat jh pcjpbc cvcrywacrc tj gctcrki`c tacir jw` gcsti`y.>9O pjssimbc

cxncptij` is tac `cw prjki`c`nc jh gckjnrony nj`ncr`s i` S.^. pjbiny tjworg tac Orom

wjrbg, os o rcsubt jh tac tigc jh pjbitinob nao`fc tacrc. Mut os gisnusscg omjvc, gckjnrony


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suppjrt sj hor oppcors tj furc prjki`c`tby i` S.^. rcbotij`s j`by wita o ki`jrity jh

Orom nju`trics.

Wc rcob wcifat jh tac ogkiìstrotij`s mrjogby stotcg njkkitkc`t tj gckjnrony o`g

auko` rifats is obsj u`gcrnut my its pursuit jh hric`gby tics wita ko`y `j`gckjnrotinfjvcr`kc`ts hjr tac soec jh nju`tcrvoibi`f cnj`jkin o`g scnurity i`tcrcsts. Wis i`nbugcs

tac hokibior, bj`f-sto`gi`f noscs jh uschub hric`gsaips wita tac outjnrotin fjvcr`kc`ts

i` tac \crsio` Fubh o`g tac mosinobby njrgiob rcbotij`saip wita tac Nai`csc fjvcr`kc`t

gcspitc its rcbc`tbcss gjkcstin rcprcssij`. Mut it obsj i`nbugcs jtacr nju`trics bcss i`

tac bikcbifat. I` Nc`trob Osio o`g tac Nounosus, tac Jmoko ogkiìstrotij` koi`toi`s

hric`gby jr ot bcost kutuobby prjguntivc rcbotij`s wita u`gckjnrotin fjvcr`kc`ts i`

Eozoeasto`, Szmceisto`,

Ozcrmoido`, Orkcìo, o`g

Eyrfyzsto` (wacrc tacfjvcr`kc`t wos outjnrotin

u`tib tac justcr jh \rcsigc`t

Eurko`mce Moeiycv i` =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 73

NJS@WC]XOIBI@F I@WC]C^W^

I@ OH]INOOs jib o`g nju`tcrtcrrjrisk nj`ncr`s aovc risc` j` tac S.^. pjbiny ofc`go hjrsum-ôaoro` Ohrino guri`f tac post tc` ycors, mjta tac Musa o`g tac Jmokoogkiìstrotij`s aovc gjw`pboycg gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats i` o frjwi`fùkmcr jh nju`trics hjr tac soec jh njjpcrotij` j` tacsc issucs. ^jkc nurrc`tcxokpbcs i`nbugc4

O`fjbo4 Vita O`fjbo mcnjki`f o kodjr jib cxpjrtcr, tac Sìtcg ^totcs

wjres ossigujusby tj koi`toi` hric`gby rcbotij`s wita O`fjbo` prcsigc`tDjs Cguorgj gjs ô`tjs, gcspitc ais scrijus gckjnrotin gchinic`nics. I`Koy =


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Obb tarcc jh tacsc òrrotivcs wcrc tro shjrkotijòb onnju`ts taot nost tac Sìtcg ^totcs

i` tac rjbc `jt dust os tac prikory gctcrki`cr jh tac i`tcròtijòb scnurity jrgcr mut os

o rcsaopcr jh tac gjkcstin pjbitinob trodcntjry jh ko`y jtacr nju`trics. jgoy, `j suna

òrrotivc hjr S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny cxists. Wc kubtipbc hrj`ts jh Jmokos hjrcif` pjbiny orc

`jt i`tcrnj``cntcg ports jh j`c borfcr struffbc o`g orc `jt omjut rckoei`f tac wjrbgi` tac ikofc jh tac Sìtcg ^totcs. Wcy orc omjut tac Sìtcg ^totcs tryi`f tj prjtcnt its

scnurity o`g cnj`jkin wcbb-mci`f i` tac honc jh kyriog givcrsc naobbc`fcs.

Wis omsc`nc jh o nc`trob òrrotivc, o`g j`c i` waina gckjnrony prjkjtij` wjubg aovc

o òturob pbonc, is `jt o hoibi`f jh \rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g ais hjrcif` pjbiny tcok. ]otacr,

it is o rccntij` jh tac stotc jh tac wjrbg. Ohtcr tac Njbg Vor hrokcwjre jh S.^. hjrcif`

pjbiny c`gcg, tac i`tcròtijòb scnurity bo`gsnopc mcnokc i`nrcosi`fby actcrjfc`cjus,

sporei`f o `ccg hjr o kotnai`f actcrjfc`city jh S.^. pjbiny c`fofckc`t. Onncpto`nc my

tac S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny njkkuìty o`g S.^. pumbin jh tais actcrjfc`city wos gcboycg hjrtwj gcnogcsrst my tac iìtiob pjstNjbg Vor nj`ncit jh Okcrino os o bj`c supcrpjwcr

taot wjubg gjkiòtc tac i`tcròtijòb stofc biec o sjrt jh mcìf` kocstrj nj`gunti`f o

pjsitivc-suk sykpaj`y jh cnj`jkin o`g pjbitinob fbjmobizotij`, o`g tac` my tac pjst-

9/?? pcrncptij` taot Okcrinos hjrcif` pjbiny j`nc ofoi` sajubg mc strunturcg orju`g

o si`fbc, gjkiò`t tarcot. Mut tajsc twj obtcròtivc visij`s aovc hogcg. Wc rcobitics jh

o kcssy wjrbg, mrikki`f wita borfc, kcgiuk, o`g skobb tarcots jh obb sjrts, rcquirc o

porobbcb givcrsity jh S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny c`gcovjrs. Frcotcr kubtipjbority kco`s o bcss

gjkiò`t rjbc hjr tac Sìtcg totcs, cvc` tajufa S.^. pjwcr rckoi`s hjrkigombc. Wis

nao`fcg pinturc njkcs os o rcogdustkc`t i` tac pbonc jh gckjnrony prjkjtij` i` tachjrcif` pjbiny ofc`go.

Wis nao`fc is u`sotishyi`f tj sjkc, cspcniobby tajsc waj orc gissotiscg wita tac hont jh

frjwi`f kubtipjbority o`g nrovc tac rcnj`struntij` jh o si`fbc, tro`shjrkotijòb òrrotivc

hjr S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny, j`c taot is obb omjut S.^. pjwcr o`g strc`fta. It is biecby taot tac

gcmotc jvcr S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny i` tac u`hjbgi`f prcsigc`tiob cbcntij` nokpoif` wibb pboy

jut os o` orfukc`t onrjss tais borfcr givigc. Gckjnrony prjkjtij` koy wcbb fct pubbcg

i`tj taot gcmotc os it is sjkctikcs trcotcg os o prjxy hjr tac borfcr issuc jh ajw osscrtivc

Okcrino sajubg mc i` tac wjrbg, cspcniobby tjworg ajstibc pjwcrs.

I` troni`f tac cvjbutij` jh hjrcif` pjbiny òrrotivcs jvcr tikc, ajwcvcr, it is ikpjrto`t `jt

tj c`g up saogjwmjxi`f wita ibbusjry ikofcs hrjk tac post. Wc pbonc jh gckjnrony i`

tac stotcg hjrcif` pjbiny ofc`gos jh tac post tarcc gcnogcs wos ikprcssivc, mut tac ontuob

pjbinics j` gckjnrony taot wc`t j` u`gcr`cota tac orthub no`jpics jh tacsc stjry bi`cs

wcrc obwoys kuna kjrc kixcg tao` tac sjori`f wjrgs ikpbicg.

Wus, ]jòbg ]cofo`s stobwort njkkitkc`t tj hrccgjk njcxistcg wita ko`y nj`tiùi`f

S.^. hric`gsaips wita rcprcssivc outjnrots, wactacr \rcsigc`t Kjmutu csc cej jh Toirc,

\rcsigc`t ûaortj jh I`gj`csio, \rcsigc`t Kjaokkog Tio-ub-Aoq jh \oeisto`, tac


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 76

vorijus prj-S.^. outjnrots i` tac Kiggbc Cost, o`g jtacrs. \rcsigc`t Nbi`tj`s ottonakc`t

tj mjbstcri`f gckjnrony i` o fbjmobizi`f wjrbg fovc sifìno`t gchcrc`nc tj cnj`jkin

o`g scnurity i`tcrcsts taot u`gcrfirgcg hric`gby S.^. rcbotij`s wita gintotjriob rcfikcs

tarjufajut tac Orom wjrbg

o`g ikpjrto`t ports jhNc`trob Osio, Cost Osio, o`g

^jutacost Osio. \rcsigc`t

Fcjrfc V. Musas Hrccgjk

Ofc`go gig `jt jvcrrigc

tac ikpcrotivc jh scnurity

njjpcrotij` wita \oeistoì

prcsigc`t \crvcz Kusaorroh,

tac vobuc jh i`tikotc tics wita

ôugi Oromio o`g jtacr Fubhkjòrnaics, o`g tac utibity

jh fji`f cosy j` vorijus Ohrino` outjnrots sitti`f j` jib jr acbpi`f wita nju`tcrtcrrjrisk.

Obb jh tacsc prcsigc`ts ecpt tacir snrupbcs j` gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats sunic`tby i`

nacne tj fct obj`f rcosjòmby wcbb wita tac Nai`csc fjvcr`kc`t.

Wus, tac u`cvc``css jh Jmokos njkkitkc`t tj gckjnrony omrjog is kjrc o

nj`tiùotij` jh o gcnogcs-bj`f pottcr` tao` o nao`fc jr o rctrcot. Kjrcjvcr, it is truc taot

os o rcsubt jh o nao`fcg i`tcròtijòb bo`gsnopc, tac Sìtcg totcs `j bj`fcr aos o nc`trob

c`fofckc`t j` gckjnrony prjkjtij` ot tac acort jh its fcjstrotcfy sikibor citacr tj tacstruffbc tj c`g ^jvict tyro``y jr tac corby pjstNjbg Vor cjrt tj acbp c`surc tac sunncss

jh gckjnrony i` pjstnjkkuìst Nc`trob o`g Costcr` Curjpc o`g tac hjrkcr ^jvict

Sìj`. Yct tac Sìtcg ^totcs rckoi`s c`fofcg, os it aos mcc` hjr gcnogcs, i` suppjrti`f

gckjnrony i` ùkcrjus woys, borfc o`g skobb, i` o vcry borfc ùkmcr jh pboncs. I` hont,

tac Sìtcg ^totcs rckoi`s tac kjst ontivc o`g ikpjrto`t suppjrtcr jh gckjnrony i` tac

wjrbg.

@cvcrtacbcss, sustoiì`f o`g saorpcì`f tac S.^. fbjmob rjbc j` gckjnrony suppjrt

rckoi`s o nj`tiùob wjre i` prjfrcss. \ortiso` gcmotcs jvcr fro`g hjrcif` pjbinyòrrotivcs orc o òturob o`g `cncssory port jh S.^. prcsigc`tiob nokpoif`s. ^j, tjj, orc tac

pji`tcg nbosacs jvcr ajw aorg tac Sìtcg ^totcs sajubg pusa sjkc aifa-prjbc ajstibc

fjvcr`kc`ts, suna os Iro`s, j` tacir gckjnrotin sajrtnjki`fs o`g auko` rifats hoibi`fs.

Mut tacsc orfukc`ts no` kose tac hont taot my hor tac vost kodjrity jh tac goiby wjre jh

gckjnrony suppjrt is o kottcr jh miportiso` ofrcckc`t. O`g tacy koy hoib tj aifabifat

tac bcss visimbc mut jhtc` cquobby nruniob issucs hjr mjbstcri`f S.^. gckjnrony suppjrt i`

tac ycors oacog, wactacr u`gcr Gckjnrots jr ]cpumbino`s, i`nbugi`f4 i`dcnti`f ot bcost

sjkc scrijus prjgckjnrotin nj`tc`t i`tj S.^. rcbotij`s wita putotivcby acbphub outjnrots5

eccpi`f os kuna gckjnrony oig i`tont os pjssimbc i` tac njki`f obkjst ncrtoi` wovcjh scrijus nuts i` S.^. hjrcif` ossisto`nc5 njkpbcti`f tac i`stitutijòbizotij` jh `cw

Wais omsc`nc jh o nc`trob òrrotivc,

o`g j`c i` waina gckjnrony

prjkjtij` wjubg aovc o òturob pbonc,

is `jt o hoibi`f jh \rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g

ais hjrcif` pjbin y tcok. ]otacr, it is o

rchbcntij` jh tac stotc jh tac wjrbg.


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3< GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


3 Gjufbos ^najc`, Jmokos Hjrcif` \jbiny4 Omo`gj` Gckjnrony, Hjx @cws, ^cptckmcr ?,= Morone Jmoko, ]ckores jh \rcsigc`t Jmoko Korei`f @jwruz, Vaitc Ajusc, Korna=


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 3?

=< Bcogi`f rjufa Nivibio` \jwcr4 c Hirst _uogrc`ìob Gipbjkony o`g Gcvcbjpkc`t]cvicw(Vosai`ftj`, G.N.4 S.^. Gcportkc`t jh ^totc o`g S.^. Ofc`ny hjr I`tcròtijòbGcvcbjpkc`t, =


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3= GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO


>7 Morone Jmoko, ]ckores my \rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g Ais Kodcsty Ei`f Omgubboa II jh Djrgo`Ohtcr Mibotcrob Kccti`f, Vaitc Ajusc, Koy ?6, =


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 3>

WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]îs vinc prcsigc`t hjr stugics ot tac Nor`cfic C`gjwkc`t hjr

I`tcròtijòb \conc. Ac is tac hju`gcr o`g gircntjr jh tac Gckjnrony o`g ]ubc jh Bow\rjfrok, waina oòbyzcs tac stotc jh gckjnrony i` tac wjrbg o`g cjrts my tac Sìtcg

^totcs o`g jtacr nju`trics tj prjkjtc gckjnrony.

Norjtacrs is o bcogi`f outajrity j` gckjnrony prjkjtij` o`g gckjnrotizotij` wjrbgwigc

os wcbb os o` cxpcrt j` S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny fc`crobby. Ac aos wjrecg j` gckjnrony

ossisto`nc prjdcnts hjr ko`y pumbin o`g privotc jrfoìzotij`s o`g norricg jut cxtc`sivc

cbg rcscorna j` gckjnrony-muibgi`f cjrts orju`g tac wjrbg. I` oggitij`, ac aos mrjog

cxpcric`nc i` kottcrs gcobi`f wita gcvcbjpkc`t, fjvcrò`nc, auko` rifats, rubc jh bow,

o`g nivib sjnicty gcvcbjpkc`t.

Norjtacrs is tac outajr jr cgitjr jh cifat nritinobby onnboikcg mjjes j` gckjnrony

prjkjtij`, os wcbb os ko`y ortinbcs i` prjki`c`t djuròbs o`g `cwspopcrs. Ac is o scìjr

rcscorna hcbbjw ot @ucbg Njbbcfc, Jxhjrg Sìvcrsity, o`g aos obsj toufat ot tac Nc`trob

Curjpco` Sìvcrsity o`g tac Dja`s Ajpei`s ^najjb jh Ogvo`ncg I`tcròtijòb ^tugics.

OMJSW WAC OSWAJ]


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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 33

WAC NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@W HJ] I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONCis o

privotc, `j`prjt jrfoìzotij` gcginotcg tj ogvo`ni`f njjpcrotij` mctwcc` òtij`s o`gprjkjti`f ontivc i`tcròtijòb c`fofckc`t my tac Sìtcg totcs. Hju`gcg i` ?9?


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Democracy Under Obama

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