Demkina Polina, Rizhova Nastya 3-rd year, 1 english.
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Transcript of Demkina Polina, Rizhova Nastya 3-rd year, 1 english.
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Demkina Polina, Rizhova Nastya
3-rd year, 1 english
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The history of Grammar can be roughly divided into:
The first period (the end of the 16-th century – 1900) – prescientific grammar;
The second period (20-th century)
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Until the 17th century the term "grammar" in English was applied only to the study of Latin.
William Lilly (1468-1522) – the author of the most popular Latin grammars written in English.
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Morphology: declinable and indeclinable parts of
speech (W. Bullokar) words with number and words without
number (Ben Jonson) words with number and case and words
without number and case (Ch. Butler)
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Beginning of the 18-th century - J. Brightland's grammar:
Four parts of speech: names (i. e. nouns), qualities (i. e. adjectives), affirmations (i. e. verbs) particles, which included the four so
called indeclinable parts of speech.
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Syntax:
the introduction of the notion "sentence“
Ben Jonson – English Grammar (1640)
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Dates back to the second half of the 18th century;
The most influential grammar – R.Lowth's “Short Introductionto English Grammar” (1762);The aim – to reduce the English language to rules and to set upa standard of correct usage
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Can ne subdivided into: The first period (from the beginning of
the 20lh century till the 1940's) – the prescriptive and the classical scientific grammar;
The second period (from the 1940's) – plus structural and transformational grammar
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J. C. Nesfield’ s grammar:
The sentence has four distinct parts: (1 ) the Subject; (2) Adjuncts to the Subject (Attributive
Adjuncts); (3) the Predicate; (4) Adjuncts of the Predicate
(Adverbial Adjuncts)
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C. T. Onions “Advanced English Syntax” (discuss the problems of the structure of English, there is a striking anticipation of thesentence patterns of descriptive linguistics)
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Otto Jespersen – author of scientific grammars of the classical type
His morphological system includes 5 parts of speech:
substantives, adjectives, verbs, pronouns (include pronominal adverbs ,
and articles) "particles" (in which he groups adverbs,
prepositions, conjunctions and interjections)
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Ch.Fries:
He classifies words into 4 "form classes", designated by numbers, and 15 groups of "function words", designated by letters.
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It is organized in 3 basic parts: 1. its syntactic component; 2. the semantic component; 3. the phonological component.
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1. www.wikipedia.org 2. www.krugosvet.ru 3. Blokh M.Y.. A Course in Theoretical
English Grammar. M., 2005
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