Mudhafar Ibrahim Taha

- Political equals is the key characteristic of democracy.- Such responsiveness requires that citizens have opportunities to ;1) Formulate their preferences.2) Signify their preferences to their fellow citizens and the government by individual and collective actions.3) Have their preferences equally in the conduct of the government, that is, with no discrimination because of the content or source of the preference.

Introduction

Meaning of Democracy

Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. The term democracy comes from the Greek language and means "rule by the (simple) people"Kratos - Power/ruleDemos - People Thus, “rule by the people”U.S. president Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) defined democracy as: «Government of the people, by the people, for the people»

What is Dictatorship ?

Dictatorship is the form of government in which the country is rule by one person or on party, the main points of the type of government is as fellows Main points:• Not give interest to country benefit• No freedom of speech• Give benefit to his own people• The decision making ability is in the hand of one person or party • There is no respect of dictator in the mind of people

Why prefer Democracy ?

Promotes equality among citizens.Enhances the dignity of the individual.Improves the quality of decision making.Freedom of speech.The rules are the same for everyone.

Principle of Democracy Free elections are used to representatives of the people. The powers of government are based on the consent of the

governed. Public questions are decided by the will of the majority. Regulation guarantees right and freedoms. Freedom to live

or travel anywhere in country, freedom to work at any job which one qualifies. Freedom to marry and rise a family, Freedom to receive free education in public schools, Freedom to join a political party, union or other legal group.

Types of Democracy

Indirect democracy

Ancient Greek/ Rome and India Modern period- Switzerland

India, France, USA

Direct Democracy

It is a political setup, where the people themselves makes the laws and parliament directly in the functioning of the govt.

Decisions are taken on the base of the majority of opinion.

It is suitable for the geographically small countries with less population.

Eg : Ancient Greek/ Rome and India Modern period- Switzerland

Indirect Democracy

In the modern world most of the countries are following the indirect democracy.It is system, in which the representatives are elected by the people and they act on behalf of the people.They are so sensitive to cater the needs and opinion of the people. Eg ; India/ France/ USA

Democracy index by regime type

The following table gives the number and percentage of countries and the percentage of the world population for each regime type in 2015

Type of regime Scores Number of countries

 % of countries

 % of world population

Full democracies 8.01 to 10 20 12.0 8.9

Flawed democracies 6.01 to 8.0 59 35.3 39.5

Hybrid regimes 4.01 to 6.0 36 22.2 17.5

Authoritarian regimes   0 to 4.0 52 30.5 34.1

World population refers to the total population of the 167 countries covered by the Index. Since this excludes only micro-states, this is nearly equal to the entire estimated world population.

Democracy index map for 2015.

Rank Region Countries 2006[3] 2008[7] 2010[8] 2011[5] 2012[1] 2013[9] 2014[10] 2015[6]

1 North America 2 8.64 8.64 8.63 8.59 8.59 8.59 8.59 8.56

2 Western Europe 21 8.60 8.61 8.45 8.40 8.44 8.41 8.41 8.42

3 Latin America and the Caribbean

24 6.37 6.43 6.37 6.35 6.36 6.38 6.36 6.37

4 Asia and Australasia 28 5.44 5.58 5.53 5.51 5.56 5.61 5.70 5.74

5 Central and Eastern Europe

28 5.76 5.67 5.55 5.50 5.51 5.53 5.58 5.55

6 Sub-Saharan Africa

44 4.24 4.28 4.23 4.32 4.33 4.36 4.34 4.38

7Middle East and North Africa

20 3.54 3.48 3.52 3.62 3.73 3.68 3.65 3.58

  World 167 5.52 5.55 5.46 5.49 5.52 5.53 5.55 5.55

Rank Country Score Category1  Norway 9.93 Full democracy2  Iceland 9.58 Full democracy3  Sweden 9.45 Full democracy4  New Zealand 9.26 Full democracy5  Denmark 9.11 Full democracy6   Switzerland 9.09 Full democracy7  Canada 9.08 Full democracy8  Finland 9.03 Full democracy9  Australia 9.01 Full democracy

10  Netherlands 8.92 Full democracy

156  Iran 2.16 Authoritarian regime

157  Democratic Republic of the Congo

2.11 Authoritarian regime

158  Uzbekistan 1.95 Authoritarian regime158  Tajikistan 1.95 Authoritarian regime160  Saudi Arabia 1.93 Authoritarian regime160  Guinea-Bissau 1.93 Authoritarian regime162  Turkmenistan 1.83 Authoritarian regime163  Equatorial Guinea 1.77 Authoritarian regime

164  Central African Republic

1.57 Authoritarian regime

165  Chad 1.50 Authoritarian regime

166  Syria 1.43 Authoritarian regime

167  North Korea 1.08 Authoritarian regime

115  Iraq 4.08 Hybrid regime

Rank Country Score Category

82  Georgia 5.88 Hybrid regime

132  Russia 3.31 Authoritarian regime

35  India 7.74 Flawed democracy

Conclusion

After discussion the above, points of presentation, we come to know that the democracy form of government is the best form of the government in which the country will develop to the great developed country in the world, the country where there are equal rights for all mankind, availability of shelter and other necessities of life, the country where is the reasonable regulation and the statute for the poor people of country, if these countries with democratic form of government fulfil the above requirements of the life rather than their nation will become a developed nation in the world.

Thank you