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Demersal Longline Fishing Procedures & Gear Trinidad longliner, 2005, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 482 http://www.worldwideseafoods.ca/fleet.html

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Introduction Demersal longlining is global Copyright 1999-2010 Michael Pidwirny

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Objectives Define demersal longlining & describe 1 potential impact Describe 3 components of demersal longline gear List 2 types of specialized equipment you may encounter Demonstrate ability to complete the Gear Description form

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What is demersal longlining? Hook & line gear uses bait to attract fish in on or near bottom Usually on continental shelf or slope Schoolmeester & Baker 2009

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What is demersal longlining? Hook & line gear uses bait to attract fish on or near bottom Usually on continental shelf & slope Primary targets: gadiiformes, sharks Cohen et al. 1990; FAO via http://www.fishbase.org/ http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/sharks/offshore.html

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What is demersal longlining? Hook & line gear uses bait to attract fish on or near bottom Usually on continental shelf & slope Primary targets: gadoids, sharks Bait = fish or squid depending on target

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What is demersal longlining? Hook & line gear uses bait to attract fish on or near bottom Usually on continental shelf & slope Primary targets: gadoids, sharks Bait = fish or squid depending on target Fishery impacts bycatch of seabirds, sharks, coral Nicolas Gasco F. Arocha Red snapper http://forums.floridasportsman.com/forum/ west-central-general-info/6-month-grouper- closier-2011 Lophelia II 2009: Deepwater Coral Expedition: Reefs, Rigs, and Wrecks

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Data collection priorities 1. Estimate effort for each gear deployment; 2. Identify every individual caught in subsample and estimate percent retained; 3. Collect biological information on target and other identified species as requested; 4. Record all sightings and interactions with marine mammals and sea turtles; 5. Record vessel and fishing gear characteristics.

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How is gear fished? Strategies http://flowergarden.noaa.gov/image_library /deepreefimages.html

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How is gear fished? Strategies Deployment (videos)

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How is gear fished? Strategies Deployment Retrieval Andy Murch, http://sharkdiver.wordpress.com/ B. Richardson 2005 SEASWAP John Bennett - http://sanaspiring.wordpress.com

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Gear components - overview Single line Double line

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Gear components - groundline Polyester longline; http://www.artisanalfish.com Monofilament longline; http://www.artisanalfish.com http://www.mustad-autoline.com

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Gear components - gangion Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997 http://www.mustad-autoline.com Photo: K. Dietrich 2010

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Snap (clip; www.leadertec.com) Swivels (Beverly 2009)

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Gear components - hooks

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Gear setting devices Autobiater Autoline system Setting tube http://www.beauline.com/mustadau toline.htm http://www.mustad-autoline.com/

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Gear components gear markers Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997

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http://williamsmarineltd.ca/Manfacturing.html http://store.vernondeon.com/

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Lead sphere ; www.seamar.net Concrete cylinders, Chilean longliner, K. Dietrich 2010 B. Richardson 2005

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http://ec21.com/

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Gear hauling devices Line hauler Groundline drum http://www.mustad-autoline.com/ http://www.qmarine.com

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Gear seabird mitigation Photo: Washington Sea Grant Davit / tori pole Australia Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry

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Gear seabird mitigation Streamer curtain Water cannon Drawings: BirdLife International - Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 12

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Gear Description Form

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Questions about gear or the gear form? Practice exercise Groups of 5-6 10 minutes to complete Gear Description Form Break 10 minutes Discuss exercise

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Gear Description Form Z007SLE00524 2 83 11 silver/gray Manline 2 n/a 1 Mustadcircle 16 / 0 stainless 0

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Gear Description Form Rocks 5.25 x x

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1

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Occasionally deployed a single streamer. Streamer consisted of 50m of 3- strand blue polypropylene line with packing straps inserted every 2 m. A small float (.3m diameter) was attached to the terminal end.

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Summary Describe the difference between demersal & semi-pelagic longlining What are the potential impacts of this fishery? Describe 3 components of demersal longline gear List 2 types of specialized equipment you may encounter on demersal longline vessels

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References Beverly, S. 2009. Longline terminal gear Identification guide - Draft. Submitted to the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, Scientific Committee, Fifth Regular Session, 10-21 August 2009, Port Vila, Vanuatu, WCPFC-SC5-2009/FT-IP-01, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Marine Resources Division, Coastal Fisheries Programme, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia. BirdLife International Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 11 (Version 1) BirdLife International Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 12 (Version 1) Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 10 (125). 442 p. Hanrahan, J., D. J. Melindy, and J. V. Pelrine. 1997. At-sea Observer Program Operations Manual: A Training Aid and Field Reference. National At-sea Fisheries Observer Program, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada. Michael Pidwirny & Scott Jones. 1999-2010. Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2 nd Edition) (e- book). University of British Columbia Okanagan. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/contents.html Schoolmeester, Tina and Elaine Baker (eds) 2009. Continental Shelf: The Last Maritime Zone. UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Norway. http://www.unep.org/dewa/pdf/AoA/Continental_Shelf.pdf Tietze, U.; Thiele, W.; Lasch, R.; Thomsen, B; Rihan, D. Economic performance and fishing efficiency of marine capture fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 482. Rome, FAO. 2005. 68p. http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y6982e/y6982e05.htm

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Misc photos http://www.frpboat.cn/fishing-2998.asp http://www.ecplaza.net/search/0s1nf20sell/tuna_longline_fishing_vessel.html Cuban longline vessel: FAO Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission. 2002