Democracy and Democracy and Greece’s Golden Greece’s Golden

AgeAge

•Direct Direct democracydemocracy•TragedyTragedy•ComedyComedy•philosopherphilosopher

Pericles’ Pericles’ Plan for Plan for AthensAthens

• Led Athens for much of it s golden Led Athens for much of it s golden ageage

• Age of Pericles – what were his 3 Age of Pericles – what were his 3 goals?goals?

1.1. To strengthen Athenian democracyTo strengthen Athenian democracy

2.2. Hold and strengthen the empireHold and strengthen the empire

3.3. Glorify AthensGlorify Athens• How did want to strengthen How did want to strengthen

Athenian democracy – direct Athenian democracy – direct democracydemocracy

• One of greatest architecture – the One of greatest architecture – the Parthenon a Greek temple to honor Parthenon a Greek temple to honor AthenaAthena

• The Greeks also invented drama as The Greeks also invented drama as an art form and built the 1an art form and built the 1stst theaters theaters in the West – tragedies and in the West – tragedies and comediescomedies

• What are an example of each one?What are an example of each one?

Athenians & Athenians & Sparta go to Sparta go to

WarWar

• As Athens grows in wealth & prestige As Athens grows in wealth & prestige other city-states view it with hostilityother city-states view it with hostility

• Peloponnesian War – Athens vs. SpartaPeloponnesian War – Athens vs. Sparta• Athens has better navy Sparta has a Athens has better navy Sparta has a

better armybetter army• Sparta wins war when plague hits Sparta wins war when plague hits

Athens Athens • Later Athens send a huge fleet do Sicily Later Athens send a huge fleet do Sicily

to destroy the city-state of Syracuse to destroy the city-state of Syracuse (Spartan Ally)(Spartan Ally)

• Fails Athens loses empire, power, & Fails Athens loses empire, power, & wealthwealth

• Several great thinkers & philosophers Several great thinkers & philosophers • Socrates – poisoned for corrupting the Socrates – poisoned for corrupting the

youth of Athensyouth of Athens

1.1. Plato – writes the Plato – writes the RepublicRepublic

2.2. Aristotle – teacher of Alexander the Aristotle – teacher of Alexander the GreatGreat

Alexander’Alexander’s Empires Empire

HellenisticHellenistic

Philip Philip Builds Builds PowerPower

•Philip becomes king of Greek city-Philip becomes king of Greek city-state of Macedoniastate of Macedonia

•He unites all of Greece under his He unites all of Greece under his rule rule

•Has a son becomes known as Has a son becomes known as Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

•Philip planned to invade Persia Philip planned to invade Persia but is assassinated & Alexander but is assassinated & Alexander becomes king at 20 years oldbecomes king at 20 years old

• 334 B.C. carries out his father’s 334 B.C. carries out his father’s plan to invade Persia – Darius III plan to invade Persia – Darius III king of Persiaking of Persia

•His army keeps defeating the His army keeps defeating the Persian army time after timePersian army time after time

• Egypt welcomes Alexander – crown Egypt welcomes Alexander – crown him Pharaoh forms city of him Pharaoh forms city of Alexandria Alexandria

Defeat Defeat of of

the the PersPersiansians

• Final defeat of the Persian comes at Final defeat of the Persian comes at Gaugamela – Alexander has conquered Gaugamela – Alexander has conquered the Persians the Persians

• He has become the unchallenged ruler of He has become the unchallenged ruler of southwest Asiasouthwest Asia

• He keeps pushing his army across central He keeps pushing his army across central Asia to the furthest edge of the continentAsia to the furthest edge of the continent

• Alexander & his army reach India – defeat Alexander & his army reach India – defeat the Indian army and keeps on marching the Indian army and keeps on marching

• They had been marching for 11 years and They had been marching for 11 years and had marched more then 11,000 miles had marched more then 11,000 miles army wanted to stop marching & army wanted to stop marching & Alexander agrees – there he dies from Alexander agrees – there he dies from fever 32 years oldfever 32 years old

• Macedonian general fight among them Macedonian general fight among them selves for control of his empire – split into selves for control of his empire – split into 3 different empires3 different empires

1.1. Antigonus – GreeceAntigonus – Greece2.2. Ptolemy – EgyptPtolemy – Egypt3.3. Selecucus – Persian empireSelecucus – Persian empire

HellenistiHellenistic Culturec Culture

• Alexander’s ambitions were Alexander’s ambitions were cultural as well as military cultural as well as military and politicaland political

• The territory that was The territory that was conquered by Alexander conquered by Alexander adopted many Greek patterns adopted many Greek patterns & customs that linked cities & customs that linked cities togethertogether

• However, each region had its However, each region had its own traditional ways of life, own traditional ways of life, religion, & governmentreligion, & government

• This new culture was called This new culture was called Hellenistic culture – Hellenistic culture – Alexandria in Egypt was the Alexandria in Egypt was the centercenter

Science & Science & TechnologTechnolog

yy

• Preserved Greek & Egyptian Preserved Greek & Egyptian learning in scienceslearning in sciences

AstronomyAstronomy – started to try and – started to try and calculate the size of the Sun & Earthcalculate the size of the Sun & Earth

Mathematics & PhysicsMathematics & Physics – Euclid & – Euclid & Pythagorean in geometry (APythagorean in geometry (A22 + B + B22 = = CC22) Archimedes accurately estimated ) Archimedes accurately estimated the value of pi (3.14)the value of pi (3.14)

PhilosophyPhilosophy – Stoics proposed that – Stoics proposed that people should live virtuous lives in people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or harmony with the will of god or natural laws the God established to natural laws the God established to run the universerun the universe

- Epicureanism gods had - Epicureanism gods had no interest in humans, main goal no interest in humans, main goal was to achieve harmony of body & was to achieve harmony of body & mindmind

Realism in SculptureRealism in Sculpture – Colossus of – Colossus of Rhodes, all sculptures showed Rhodes, all sculptures showed perfect body & faceperfect body & face