VARSHA JOSHI, IASDIRECTOR CENSUS OPERATIONS DELHI

23rd DECEMBER 2013

DELHIDemographics of a Capital City

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NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI

1483 sq km16.79 million residentsThree Municipal Bodies222 Rural Villages(of which 110 are Census Towns)

Nine Revenue Districts

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1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 20110

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

405,819 413,851

488,452 636,246

917,939 1,744,072

2,658,612

4,065,698

6,220,406

9,420,644

13,850,507

1,67,87,941

Population of NCT Delhi over time, from 1901 to 2011

Popu

latio

n

Census Year

4

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 20110

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

North WestNorthNorth EastEastNew DelhiCentralWestSouth WestSouth

District wise population, from 1961 to 2011Po

pula

tion

Census Year

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“THE SEVEN CITIES OF DELHI” Indraprastha c. 1450 BC Lal Kot c. 700-1000 AD

Qila Rai Pithora 1170 ADMehrauli 1192 AD

Siri c. 1300 AD Tughlaqabad c. 1330 AD Ferozabad 1354 AD Dilli Sher Shah 1540 AD Shahajahanabad 1639 AD

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7

8

9

10

11

12

13

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DELHI : 1881-1911 Part of Punjab province The walled city area was the

only urban settlement The Red Fort was a military

zone occupied by the British The rest was rural for all

practical purposes Shahadra/ Trans Yamuna area

was part of the United Provinces (Meerut Division)

Remained essentially unchanged till 1911

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Parts of the Delhi City 1881 1891 1901 1911

Walled City 170,000 195,000 206,000 229,000

Fort 3,000 3,000 2,000 3,700

Rural Area 178,000 180,000 198,000 181,000

POPULATION : 1881-1911

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1911 : THE CORONATION DURBAR King George V proclaims that

Delhi would henceforth be the capital of the Indian Empire

New Delhi and New Cantonment to come up in new locations south of the Walled City

King George V laid the foundation stone for New Delhi; the stone is now the base of the Jaipur Column in Rashtrapati Bhavan

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1911-1921 : DELHI UNDER CONSTRUCTION

The Civil Lines area grew rapidly, being the administrative capital for the country

Shahadra and the allied Trans Yamuna region was added in 1915, but was then treated as a rural area

Suburbs such as Sadar Bazar, Karol Bagh etc came up and became part of the Delhi Municipality

In New Delhi and New Cantonment, construction went on at great speed

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1921-1931 : EMPIRE AT ITS PEAK Walled City and its suburbs

comprise Delhi Municipality

New Delhi is a separate Municipality

Civil Lines, The New Cantonment, and Shahadra are each separate Notified Areas

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1931-1941 : WAR-TIME AND AN ABBREVIATED CENSUS Apart from Shahadra, three

new areas were treated as urban due to having a population above 5,000 and a high density- Mehrauli, Najafgarh, and Narela

For the first time, a sharp rise in total population was in evidence in all parts of the city

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Locality 1921 1931 1941Delhi Municipality 248,000 348,000 522,000Civil Lines & Red Fort 18,000 18,000 21,000New Delhi Municipality 31,000 65,000 94,000New Cantonment 6,000 9,000 23,000Shahadra 8,000 16,000Narela 8,000Mehrauli 6,000Najafgarh 6,000Rural 185,000 188,000 222,000Total 488,000 636,000 918,000

POPULATION : 1921-1941

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1947 : INDEPENDENCE AND PARTITION While Independence made Delhi the capital of free

India, it also led to the harrowing saga of Partition Refugees both from East and West Pakistan poured into

Delhi and were resettled in large numbers in newly carved residential areas

At the same time, generations-old residents of the walled city left Delhi for Pakistan

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1951 : DELHI, THE CAPITAL OF THE INDIAN REPUBLIC

The census count was 1.74 million, including 495,000 resettled persons

The urban area was increased by the addition in West Delhi of the new resettlement colonies of Karol Bagh, Patel Nagar and Rajendra Nagar

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1951-1961 : A MODERN PLANNED CITY In 1957, the Delhi Development

Authority was created “to promote and secure the development of Delhi”.

In 1958, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) was formed, merging all civic bodies except the New Delhi Municipal Council and the Delhi Cantonment Board.

The population as per the 1961 census was 2.66 million.

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1961-1971 : THE AGE OF DELHI MASTER PLAN (DMP) 1962

The DMP 1962 was designed for a population of 5 million by 1981. The count was 4 million in 1971.

The city grew southwards and eastwards, broadly in accordance with MPD 1962.

DDA acquired agricultural land for housing and other schemes; when all the land of a village was acquired, the village “abadi” stayed in situ and the village was notified as “urbanized”.

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1971-1981 : RISE OF THE CENSUS TOWNS The projection of the MPD 1962

was surpassed- the 1981 count was 6.2 million.

27 Census Towns- rural villages with urban characteristics- population above 5,000, density above 400 per sq km, and male workers more than 75% non agricultural- had developed on the fringes of the MCD urban area, providing cheap rental accommodation.

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1981-1991 : DDA HOUSING COMES UP DDA colonies in Saket and Kalkaji

were fully occupied

The sub-city of Rohini and the DDA colony of Vasant Kunj came up

Abadies of the “urbanised” villages near these colonies became densely populated and also commercialised

Two more rural villages became CTs

Population count in 1991 9.4 million

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1991-2001 : POPULATION OUTGROWS PLANNING

The Master Plan 2001, notified in 1990, had a projection of 12.8 million, but the actual count was 13.8 million in 2001.

‘Unauthorised colonies’ came up in a large number of rural villages and Census Towns on the fringes.

The no. of Census Towns rose from 29 to 59.

Construction began in Dwarka.

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DELHI IN 2011 The number of Census Towns

has gone up from 59 in 2001 to 110

Numerous large slum clusters such as Yamuna Pushta and those in NDMC have been removed.

Total Population is 16.79 million with a decadal growth rate of 21%

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1951-2011: AN URBAN POPULATION EXPLOSION

CENSUS YEAR

URBAN POPULATION URBAN AREA URBAN POPULATION DENSITY

PERSONS DECADAL GROWTH (%)

ABSOLUTE (SQ KM)

DECADAL GROWTH

(%)

PERSONS PER SQ KM

DECADAL GROWTH

(%)1951 1437000 107 201 15 7137 791961 2359000 64 327 63 7225 11971 3647000 55 446 36 8172 131981 5768000 58 592 33 9746 191991 8472000 47 685 16 12361 272001 12906000 52 925 35 13957 132011 16368899 27 1120 21 14584 4

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URBAN vs TOTAL POPULATION While the total population

growth from 2001 to 2011 is 21%, the urban population growth is 27%, indicating that Delhi has been urbanizing faster than it is growing in the past decade.

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 20110

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Total PopulationUrban Population

NCT DELHI

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POPULATION DENSITY While the total population

density has increased from 9340 to 11320, an increase of 21%, the urban density has only increased by 4% in the past decade.

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 20110

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000Urban DensityTotal Density

NCT DELHI

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A CITY MADE UP OF IN- MIGRANTS Urban Delhi has been a city of in-migrants since antiquity; its character

and culture evolves with the latest in-migrants, such as the Turks and Afghans in the pre Mughal era, the administrators and businessmen of British times, and the Punjab refugees and pan Indian Central Government employees after Independence.

In- migration from rural areas in search of work has been the major reason for the population explosion in Delhi since 1951. In 2001, 67.5% of migrants were from rural areas. About 60% of migrants came from UP and Bihar.

The percentage of migrants to the total population has, however, been steadily falling over the years.

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IN-MIGRANTS 1951-2001YEAR MIGRANT

POPULATIONTOTAL

POPULATION%AGE

1951 1,026,000 1,744,000 591961 1,638,000 2,658,000 621971 2,002,000 4,065,000 491981 2,970,000 6,220,000 481991 3,787,000 9,420,000 402001 5,950,000 13,850,000 43

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MIGRANTS BY PLACE OF LAST RESIDENCE AS PER CENSUS 2001

PLACE OF LAST RESIDENCE

%AGE OF IN-MIGRANTS

UTTAR PRADESH 40 BIHAR 19 HARYANA 8 UTTARANCHAL 5 RAJASTHAN 4 WEST BENGAL 4 PUNJAB 2 OTHERS 18

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HAS IN-MIGRATION SLOWED DOWN? The lower decadal growth from 2001 to 2011 may indicate lower

in-migration to Delhi. The overall sex ratio, which is usually on the lower side in large

urban centres due to male in migration, has increased significantly in the latest census figures from 821 to 868.

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011600650700750800850900950

1000

862

793

733722

715

768785

801 808827

821868

Sex Ratio (Females per thousand Males)

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