D.El.Ed. DIPLOMA IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Un.F¬.-F-Uv. … · 2 State Council of Educational...
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Untπma C≥ Fen - sa‚dn FPyp - t°- j≥ DIPLOMA IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Un.F¬.- F- Uv. ]mTy]≤Xn D.El.Ed. kwÿm\ hnZym- `ymk Kth- jW ]cn - io - e\ kanXn (SCERT) tIc- f- k¿°m¿ hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v 2018
Transcript of D.El.Ed. DIPLOMA IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Un.F¬.-F-Uv. … · 2 State Council of Educational...
Untπma C≥ Fen-sa‚dn FPyp-t°-j≥DIPLOMA IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Un.F¬.-F-Uv. ]mTy]≤Xn
D.El.Ed.
kwÿm\ hnZym- ymk Kth-jW]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT)
tIc-f-k¿°m¿
hnZym- ym-k-h-Ip∏v
2018
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State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala
Website : www.scertkerala.gov.in, e-mail : [email protected]
Phone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869
Typesetting and Layout : SCERT
© Department of Education, Government of Kerala
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\mj-W¬ Iu¨kn¬ t^m¿ So®¿ FPypt°-js‚ (NCTE) \n¿tZ-i-tØmsS Xbm-dm-°-s∏´ Fen-sa‚dn A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym- ymk ]mTy]-≤Xn 2014 Unkw-_¿ 1 apX¬ ]m_-ey-Øn¬ hcn-I-bp-≠m-bn. D.Ed (Diploma in Education)
F∂ Cu tImgvkns‚ \ne-hnse t]cv 2018˛19 A[y-b\h¿jw apX¬ D.El.Ed (Diploma in Elementary Education)
F∂m°n am‰nbn´p≠v. NCTE N -߃°\pkrX-ambn ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cn-®-n- p-≠v. ]cn-jvI-cn® ]mTy]≤Xn2018˛19 A[y-b\h¿jw apX¬ \S-∏m-°p-I-bm-Wv. inipkulrZ kz`m-h-tØmsS Fen-sa‚dn ¢mkp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v A[ym-]I hnZym¿Yn-Isf ]m]vX-cm-°p-I-bmWv CXns‚ ][m\ e£yw. B[p-\nI hnZym- ymka\»m-kvXw, hnZym- ym-k Z¿i-\-߃, t_m[-\-im-kvX-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ F∂nh CXns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bm-Wv.
`mhnkaqlw cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \ΩpsS ¢mkvapdn-I-fn-em-Wv. Hmtcm Ip´n-bp-sSbpw kaK hf¿®bv°pw A`n-cpNntaJ-e-Iƒ Is≠Øn hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ Ah-kcw e`n-°-Ww. kaq-lsØ Ne-\m-fl-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\pw kmaq-lnI CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ am\-hn-Ihpw ]Ir-Xn-°n-W-ßp-∂Xpw ]ptcm-K-a-\m-fl-I-am°p-∂-Xn-\pap≈ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ cq]-s∏tS≠Xv hnZym-e-b-Øn¬h®mWv. Xncn-®-dn-hp≈ hy‡nbpw kaq-lmw-K-hp-am-Im≥Hmtcm Ip´n°pw hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂v ]n¥p-W-bpw AwKo-Im-chpw t]m’m-l-\-hpw e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. HmtcmIp´n°pw kmaq-ly ˛ -imkvX[mc-W-I-tfmsS a\-»m-kvX-]-c-ambn Fßs\ ]n¥p-Wbpw ]T-\m-h-k-c-ßfpw Hcp-°n-s°m-Sp-°Wsa-∂-XmWv A[ym-]\Øns‚ ][m-\-sh-√p-hn-fn. A[ym-]\w Iebpw imkvX-hp-am-Wv. HmtcmIp´nbpw Hcp khn-tij hy‡n-bm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dn-thmsS hnZym¿Yn-Isf kao-]n-°m\pw Ah-cn-ep≈ Ign-hp-IƒAh¿°mhpw hn[w hf¿Øn-sbSp°m\pw GsX√mw [mc-W-Ifpw Ign-hp-I-fpw \ne-]m-Sp-I-fpw aqey-ßfpw Bh-iy-apt≠m Ah t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m\pw ]m]vX--cm-°pI F∂-XmWv ]ok¿hokv A[ym-]I]cn-io-e-\-Øns‚ e£yw. CuImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn. A[ym-]I hnZym-`ym-k- ]mTy-]-≤Xn cq]o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. kwÿm-\sØ A[ym-]I]cn-io-e\ ÿm]-\-߃ Cu ]mTy-]-≤Xn ^e-]-Z-ambn \S-∏m-°p-sa∂p ]Xo-
£n-°p-∂p.
tUm. sP. ]kmZv19.-06.-2018 UbdŒ¿Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw F-kv.kn.C.B¿.Sn.
BapJw
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D≈-S°wt]Pv \w.
1. A[ym]IhnZym`ymk ]mTy-]≤-Xn s]mXpkao]\w. ....... 7˛15
2. ]mTy]≤XnbpsS LS-\bpw D≈-S-°-hpw .........................16˛25
3. hn\n-abX¥-߃..........................................................26˛27
4. hnZym-e-bm-\p- h ]cn-]mSn ................................................28˛43
5. t_m[\imkvX-]-c-amb A]-K-Y-\hpwSo®nMv am\zepw ..............................................................44˛45
6. kaqlkº¿° Iymºv ..................................................46˛47
7. ]T-\-bmX........................................................................... 48
8. hne-bn-cp-ج ...............................................................49˛56
9. D≈-S°hni-I-e-\w
(F) ska-ÿ ˛ 1 ................................................ 57˛155
(_n) ska-ÿ ˛ 2 .............................................. 156˛260
(kn) ska-ÿ ˛ 3 .............................................. 261˛317
(Un) ska-ÿ ˛ 4 .............................................. 318˛355
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BapJw
s]mXp-hn-Zym- ym-k-Øn\v i‡-amb kzm[o-\-ap≈ tIc-f-Øn¬hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ KpW--\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p--ff ]mTy-]-≤Xn \ho-I-c-W-߃ XpS¿®-bmbn \S∂psIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv.\ne-hn-ep≈ ]mTy-]-≤Xn-bpsS A\p-`-h-߃ Ah-tem-I\wsNbvXv D≈-S-°hpw hn\n-a-b-X-¥-ßfpw Imtem-NnX-ambn ]cn-jvI-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv CXp \S-Øp-∂-Xv. C]-Im-c-ap≈ ]cn-jvIc-W߃°v A\p-]q-c-I-ambn mhn A[ym-]-Isc cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂A[ym-]IhnZym- ymk ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw ]cnjvIcn-°s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. Cs√-¶n¬ kmaq-ln-Ihpw hnZym- ym-k-]-chpw sXmgn¬]-c-hp-amb Bh-iy-ß-tfmSv e-]-Z-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°m-\p≈ tijnAXn-\n-√m-Xm-Ipw. Fen-sa‚dn L -Øn-ep≈ Ip´n-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, am\-kn-I-ti-jn-Iƒ, hnZym- ymk-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Zm¿i-\n-I-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ F∂nh Dƒs°m≠v ]T-\sØ kmaq-lnI]In-b-bmbn ImWp∂ \nc-¥-c-]-Tn-Xm-°fmb A[ym-]-I-sc-bmWv mhntIcfØn\v Bh-iyw.
A[ym-]IhnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ \ho-I-cWw˛Bh-iy-I-X
2013˛14 ¬ \S-∏m-°-s∏´ Un.FUv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn AXp-hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬\n∂p LS-\m-]-c-ambn hyXykvXX]pe¿Øp-∂ps≠-¶nepw 2014 se tPmbn‚ v dnhyq -an-j≥ AXn\vNne ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n- p-≠v. F≥.kn.-C.B¿.Sn. 2015¬ \S-Ønb ]T-\-Øn¬ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS D≈-S°w, ka-b-IawF∂nhbn¬ am‰w \n¿tZ-in-®n- p-≠v. F≥.-kn.-Sn.C. \n¿tZ-in® 100Znh-ksØ A[ym-]I]cn-io-e\w ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-
°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. ""tIc-f-Ønse A[ym-]IhnZym-`ymkw ˛Un.FUv. ]mTy-]-≤-Xnsb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ ]T\w'' F∂t]cn¬ Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn. 2017 ¬ ka-K-]-T\w \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]T-\-Ønse ][m-\-s∏´ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ C\n-∏d-bp-∂-hbm-Wv.
$ ]mTy-]-≤Xn \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ hnj-b-߃, ]h¿Ø-\-߃F∂nh \n›nX ka-b-Øn-\Iw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. e`y-amb ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ ^e-]-Z-ambn \S-Øm-\p≈ A°m-Z-anIkan-Xn-Itfm Bkq-XWkwhn-[m-\-ßtfm ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ ^e-]-Z-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂n√.
$ A[ym]I]cn-io-e\ tIµ-ß-fn¬ an°-Xnepw Bh-iy-amb`uXnIkuI-cy-߃, ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃ F∂n-h-bn-√.Ub-‰p-Iƒ Hgn-sI-, k¿°m¿ kzImcyÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-am-b-Xbpw A[ym-]-I-XkvXn-II-fn-√.
$ \nc-¥c aqey\n¿W-bw, bqWn‰v/tSw]-co-£-Iƒ, Ct‚¨jn∏v,hm¿jn-I-∏co£ XpS-ßnb hne-bn-cp-ج ]h¿Ø-\ßsf√mw e£y-Øn¬\n∂p hfsc AI-se-bmWv.
$ ]mTy-]-≤Xn\n¿h-l-W-Øn-\mbn Bkq-XnX ia-ßtfmtamWn-‰-dnMv kan-Xn-Itfm C√. ]h¿Ø-\-am-\-Io-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn \S-Øp∂ ]mIvSn-°¬ FIvkm-an-t\-j≥ t_m¿Uvkµ¿i\w Hcp Xncp-ج kt¶X-ambn amdp-∂n-√.
$ Ah-iy A-°mZanI[mc-W-Iƒ t\Sn-b, bph-Xz-Øn-te°p -
A[ym-]IhnZym- ymk ]mTy-]-≤Xns]mXpkao-]\w
A[ymbw 1
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]-th-in® ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v anI® A[ym-]-I¿°p th≠ at\m-`m-hhpw Ign-hpw hf¿Øm-\p≈ A\p- -h-ß-fmWv A[ym]IhnZym- ym-k-Øn-eqsS e`y-am-t°-≠-Xv. CXn\p klm-b-I-amb[mcWIƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw Ah Dd-∏m-°m-\p≈ A\p- -h߃\¬Ip-Ibpw thWw. [mcWIƒ°pw tcJ-Iƒ°pw AXp-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\p≈ ]co-£mX-¥-߃°pw IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw\¬Ip-Ibpw anI® A[ym-]-I-cm-hpI F∂ ]mY-anIe£ywth≠X ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-SmsX t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ A[ym-]\]cn-io-e\ (Teaching Practice) Øns‚ ]mtbm-KnIA\p- -h-߃ [mcmfw e`n-°m\pw kz¥w i‡nZu¿_-ey-߃ hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw t\Snb t_m[\imkvX [mc-W-I-fpsS ]mtbm-KnIXew hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw IqSp-X¬ kabwe`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A[ym-]\]cn-io-e\w h√-hn-t[-\bpw\SØn Xo¿°p-∂p-sh-∂-√msX e-]-Z-amb CS-s]-S-ent\mXncp-Ø-ent\m hnt[-b-am-°p-∂n-√. hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ sN∂vA[ym-]\]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn t\tS≠ A\n-hm-cy-amb [mc-W-Iƒ ssIh-cn-®√ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\p t]mIp-∂-Xv.
$ Cw•ojv aoUnbw ¢mkn¬ Fß-s\-bmWv ]T-\-]h¿Ø-\-߃ \¬tI-≠Xv F∂-Xns\°pdn®v A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ°v [mcW \¬Ip-∂n-√. Cw•o-jn¬ Bi-b-hn-\n-abw\S-Øm-\p≈ Bfl-hn-izmkw ]Tn-Xm-°-ƒ°p≠m-Ip-∂n-√.CXv ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v Cw•o-jn¬ khn-tij]n¥pW Dd-∏m°-Ww.
$ ]mTy-]-≤Xn \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ D≈-S-°w, AXns‚ hn\n-abwF∂n-hsb ]n¥p-W-bv°p∂ ssI∏p-kvX-I-߃, d -d≥kvkma-Kn-Iƒ F∂nh ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ e`y-a-√mØXn\m¬
So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿am¿°v ]Tn-Xm-°sf icn-bmbn \bn-°m-\m-hp-∂n-√.
$ Dƒt®¿∂ hnZym- ymkw (Inclusive Education) F∂ \ne-]mSvkzoI-cn-°mt\m ]tbm-Kn®v hni-I-e\w sNømt\m Bh-iy-amb ]n¥p-Wbpw Ah-k-chpw e`n-°p-∂n-√.
$ A[ym-]-IhnZym¿Yn Ahiyw t\Sn-sb-Sp-t°≠ A[ym-]-\-ss\-]p-Wn-Iƒ°v Du∂¬ sImSp-°p∂ ]T-\-co-Xntbm]mtbm-Kn-Im-\p- -h-ßtfm e`n-°p-∂n-√.
$ hnhchn\n-ab kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bn¬ ]mtbm-Kn-I-[m-c-WbpwA[ym-]-\-Øn¬ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈Ignhpw D≠m-Ip-∂n-√.
F≥.-kn.-Sn.C. am¿K\n¿tZ-i-߃
$ Fen-sa‚dn A[ym-]IhnZym- ymk tImgvkp-Iƒ \ne-hn¬]e- t]-cp-I-fn-emWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Ah C\n apX¬Un.F¬.-F-Uv. Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed) F∂dn-b-s∏-Spw.
$ c≠ph¿jw \o≠p\n¬°p-∂Xpw 400 ]hrØnZn\-߃ D≈-Xp-am-bn-cn-°Ww tImgvkv. ]co£mZn\-߃ CXn-\p-]p-dsaBbn-cn-°-Ww. HcpZnhkw 6 aWn-°q¿ F∂ tXmXn¬ 2400aWn-°q¿ BsI ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
$ A[ym-]I]cn-io-e\ ÿm]-\-߃ BgvN-bn¬ 36 aWn-°q¿]h¿Øn-°-Ww.
$ ]th-i\w \¬Ip-∂Xv tbmKyXm]co-£-bpsS am¿°ns‚ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]th-i\∏co-£tbm as‰-s¥-¶nepw ]th-i\\S-]-Sn-Itfm kzoI-cn-°m≥ kwÿm\k¿°mcpIƒ°v \b-]-c-amb Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
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$ tImgvkns‚ `mK-ambn 100 ]hr-Øn-Zn-\-߃ \o≠p\n¬°p∂ Ct‚¨jn∏v D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
$ Ct‚¨jn-∏n-\mbn Hmtcm ]cn-io-e\ÿm]-\-Øn\pw Iogn¬10 hnZym-e-ß-sf-¶nepw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. IqSmsX Hcp ÿm]-\-Øns‚ IqsS Hcp em_v kvIqsf-¶nepw ÿnc-ambn D≠m-hWw. CXn-\mbn hnZym- ymk Hm^o-k¿am-cpsS klmbwtXSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ ]cn -io -e\ÿm]-\-Øns‚ A°m-Z -anI Ie-≠dpwCt‚¨jn∏v \S-Øp∂ hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ A°m-Z-anI Ie-≠dpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏- p-t]m-Ip∂ Xc-Øn-emWv Xbm-dm-t°-≠Xv.
kvIqƒ ]mTy]≤Xn \ho-I-cWw
hnZym- ymkKpW-ta∑ e£ywh®p-sIm-≠p≈ ]mTy-]-≤Xn]cn-jvI-c-W-߃ 1997 apX¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. kmaq-ly-⁄m\\n¿anXnhmZ-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bp≈ Cu]cn-jvIc-W-ß-fpsS mK-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]T-\-X-¥-ßfpw kt¶-X-ßfpw A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ]mTy-]-≤Xnhn\n-abw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Ip´n-Isf hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw A[ym-]-I¿°p Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb tijn-Iƒ, [mc-W-Iƒ, at\m- m-h-߃ F∂n-h-bp≠m°p-∂-Xn\v mhn A[ym-]-Isc ]m]vX-cm-°m≥Ign-bp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww Cu ]mTy-]-≤-Xn. t_m[\imkvX-]-c-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp∂ \qX\amb Bi-b-ß-sfbpw ]T-\-hn-j-b-ß-fn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ ]pXnb am‰-ß-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°WwA[ym-]IhnZym-`ymk ]mTy-]-≤-Xn. kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-°pA[ym-]IhnZym- ymk ]mTy]≤-Xn-sbbpw A[ym]IhnZym- ymk]mTy-]-≤-Xn-°p kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-sbbpw kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Bb-Xn-\m¬ kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvIcWßfpw A[ym-
]IhnZym- ymk ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßfpw kam-¥-c-ambn\S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.
hnZym- ymk kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS hf¿®
kmt¶-XnIhnZysb Dƒt®¿Øp-sIm≠v hnZym- ymk]Inb AXn-thKw ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sIm≠ncn-°p-I-bm-Wv. s]mXphnZym- ymk taJ-e-bn¬ sslsSIv hnZym-e-b-ßfpw kvam¿ v ¢mkvdq-ap-Ifpw hym]n-∏n®v Ah-bpsS apJ-—mb am‰m≥ k¿°m¿ Xe-Øn¬ ia-߃\S-°p-∂p-≠v. `mhn A[ym-]Ikaqlw sF.kn.-Sn. D]-tbm-Kn®vt_m[-\-]-Inb \n¿h-ln-°m≥ ]m]vXn-bp-≈-h-cm-I-Ww. Bb-Xn-\m¬ D.El.Ed. ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ sF.kn.-Sn.°v A¿l-amb]m[m\yw \¬tI≠-Xp-≠v.
hnZym- ymk kmt¶-XnIhnZy sF.kn.Sn.bn¬ amXw HXp-ßp-∂-X√. ]T-\-]-In-b-bnepw amt\-Pvsa‚nepw uXnIkuI-cy-߃Hcp-°p-∂-Xnepw ]T-\-]-iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw kmt¶XnI-hnZy (Technology) D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.
]mTy-]-≤-Xn°p ]n≥_-e-ta-Ip∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
]mTy-]-≤Xn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn h¿Øn-°p∂ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ D.El.Ed. ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n´p≠v. t_m[\imkvX-]-chpw Zm¿i-\n-I-hp-amb ASn-Ø-d, P\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn¬ A[ym-]-IcpsS tdmƒ, A[ym-]Iss\]p-Wn-Iƒ, Dƒt®¿∂ hnZym- ymkw, Iem-Im-bnI ]hr-Øn-]-cn-NbhnZym- ym-kw, ]Tn-Xmh,v kaqlw XpS-ßnbhsb°pdn-®p≈ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ A[ym-]IhnZym- ymk ]mTy-]-≤-Xnsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]ca-]-[m\ßfmWv.
Adnhp \n¿an-°p∂ Ip´nA[ym-]IhnZym- ymk ]mTy-]-≤Xn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ ]T-\-sØ-°p-dn -®p≈ ImgvN-∏mSv -]-[m-\-am-Wv. c≠p Zi-I-ambn
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tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∏m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]mTy-]-≤XnIƒ kmaq-ly-⁄m\ \n¿an-Xn-hm-Z-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. kmaq-ln-I-ambA¥-co-£-Øn¬ Ip´n Adnhp \n¿an-°p∂p F∂ ImgvN-∏m-SmWvCXn-\p-≈-Xv. Ip´n-Iƒ XΩn-epw Ip´n-Ifpw A[ym-]-Icpw XΩnepwIp´n-Ifpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep-ap≈ sImSp-°¬ hmß-ep-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Adn-hp -\n¿an-°p-∂-Xv. A\p- -hm-[n-jvTn-X-amb A¥-co-£-Øn-emWv ]T\w \S-t°-≠-Xv. kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS][m\- ]-cn-K-W-\-Iƒ C\n-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.
$ Ip´n-bpsS ]Ir-Xw, ]T-\-]-Inb F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.
$ ]T\w P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb A¥-co-£-Øn-em-Wp -\-S-t°-≠Xv. Xnc-s™-Sp-°¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
$ Is≠-ج ]-T\Øn\v (Discovery Learning) ]m[m\yw\¬Ip∂p.
$ A\p- -hm-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-°Ww(Experiential) ]T\w.
$ k-l-]-T-\-Øn\pw kl-h¿ØnX ]T-\-Øn\pw Ah-k-cw.
$ kzbwhne-bn-cp-Øen\pw ]c-kv]chne-bn-cp-Ø-en\pwAh-kcw.
Ip´n-I-fpsS kmaq-ln-Ihpw _p≤n-]-c-hp-amb hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ,imco-cn-I-]-cn-an-Xn-Iƒ, ]T\sshI-ey-߃ F∂n-hsb kwt_m-[\ sNøp∂ Atß-b‰w am\-hn-I-amb ImgvN-∏m-SmWv kvIqƒ]mTy-]-≤Xn kzoI-cn-®n- p-≈-Xv. CX-\p-k-cn®v ¢mkn-ep≈ `qcn-`mKw Ip´n-Iƒ°pw hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ ]T-\-t\- -߃ ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ hnZym- ymke£y-߃ ]cm-Pb-s∏-Sp∂pF∂p hne-bn-cp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym-`ymkØneqsS kpÿnchnI-k\w ssIh-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv
\ΩpsS e£yw. cmjvS-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v kw`m-h-\-sN-øm≥Ign-bp-∂Xpw kz¥w \ne-bn¬ PohnXmtbm[-\-Øn\p ]m]vXn-bp-≈Xpamb Xe-ap-d-bmWv hnZym- ym-k-Øn-eqsS cq]-s∏- p-h-tc-≠-Xv. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]mTy-]-≤Xn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ A[ym-]-IscbmWv A[ym-]IhnZym- ym-k-Øn-eqsS cq]-s∏SptØ-≠-Xv.
Ime-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-cmb A[ym-]-I¿
]pXnb Imehpw kaq-lhpw A\p- -hn-°p∂ ]Xn-k-‘n-I-sfbpwDXv°-WvT-I-sfbpw adn-I-S-°m-\p≈ A\p-tbm-Py-hn-Zym- ym-k-amWv\ap°p th≠Xv. temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw a\p-jy≥ A\p- -hn-°p∂Ah-ÿ-Iƒ°p kam-\-X-I-fp-≠v. F∂m¬ ]Ir-Xn, Imem-h-ÿ,hn -h߃, c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w, kwkvImcw XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n LS-I-ß-ƒsIm≠v Hmtcm cmPyhpw AXn-\p-≈nse `q]-tZ-i-ß-fpwhyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Imew apt∂m´p t]mIpw-tXmdpw ]pXnb km[y-X-Ifpw ]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw hf¿∂phcp-∂p. ]Tn-t°-≠ -hn-j-bw,]Tn°p∂ coXn, ]T\kt¶-X-߃, ]T-\-hn-j-b-Øns‚ ]tbm-P\w F∂n-h-bn¬ am‰-߃ h∂psIm≠n-cn-°pw. am‰-Øn\p hnt[-bamIp∂ hnZym- ymke£yw, D≈-S-°w, coXn imkvXw F∂nha\- n-em-°m\pw AX-\p-k-cn®p kzbw \ho-I-cn-°m\pw Ign-bp∂A[ym-]-I-sc-bmWv \ap°p th≠-Xv. A[ym-]-I¿°v C\n-∏-d-bp∂ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ D≠mbn-cn-°-Ww.
$ `c-W-L-S\ apt∂m- p-h-bv°p∂ P\m-[n-]-Xyw, atX-X-c-Xzw,tkmjy-en-kw, imkvXo-b-a-t\m- mhw F∂nh hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ -tbm-Py-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sv.
$ kaq-l-am-‰-Øn\v hnZym- ym-k-Øn-eqsS t\XrXzw \¬Im\p≈Ignhv.
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$ Bfl-hn-izm-khpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jn-bpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
$ sXmgn¬]c-amb sshZKv[yw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v \nc-¥cw\ho-I-cn-°m\p≈ iaw.
$ hnZym-eb]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf P\m-[n-]-Xy-h¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ at\m- mhw.
$ Adn-hn-s\bpw Bibßsfbpw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn kao-]n-°p-Ibpw kz¥w \ne-bn¬ Bibcq]o-I-cWw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNø¬.
$ F√m kmaq-ln-I-hn- m-K-ß-sfbpw Ah-cpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈¬.
$ F√m Ign-hp-I-sfbpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw F√m-h¿°pw Ah-kcw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNø¬.
$ imco-cnI ˛ am\-knI ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿°vhy‡n-KX i≤bpw ]n¥p-Wbpw \¬I¬.
$ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw _u≤nI kmwkvIm-cn-I-X-e-߃ ]cn-K-Wn®v DNn-X-amb ]T-t\m-]m-[n-Ifpw X¥-ßfpw kzoI-cn-°¬.
$ kmt¶-Xn-IhnZy-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ Ip´n-I-fpsSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw hf¿®bv°pw hnIm-k-Øn\pambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ج.
A[ym-]-I -ss\-Xn-IX
A[ym-]-Isc kvt\lm-Z-c-ß-tfmsS amXw ImWp∂ ]mc-º-cy-amWv \Ωp-tS-Xv. a‰p sXmgn-ep-I-fn¬\n∂p `n∂-ambn A[ym-]-IcpsS Cu \ne Ah-cn¬ henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWv D≠m-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ss\Xn-I-X-bn-eq∂n \n∂p-sIm≠v kz¥w
sXmgn-ep-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne s]cp-am‰acy-mZ-Iƒ A[ym-]-I¿]men-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ip´n-I-fp-sS hnI-k\mh-iy-߃, Ah-Im-i-߃,a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ F∂nh ]men-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww CsX∂s]mXp-Im-gvN-∏m-Sn-ep-d®p \n∂p-sIm-≠m-Wv Cu hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-t°≠-Xv.
A[ym-]-Icpw hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w
$ kvIqfnse Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ ka-b-\n-jvT-]m-en-°p-I.
$ Bh-iy-amb aps∂m-c-p°-߃ \SØnb- tijw amXw ]T-\-]-Inb \S-∏m-°p-I.
$ PmXn, aX-w, enwKw, kmaq-lnI˛kmº-Øn-I-\n-e, mj F∂nh]cn-K-Wn-°msX F√m Ip´n-I-sfbpw kvt\l-tØmsSbpw ka-`m-h-\-tbm-sSbpw ImWp-I.
$ Ip´n-I-fpsS imco-cn-Ihpw _p≤n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw ss\XnI-hp-amb hnI-k-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip-I.
$ Hmtcm Ip´n-bp-sSbpw Bh-iy-߃ hyXy-kvX-am-sW∂p a\- n-em°n AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-I.
$ t_m[\w \n¿h-ln-°p∂-Xnt\m ]cn-lm-c-t_m-[\w \S-Øp-∂-Xnt\m Ip´n-I-fn¬ \n∂p ]Xn- ew ssI∏-‰mXn-cn°pI.
$ Ip´n-Isf kw_-‘n®v cl-ky-ambn kq£n-t°≠ hnh-c-߃]c-ky-s∏-Sp-ØmXn-cn-°p-I.
$ Ip´n-Iƒ XΩnepw Ip´n-Ifpw A[ym-]-Icpw XΩnepw Ip´n-Ifpw hnZym-e-bhpw XΩnepw AI¬®-bp≠m°p∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-SmXn-cn-°p-I.
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$ amXr-Im-]-chpw am\y-hp-amb thjw, mj, s]cp-am‰w F∂nh]men-°p-I.
$ A®-S-°-Øns‚ mK-ambn Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ ewLn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI.
ÿm]-\hpw Ip´n-Ifpw c£n-Xm-°fpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w$ c£n-Xm-°-fp-ambn kulm¿Zw hf¿Øp-I.
$ Ip´n-I-fpsS anI-hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw bYm-k-abw c£n-Xm-°sf Adn-bn-°p-I.
$ Ip´n-I-fpsS Bfl-hn-izmkw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn-bn¬ c£n-Xm-°-tfmSp ]cmXn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-I.
A[ym-]-I¿°v kaq-lw, cmjvSw F∂n-h-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w$ tZio-tbm-ZvK-Y-\-Øn\pw sFIy-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈
]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Inbm-fl-I-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°p-I.
$ hnZym-e-bw, kaq-lw, kwÿm-\w, cmjvSw F∂n-h-tbmSvIqdpw _lp-am-\hpw ]pe¿Øp-I.
$ C¥y-bpsS kwkvIm-csØ _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw Ip´n-I-fpsSD≈n¬ AXn-t\mSv A\p-Iqeat\m-`mhw hf¿Øp-IbpwsNøpI.
$ kaq-l-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb hn⁄m-\w, hnh-cw, ss\]p-Wn, at\m-`mhw F∂nh hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ a\p-jy-hn- hhnI-k-\-tI-µ-ambn hnZym-e-bsØ hf¿Øp-I.
kl]h¿Ø-I-cp-am-bp≈ _‘w$ kl-]-h¿ØI-cn¬\n∂p F]-Imcap≈ s]cp-am-‰-amtWm
\mw BK-ln-°p-∂Xv, AXp-t]mse kl-]-h¿Ø-I-tcmSvs]cp-am-dp-I.
$ kl-]-h¿Ø-I-sc-°p-dnt®m tae-[n-Im-cn-Isf°pdnt®m ASn-
ÿm-\-c-ln-X-amb Btcm-]-W-߃ D∂-bn-°mXn-cn-°p-I.
$ sXmgn¬]-c-amb hnI-k-\-Øn\p klm-b-I-amb C≥k¿hokv]cn-io-e-\-߃, skan-\m-dp-Iƒ, inev]-im-e-Iƒ apX-em-b-h-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I.
$ Ip´n-Iƒ, A[ym-]-I¿, tae-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, c£n-Xm-°ƒ F∂n-h-cpsS ap∂n¬ h®v kl-]-h¿Ø-I-sc-°p-dn®v tami-amb ]cm-a¿i-߃ \S-ØmXn-cn-°p-I.
$ ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-߃°p-th-≠n tae-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ,kl-]-h¿Ø-I¿ F∂n-h-cp-ambn ÿm]-\-Ønepw ]pdØpwkl-I-cn®p ]h¿Øn-°p-I.
$ Ip´n-I-fpsS \∑bv°pw ÿm]-\-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\pwBh-iy-amb hnh-c-߃ _‘-s∏´ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°pdnt∏m¿ v sNøp-∂-Xn¬ s]m -j-W-enkw ]men-°p-I.
A[ym-]I¿ sa‚¿am¿
P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb Hcp hnZym- ymkIa-Øn¬ kmaqlnI-t_m-
[w, Npa-X-em-t_m-[w, ka-\o-Xn-t_m-[w, kln-jvWpX, kl-I-
cW at\m- m-hw, am\-hn-IX apX-emb P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb \ne]m-
Sp-Iƒ D≈hcm-bn-cn-°-Ww A[ym-]-I¿. hnZym¿Ynsb hy‡n-]-
c-ambn i≤n-°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw
t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp sa‚¿ (Mentor) Bbn-cn-
°-Ww At±lw.
A[ym-]Iss\]p-WnIfpw at\m- m-hßfpw
hnZym- ym-ksØ P\-Io-b-am°p-Ibpw a\p-jy-Xz-h¬°-cn-°p-IbpwBkzmZyIcamb A\p- -h-am-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]In-b-bmhWw A[ym-]IhnZym- ym-kw. 12 h¿jsØ kvIqƒ hnZym-
13
`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb hnZym¿Ynsb A[ym-]\]In-b-bn-te°p]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-I-sb∂ ]InbbmWv A[ym-]IhnZym- ym-k-Øn-eqsS \S-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb Adnhpwat\m- m-hhpw ss\]p-WnbpamWv hnIkn∏nt°≠Xv.
1. kzX-¥-amb A[ym-]\ssien-bpsS hnImkw
\ne-hn¬ kzoI-cn-°-s∏- n- p≈ a\»mkvX-]-chpw Zm¿i\n-I-hp-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fn¬ Du∂n-\n-∂p-sIm≠v kzX-¥-amb A[ym-]\ssien hnI-kn-∏n-°pI F∂ e£yØneq∂p-∂-Xn\v]mTy]≤-Xn- \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. mhn A[ym-]I¿°v \qX-\hpw Kth-j-Wm-fl-I-hp-amb ]mtbm-Kn-Im-\p- -h-ßfneqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Im\pwkzX-¥-amb A[ym-]\ssien cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-b-Ww.CXn\p klmbIamb ss\]pWnIƒ B¿Pn°m\pw kzbwhnebncpØn sa®-s∏-Sm\pap≈ Ah-k-c-߃ ]ok¿hokv¢mkn¬ Dd-∏m-°pI F∂Xv ]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ][m-\-e-£y-am-Wv.
2. sXmgn¬]c-amb anI-hp-I-fpsS ]Im-i\hpw hym]\hpw
F√m hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-sSbpw kaKhnI-k\-Øn\v Du∂¬\¬Im\pw anIhpIƒ ]ISn∏n°m\pw ]T\]Inbbn¬Ahkc߃ krjvSn°Ww. imco-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihp-amb ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn®psIm≠vBhiy-amb ]n¥pW \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ tijnbp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°Ww A[ym-]-I¿. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb sXmgn¬]cambtijnIfpsS hnIk\Øn\v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ LSI߃ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
$ kvIqƒ ]n¥pWmkwhn-[m-\-ßsf°pdn-®v Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.
$ Hmtcm ]iv\hpw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v GtXXp Xe-ß-fn¬\n∂p klmbw e`n-°psa-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-WbpwAXp t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tijnbpw at\m- m-hhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.
$ kz¥w ]h¿Ø-\-߃ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw kzbw sa®-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pap≈ k∂-≤Xbp≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.
$ Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xpw s]m -j-W¬ hnImkwt\Sp∂Xpw kz¥w Npa-X-e-bm-sW∂p Xncn-®-dn-bp-I.
$ Bh-iym\p-k-cWw d -d≥kn\mbn hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-Øp-∂Xn-\p≈ tijnbpw at\m- m-hhpw B¿Pn°pI.
3. hn⁄m-\kºmZ\hpw ]mtbm-KnI amXr-I-I-fpsS
cq]o-I-c-Whpw
kvIqƒXeØnse F√m ]T-\-hn-j-b-ß-fn-epap≈ hn⁄m-\hpw]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bkq-XWw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ tijnbpw ][m-\-s∏- -Xm-Wv. CtXm-sSm∏w hnj-b-k-ao-]-\-߃, t_m[-\kn≤m-¥-߃, ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃, hnhchn\nab kmt¶-XnIhnZybpsS D]-tbmKw, ^e-]-Z-ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ `mjmss\]p-Wn F∂n-hbv°v ]tXyI ]cn-K-W\\¬tI≠-Xm-Wv.
4. t_m[-\-im-kvX-]-c-amb tijnbpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw
Xmsg Ipdn°p∂ LSI߃ ]cnKWn®psIm≠v t_m[\-imkvX]camb tijnIfpw at\m`mhßfpw hnIkn∏n°p∂Xve£y-am-t°≠-Xm-Wv.
$ ]mTy-]-≤Xnhn\n-a-b-Øn\v tbmPn® ]T\-km-a-Kn-Iƒ, ]T-\m-\p- -h-߃ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-Wbpw Ah Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ss\]p-Wnbpw.
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$ hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fpsS t_m[-\-co-Xn-Isf°p-dn®v ka-K-ambAdn-hv.
$ ]mT- m-K߃ Bkq-XWw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw khn-ti-j-amb coXn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂Xn\p≈Ignhv.
$ \n¿ZnjvS ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bkq-XWwsNbvXp \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tijn.
$ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS `n∂\ne-hmcw ]cn -K-Wn®psIm≠v]T\]h¿Ø-\-߃ cq]-s∏-SpØn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈tijn.
$ hnZym- ymke£y-߃, ]T-\-t\- -߃ F∂nhsb°p-dn-®p≈hy‡-amb [mcW.
5. hne-bn-cp-جtijnIƒ
\nc-¥chpw ka-K-hp-amb aqey-\n¿W-b-sØ-°p-dn®pw AXp \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kt¶-X-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw A[ym-]Ihn-Zym¿YnIƒ°v [mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI ][m-\-amWv. hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS kzbwhne-bn-cp-ج, ]c-kv]chne-bn-cp-ج F∂n-hbv°vAhkc-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xn\pw hne-bn-cpØen\ptijw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v ^oUv_m°v (Feed back) \¬Ip∂Xn\pap≈ tijnA[ym]IhnZym¿Yn B¿Pn-°-Ww. CtXm-sSm∏w Hcp A[ym-]-I≥/ A[ym-]nI F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ Fßs\ sa®-s∏-Sp-ØWw F∂Xp kw_-‘n® kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øen\pw Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-IWw. CØ-c-samcp ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS ssk≤m-¥nI ]T-\-Øn\pw ]mtbm-KnI ]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Hcp-t]mse ]m[m-\y-w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-ff Ah-k-c-߃ D≠m-I-Ww.
Dƒt®¿∂ hnZym- ymkw
hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ Hcp sNdnb hn`mKw `n∂-ti-jn-bp-≈-h-cm-Wv.Chsc ]cn-K-Wn-°mØ hnZym- ymk]≤Xn Imtem-Nn-X-a-√. n∂-ti-jn-bp-≈-h-cpw A√m-Ø-hcpw H∂n®p ]Tn-°p∂ Dƒt®¿∂hnZym- ym-k-amWv \mw hn`m-h\ sNøp-∂-Xv. n∂-ti-jn-bp-≈-h¿A\p- -hn-°p∂ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ, Ch¿°v Bh-iy-amb Dƒt®¿∂hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, Ch¿°m-bp≈ tZio-bhpwA¥¿tZ-io-b-hp-amb Ah-Im-i-kw-c-£W \nb-a-߃, `n∂-ti-jn-bp-≈-h¿°p th≠n-bp≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn, A\p-cq-]o-I-cW]h¿Ø-\-߃, n∂-ti-jn-bp-≈-hsc Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ [mc-W-Iƒ F∂nh B¿Pn® A[ym-]-I-k-aq-l-sØ-bmWv mhn-bn¬ Bh-iy-am-bn- p-≈-Xv.
A[ym-]\w ˛ Iebpw imkvXhpw
Z¿i-\-ß-fnepw t_m[\kao-]-\-ß-fnepw kw -hn-°p∂ ZpX-am-‰-߃°-\p-k-cn®v \nc-¥-c-amb At\z-j-W-߃ \S-Øm\pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb t_m[\kt¶-X-߃ kzbw hnI-kn-∏n-°m-\pap≈Kth-jWkwkvImcw B[p-\nIImesØ A[ym-]-I-cn¬ hnI-kn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬ A[ym-]\w Hcp imkvX-am-Wv. At\z-j-W-߃, ]T-\-߃ F∂nhhgn Xncn-®-dn-hp-IƒB¿Pn-°p-Ibpw kzbw \ho-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb-∂Xv A[ym-]-IcpsS A\n-hm-cy-amb Hcp s]m -j-W¬ ss\]p-Wn-bm-Wv.
sshhn-[y-am¿∂ A`n-cp-Nn-Ifpw Xm¬∏-cy-ß-fp-ap≈ Ip´n-I-fp-ambnlrZ-b-]q¿hw kwhZn-°p-I F∂Xv Hcp k¿K-]-In-b-bm-Wv.- mh-\m-fl-I-amb coXn-Iƒ Is≠Øn ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ k¿K-tijn A[ym-]-I¿°p-≠m-th-≠-Xp≠v. kwKo-Xw, NnXw,
15
A`n\bw, \n¿amWw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fnse Ip´n-I-fpsS cN\mtijn-Ifpw Bkzm-Z\ioe-ßfpw I≠-dn™v Xs‚ A[ym-]\CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ k¿Km-fl-I-am-°m≥ A[ym-]-I¿°v Ign-b-Ww.
hnZym-ebhnI-k\ ]≤Xn
hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ `uXn-Ihpw A°m-Z-an-Ihpw sshIm-cnIhpamb A¥-co-£w Imtem-Nn-X-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Bkq-XWw\S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. A[ym-]-I¿, c£n-Xm-°ƒ, Xt±i kzbw`c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃, ]mtZ-in-I-X-e-Øn-ep≈ hnZym- ymk]h¿Ø-I¿F∂n-h-cpsS Iq´mb ia-Øn-eqsSbmWv Cu Bkq-XW]Inb\S-tØ-≠-Xv. CXn-eqsS Hmtcm A[yb-\-h¿jhpw hnZym-ebhnI-k\ ]≤Xn (School Development Plan) Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ip´n-I-fpsS sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Ign-hp-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ah ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn
hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ e£y-an-Sp∂ A°m-Z-anI amÿ πm≥ HmtcmhnZym-e-bhpw s]mXpP\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS Xbm-dm°n \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXp-t]mse Øs∂ hnZym-e-bhpw ¢mkvap-dnbpw HcpSme‚ v em_mbn amtd-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\p≈ ImgvN-∏mSpw A\p- -hhpw A[ym-]-IhnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Dd-∏m-°pI ][m\amWv. kvIqƒA\p- h]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS kµ¿ -Øn¬ hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ \S-°p∂CØcw ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pIbpw Bh-iy-amb [mc-W-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
16
]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS LS-\bpw D≈-S-°hpwA[ymbw 2Hcp cmjvS-Øns‚ hnI-k\w Ahn-sS-bp≈ hnZym- ym-k-hp-ambn_‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Xpey-X-bn-e-[n-jvTn-Xhpw KpW-ta-∑-bp-≈XpwPohn-XImew apgp-h≥ \o≠p \n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX \mw Xncn-®-dn-™n- p-≠v. Cu e£y-tØm-sS-bp≈ Hcp hnZym- ymk]cn-]mSn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v Imtem-Nn-X-ambtijn-Ifpw ss\]p-Wn-Ifpw kzmb-Ø-am-°nb \nc-¥c ]Tn-Xm-°-fmb A[ym-]I kaqlw Bh-iy-am-Wv. kmaq-ly-\-∑sb e£ywh®v P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb at\m- m-h-tØmsS ]T-\sØ BÀm-Z-I-c-amb A\p- -h-am-°m≥ k∂-≤-X-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°Ww A[ym-]-I¿. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ A[ym-]-Isc cq]-s∏-SpØnsbSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym- ymk ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-°v B[p-\n-I-amb inip-a-\»mkvX [mc-W-I-fp-sSbpw hnZym- ymk Z¿i-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-Ø-d-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. CtXm-sSm∏w Fen-sa‚dn kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS hn\n-a-b-Øn\v ]m]vX-cm-°p∂ hnj-b-ta-J-e-IfpwkvIqƒ ]mtbm-Kn-I-\p- -h-ßfpw A[ym-]I hnZym- ymk ]mTy-]≤-Xn-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. ta¬∏-d™ Imcy-߃ \mep taJ-e-I-fn-embn Un.F¬.-F-Uv. ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS D≈-S-°-Øn¬hn\ykn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
taJe 1 hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ a\»m-kvX-]-c-amb ASn-Ød
taJe 2 hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw Ncn-X-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ASn-Ø-d, P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb hnZym-`ymkw, Dƒt®¿∂ hnZym-`ym-kw, hnZym-eb amt\-Pvsa‚ v, enwK-]-Zhn hnZym- ymkw.
taJe 3 kvIqƒ Xe-Øn-ep≈ hnhn[ hnj-b-߃, hnZym- ymkkmt¶-XnI hnZy, hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-XnI hnZyF∂n-h-bpsS ASn-Ø-d.
taJe 4 kvIqfpw sF.Sn.-C. bpambn _‘-s∏´ ]mtbm-KnIA\p- h ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ.
Cu taJ-e-IfpsS hym]vXn Xmsg∏d-bp-∂p.
taJe 1
taJe 1 ¬ Fen-sa‚dn Xe-Ønse ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS ]IrXw,a\-»m-kvX-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, hf¿®bpw hnIm-khpwF∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hnZym- ymk a\-»mkvXXØz-ßfpwAh-bpsS ]mtbm-KnI km[y-X-Ifpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.Ip´n-I-fpsS \ne-hm-chpw ]T-\-th-K-Xbpw hy‡n-Xz-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fpw ]cn-K-Wn®v ]T--\m-\p-`-h-߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn\v A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-Isf ]m]vX-cm-°p-I-bmWv CXns‚ Dt±-iyw. CXn-\mbn NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ D≈-S° taJ-e-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
1. inip-a-\-»mkvXw ˛ kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw
2. ]T-\hpw ]T-\-]-In-bbpw
3. hnZym- ym-ka\»m-kvXw - -]m-tbm-KnI A\p- -h-߃
taJe 2
Cu taJ-e-bn¬ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw kmaq-ln-IhpwNcn-X-]-c-hp-amb ASn-Ød, ]mTy-]-≤Xn cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw hn\n-a-b-Øn-ep-ap≈ P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏mSv, ]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p-∂-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-kw, KpW-ta∑bp≈hnZym`ymkw \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hnZym-eb amt\-Pvsa‚ v, enwK-]-Zhn hnZym- ymkw F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-\mbnXmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ D≈-S°taJ-e-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cn-°p∂p.
17
1. hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-
amb ASn-Ø-d.
2. ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw.
3. Dƒt®¿∂ hnZym- ym-khpw hnZym-e-b- kwLmS\hpw.
taJe 3
taJe aq∂pambn _‘-s∏-SpØn Fen-sa‚dn ¢mkp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fmWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AtXm-sSm∏w hnZym- ymk kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ tijn A[ym-]I hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ D≠m-°pI F∂ e£yw IqSn Dƒt®¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-\mbn NphsStN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ D≈-S°taJ-e-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
1. amXr- mj
2. Cw•ojv
3. KWn-X-imkvXw
4. ]cn-k-c-]-T\w
5. imkvX-]-T\w
6. kmaq-ln-I-imkvXw
7. Iemhn-Zym- ymkw
8. ]hrØn hnZym- ymkw
9. Btcm-Ky-Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw
10. hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-XnIhnZy
taJe 4
Cu taJ-e-bn¬ Ahiyw t\tS≠ ]mtbm-KnI A\p- -h-ß-fmWvDƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. BZysØ c≠v ska-Ã-dp-I-fn¬ ]T-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ a\-»m-kvX-]-chpw Zm¿i-\n-I-hp-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≠-Xns\ ]mtbm-KnI A\p- -h-ß-fp-ambn IÆntN¿°p∂ ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v Du∂¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂p. temh¿ss]a-dn-X-e-Ønepw A∏¿ ss]a-dn-X-e-Ønepw IqSn 100 Znh-ksØ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ kvIqƒ A\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, 15 Znh-ksØ kaq-l-k-º¿° kl-hmkIymºv, ]T-\-bmX F∂nhbpw CXn-\mbn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Cu \mep-ta-J-e-I-fnse D≈-S°w \mep ska-Ã-dp-I-fn-embn Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
D.El.Ed tImgvkv ska-ÿ coXn-bn-emWv Iao-I-cn-®n-´p-f-f-Xv.c≠ph¿jw ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ tImgvkn\v \mep ska-Ã-dp-I-fmWvD≈-Xv. H∂v, aq∂v ska-Ã-dp-Iƒ Pq¨ apX¬ HIvtSm-_¿hscbpwc≠v, \mev ska-Ã-dp-Iƒ \hw-_¿ apX¬ am¿®v hscbpw BWv\S-°p-I. Hmtcm ska-Ã-dn-s‚bpw LS-\, Df-f-S-°w, kvtIm¿hnX-c-Ww, ka-b-I-ao-I-cWw F∂nh kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-߃ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.
18
ska-ÿ ˛ 1 (S1)H∂mw ska-Ã-dnse t]∏-dp-I-fpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃H∂mw ska-Ã-dn¬ BsI HºXv t]∏-dp-I-fmWp≈-Xv. F√m t]-∏-dp-Iƒ°v \nc-¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-bhpw c≠v t]∏-dp-Iƒ°v s]mXp]-co-£bpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. t]∏dpIfpsS t]cpw kvtImdns‚ hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw ]´n-I-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
H∂mw ska-ÿ (S1) t]∏-¿ ˛ kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-߃
t]∏¿ t]∏-dns‚ t]cv kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-߃
\º¿ \nc-¥-c- s]mXp BsI Ct‚
hn-e-bn-cp-ج ]co£ ¨jn∏v(CE) (TE)
101 hnZym- ymk a\-»mkvXw ˛ 20 70 90 -˛
kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw
102 hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw 20 70 90 ˛kmaq-ln-I-hpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-ambASn-Ød
103 ae-bmfw ˛ `mjbpw Ip´nbpw 10 -˛ 10 10
104 Proficiency in English Language 10 -˛ 10 5
105 KWnXw˛]T\hpw t_m[\hpw (I) 10 -˛ 10 5
106 ]cn-kchpw ]T-\hpw 20 ˛ 20 5
107 hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy (ICT). 10 ˛ 10 ˛km[y-X-Ifpw ]tbm-Khpw
108 Ie, ]hr-Øn- hn-Zym- ymkw˛
kao]\hpw ]tbmKhpw 10 -˛ 10 10
109 Btcm-Ky- Im-bnIhnZym`ymkw 10 ˛ 10 5
BsI 120 140 260 40
BsI 300
H∂mw ska-ÿ (S1) ˛ t]∏-dp-Iƒ
101 hnZym- ymka\»mkvXw ˛ kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw(Educational Psychology - Theory and Practice)
102 hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw NcnX--]-c-hp-amb ASn-Ød(Philosophical, Sociological and Historical Foundations of Education)
103 ae-bmfw ˛ `mjbpw Ip´nbpw(Malayalam - Language and Child)
104 Proficiency in English Language.
105 KWn-Xw ˛ ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw (I)
(Learning and Teaching of Mathematics (I))
106 ]cn-k-chpw ]T-\hpw(Environment and Learning)
107 hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-XnIhnZy (sF.kn.-Sn) km[y-X-Ifpw]tbm-Khpw(Scope of Information and Communication Technology and its
applications)
108 Ie, ]hr-Øn- hn-Zym- ymkw ˛ kao]\hpw]tbmKhpw.(Art Education, Work Education - Approaches and Applications)
109 Btcm-Ky- Im-bnI hnZym`ymkw(Health and Physical Education)
Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw Ct‚¨jn∏v kvtIm¿ 5 hoXw BsI 50 kvtIm¿ Bbn-cn°pw
19
t]∏¿ \º¿ 101, 102, F∂nhbv°v H∂mw skaÃdn¬ 70 kvtIm¿hoXw s]mXp]-co-£ D≠m-bn-cn°pw. CXn\p ]pdsa kvIqƒ A\p-`h]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS `mK-ambn \n¿ZnjvS hnj-b-߃°v \n›nXkvtIm¿ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
H∂mw ska-Ã-dnse BsI\nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-ج (kn.C.) kvtIm¿ : 120
H∂mw ska-Ã-dnse BsI s]mXp]co£ (Sn.C.) kvtIm¿ : 140
H∂mw ska-Ã-dnse kvIqƒA\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpsS (Internship) kvtIm¿ : 40
H∂mw ska-Ã-dnse BsI kvtIm¿ : 300
inev]-ime
H∂mw ska-Ã-dnse kvIqƒ A\p- -h-]-cn-]mSn°v 40 kvtIm¿ D≠v.Hmtcm hnj-b-hpambn _‘-s∏-SpØn \¬In-bn- p≈ ]´n-I-bn¬\n∂pw Hmtcm C\-amWv kvIqƒ A-\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpsS mK-ambnsNtø-≠Xv. ae-bm-fw, C‚tKj-≥, Cw•ojv, KWnXw, ]cn-k-c-]-T\w, IemhnZym- ymkw, ]hrØn hnZym- ymkw, BtcmKy ˛ImbnI hnZym- ymkw F∂o F v hnjb-߃°v kvIqƒ A\p`h]cn]mSnbpsS `mKambn A©v kvtIm¿ hoXw D≠mbncn°pw.CXns‚ hni-Zmw-i-߃ AXXv hnj-b-Øns‚ inev]-im-ebn¬h®v Xocp-am-\n°Ww. CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ t]Pv31 ¬ sImSp-Øn- p-≠v.
Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw A\p-h-Zn°mhp∂ ka-b-Iaw Nph-sS-bpff]´n-I-bn¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂p.
BgvN-bn¬ 30 aWn-°q¿ dKp-e¿ ]ncoUp-Iƒ°pw 6 aWn-°q¿ inev]-im-e-Iƒ°pw am‰n- hbvt°-≠-Xm-Wv.
PaperNo
Paper NameHrs in a
SemHrs for
WorkshopTotalHours
ApproximateHours in a
week
101 hnZym-`ymk a\-»mkvXw˛kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw 85 10 95 5
102 hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hpw 85 10 95Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb ASn-Ød
103 ae-bmfw˛`mjbpw Ip´nbpw 65 10 75 4
104 Proficiency in English
language 65 10 75 4
105 KWnXw ˛ ]T\hpw
t_m[\hpw (I) 65 10 75 4
106 ]cn-kchpw ]T-\hpw 65 10 75 4107 hnh-c-hn-\n-abkmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy
(sF.kn.Sn.)˛km[y-X-Ifpw]tbm-Khpw 25 10 35 2
108 Ie, ]hr-Øn- hn-Zym- ymkw˛ 20 10 30 2kao-]-\hpw ]tbmKhpw
109 Btcm-Ky-˛Im-bnIhnZym`ymkw 10 5 15 1
Total 485 85 570 30
Internship 30
Grand Total 600
4
ka-b-I-ao-I-cW∏´nI (S1)
20
c≠mw ska-ÿ (S2)
201 hnZym`ymk a\»mkvXw ˛ ]T-\hpw ]T-\-]-In-bbpw
(Learning & Learning Process in Educational Psychology )
202 ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-Zym- ym-khpw
(Curriculum and Democratic Education)
203 ae-bmfw˛`mjm-]T\hpw t_m[\hpw
(Malayalam - language Learning & Teaching)
204 Theory and Practice of English Language Teaching
205 KWnXw - ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw (II)
(Learning and Teaching of Mathematics (II)
206 imkvX-hnZym- ymkw (Science Education)
207 hnhc hn\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZybpw ]T\ t_m[\ ]In-b-bpw (Information communication technology and Teaching Learning
process)
208 Ie-, ]hrØn hnZym`ymkw ˛ t_m[\imkvXw (Pedagogy
of Art Education & Work Education)
209 Btcm-Ky- Im-bnI hnZym`ymkw (Health & Physical Education)
210 kmaq-ly-im-kvXw ˛ ]T-\hpw t_m[-\hpw- (I) (Learning and
Teaching of Social Science (I))
t]∏¿ \º¿ 201, 202, 208, F∂n-h-bv°mWv s]mXp]co-£-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I. hnhc hn\n-ab kmt¶-XnI hnZybv°v (t]∏¿ 207)60 kvtImdn\v ]mtbm-KnI ]co£ D≠mbn-cn-°pw. CXn\p ]pdsakvIqƒ A\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpsS mK-ambn \n¿ZnjvS hnjb߃°v\n›nX kvtIm¿ hoXw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.c≠mw ska-Ã-dnse BsI \nc-¥ckvtIm¿ hne-bn-cp-ج (kn.C.) : 120c≠mw ska-Ã-dnse BsI s]mXp]-co£ : 260(Sn.-C.) kvtIm¿kvIqƒ A\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpsS kvtIm¿ : 40BsI kvtIm¿ : 420
c≠mw ska-Ã-dnse t]∏-dp-I-fpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃c≠mw skaÃdn¬ BsI ]Øp t]∏-dpIfmWp≈Xv. F v hnj-b-߃°v
\nc-¥chne-bn-cp-ج D≠mbncn-°pw. \mev t]∏-dp-Iƒ°v s]mXp-]-co-
£ D≠m-bn-cn°pw. hnhchn\nabkmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy°v ]mtbmKnI
]co£bmbncn°pw. t]∏-dpI-fpsS t]cpw kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw ] n-
I-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. H∂mw ska-Ã-dn¬ s]mXp ]co-£-bn-√m-Ø
t]∏-dp-I-fpsS D≈-S°w c≠mw ska-Ã-dnse _‘-s∏´ t]∏-dp-I-fpsS
s]mXp]co-£-bpsS `mK-ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.
c≠mw ska-ÿ (S2) t]∏-¿ ˛ kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-߃
kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-߃t]∏¿ \nc-¥-c- Xnbdn BsI Ct‚\º¿ t]∏-dns‚ t]cv hn-e-bn-cp-ج ]co£ ¨jn∏v
(CE) (TE)
201 hnZym`ymk a\»mkvXw ˛ ]T-\hpw]T-\-]-In-bbpw 20 70 90 ˛
202 ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw P\m-[n-]Xy 20 70 90 ˛hnZym`ym-khpw
203 ae-bmfw˛`mjm-]T\hpw 10 ˛ 10 5t_m[\hpw
204 Theory and practice of English 10 ˛ 10 5Language Teaching
205 KWnXw ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw (II) 10 ˛ 10 5206 imkvX-hnZym-`ymkw 20 ˛ 20 5207 hnhn-c-hn-\n-a-b-km-t¶-XnI hnZybpw -˛ 60 60 ˛
]T\t_m[\ ]In-bbpw(]mtbmKnI ]co£)
208 Ie, ]hr-Øn- hn-Zym- ymkw - ˛ 60 60 10t_m[\imkvXw
209 Btcm-Ky- Im-bnI hnZym`ymkw 10 ˛ 10 5
210 kmaq-ly-imkvXw ˛]T-\hpw 20 ˛ 20 5t_m[\hpw I
BsI 120 260 380 40
BsI 420
ska-ÿ ˛ 2 (S2)
21
inev]-imec≠mw ska-Ã-dnepw kvIqƒ A\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn°v 40 kvtIm¿ D≠m-bn-cn°pw. CXns‚ Xbm-sd-Sp∏v H∂mw ska-Ã-dns‚ AtX amXr-I-bn¬ inev]-im-e-I-fn¬ h®v \S-Ø-Ww.c≠mw ska-Ã-dnse Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw \o°n-hbv°m-hp∂ka-b-Iaw ]´n-I-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
BgvN-bn¬ 30 aWn-°q¿ dKp-e¿ ]nco-Up-Iƒ°pw 6 aWn-°q¿inev]-im-e-Iƒ°pw am‰n-h-bvt°-≠-Xm-Wv.
ka-b-I-ao-I-cW∏´nI (S2)
ska-ÿ ˛ 3 (S3)
aq∂mw ska-Ã-dnse t]∏-dp-I-fpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃ aq∂mw ska-Ã-dn¬ BsI HºXv t]∏-dp-I-fmWp≈-Xv. \mevhnj-b-߃°v \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-ج D≠mbn-cn°pw. aq∂v t]∏-dp-Iƒ°v s]mXp]-co£ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. H∂v,~c≠v skaÃdp-Ifn¬s]mXp ]co£bn√mØ t]∏dpIfpsS D≈S°w aq∂mw skaÃdnse_‘s∏´ t]∏dpIfpsS s]mXp ]co£bpsS `mK-ambnDƒs∏SpØp∂XmWv. t]∏¿ \º¿ 307 \v ]tbmKnI A\p`hßfpsSinev]-im-e-Iƒ amXw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv .-t]-∏-dpI-fpsS t]cpwkvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw ]´n-I-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-߃t]∏¿ \nc-¥-c- Xnbdn BsI Ct‚\º¿ t]∏-dns‚ t]cv hn-e-bn-cp-ج ]co£ ¨jn∏v
(CE) (TE)
301 hnZym- ymka\-»mkvXw ˛]mtbm-KnI 10 ˛ 10
A\p- -h-߃ ˛ (I)
302 Dƒt®¿∂ hnZym`ymkhpw 20 ˛ 20 ˛
hnZymeb kwLmS\hpw
303 ae-bmf `mjm-[ym-]\w ˛ kao-]-\hpw -˛ 80 80 40
coXnbpw
304 Teaching competence ˛ 80 80 20
in English language
305 KWnXw ˛ ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw (II) 10 ˛ 10 20
306 ]cn-k-c-]-T\w ˛ ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw 20 ˛ 20 20
307 hnhchn\nab kmt¶XnI hnZy ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛
]mtbmKnI A\p`h߃
308 Iem ]hrØn hnZym`ymkØns‚
Bkq-X-Whpw \n¿h-l-W-hpw˛ -˛ ˛ ˛ 20
F¬.-]n.-Xew
309 Btcm-Ky Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw -˛ 60 60 10
BsI 60 220 280 130
BsI 410
PaperNo
Paper Name Hrs. ina Sem.
Hrs. forWorkshop
TotalHours
ApproximateHours ina week
201 hnZym`ymk a\»mkvXw 65 10 75 4˛]T-\hpw ]T-\-]-In-bbpw
202 ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw P\m-[n-]Xy 65 10 75 3hnZym`ymkhpw
203 ae-bmf `m-jm-[ym]\w ˛ 60 10 70 4kao]\hpw coXnbpw
204 Theory and Practice of 60 5 65 4English Language Teaching
205 KWnXw ]T\hpw 65 10 75 4t_m[\hpw (II)
206 imkvX-hnZym-`ymkw 65 10 75 4207 hnh-c-hn-\n-abkmt¶-XnIhnZybpw
]T-\-t_m-[\ ]In-bbpw 10 5 15 1208 Ie, ]hr-Øn- hn-Zym- ymkw˛ 20 10 30 1
t_m[\imkvXw
209 Btcm-Ky-˛Im-bnI hnZym-`ymkw 10 5 15 1
210 kmaq-ly-imkvXw ˛]T-\hpw 65 10 75 4t_m[-\hpw (I)
Total 485 85 570 30
Internship 30
Grand Total 600
22
aq∂mw ska-ÿ (S3) t]∏-dp-Iƒ
301 hnZym- ymk a\»mkvXw˛]mtbm-Kn-I- A-\p- -h-߃ (I)
(Educational Psychology - Practical experiences (I))
302 DƒtN¿∂ hnZym`ymkhpw hnZymeb kwLmS\hpw(Inclusive Education and School Organisation)
303 ae-bmf `mjm-[ym-]\w ˛ kao-]-\hpw coXnbpw
(Malayalam language teaching - Approaches and methods)
304 Teaching competence in English language
305 KWnXw˛ ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw (III)
(Learning & Teaching of Mathematics (III))
306 ]cn-k-c-]-T\w ˛ ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw
(Learning and Teaching of Environmental Studies)
307 hnhchn\nab kmt¶XnI hnZy ]mtbmKnI A\p`h߃
(Practical Experiences in ICT)
308 Ie, ]hrØn hnZym`ymkØns‚ Bkq-X-Whpw
\n¿h-lW-hpw - F¬.]n. Xew
(Planning and Execution of Art and Work Education - L.P).
309 Btcm-Ky-- Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw
(Health & Physical Education).
t]∏¿ \º¿ 303, 304, 309, F∂n-hbv°mWv s]mXp]-co£ D≠m-bn-cn-°pI. CXn¬ t]∏¿ 309 \v 60 kvtImdpw a‰p-t]-∏-dp-Iƒ°v 80 kvtIm¿ hoX-hp-am-bn-cn°pw.
aq∂mw ska-Ã-dnse kvIqƒ A\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn°v 130 kvtIm¿D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. hni-Zmw-i-߃ A[ymbw \men¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≠v.
aq∂mw ska-Ã-dnse BsI \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-ج (kn.C.) kvtIm¿ : 60
aq∂mw ska-Ã-dnse BsI s]mXp]co£ (Sn.C.) kvtIm¿ : 220
kvIqƒ A\p- h]cn-]mSn : 130
BsI kvtIm¿ : 410
aq∂mw ska-Ã-dnse Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw A\p-h-Zn°mhp∂ ka-b-Iaw ]´nI-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
ka-b-I-ao-I-cW∏´nI (S3)
PaperNo
Paper Name Hrs. ina Sem.
Hrs forWorkshop
TotalHours
ApproximateHours in a
week
301 hnZym-`ymk a\-»mkvXw˛ 5 0 5 1]tbm-KnI A\p- -h-߃ (I)
302 Dƒt®¿∂ hnZym`ymkhpw, 50 10 60 5hnZymeb kwLmS\hpw
303 ae-bmf `mjm[ym]\w ˛ 45 10 55 5
kao-]-\hpw coXnbpw
aq∂mw ska-ÿ (S3) t]∏-¿ ˛ kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-߃
23
304 Teaching competence in 40 10 50 5English Language
305 KWnXw ]T\hpw 40 10 50 5t_m[\hpw II
306 ]cn-k-c-]-T\w ˛ ]T\hpw 40 10 50 5 t_m[\hpw
307 hnhchn\nab kmt¶XnI hnZy 0 15 15 1]mtbmKnI A\p`h߃
308 Ie ]hr-Øn-]T-\-¢m-kp-I-fpsS 15 10 25 2Bkq-X-Whpw\n¿h-l-Whpw -˛F¬.-]n.-Xew
309 Btcm-Ky-˛Im-bnI hnZym-`ymkw 15 5 20 1
BgvN-bn¬ 30 aWn-°q¿ dKp-e¿ ]ncoUp-Iƒ°pw 6 aWn-°q¿inev]-im-e-Iƒ°pw am‰n-h-bv°mhp-∂-Xm-Wv.
ska-ÿ ˛ 4 (S4)
t]∏-dp-I-fpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃
\memw ska-Ã-dn¬ BsI F v -t]-∏-dp-I-fmWp≈-Xv. Bdv t]∏dp-Iƒ°v \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Øepw aq∂v t]∏-dp-Iƒ°p s]mXp-]-co-£bpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw.
t]∏¿ \º¿ 405, 406, 410 F∂n-hbv°v s]mXp]-co-£-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. t]∏¿ \º¿ 405 \v 80 kvtImdpw, 406, 410 F∂n-hbv°v 70kvtImdpw Bbn-cn-°pw. t]∏-dp-I-fpsS t]cpw kvtImdp-Ifpw ]´n-I-bn¬ tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
ap≥ sk-a-Ã-dp-I-fnse D≈-S°w \memw ska-Ã-dnse t]∏-dp-I-fmb 405, 406, 410 F∂o t]∏-dp-I-fpsS `mK-ambn s]mXp ]co-£-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.
PaperNo
Paper Name Hrs. in aSem.
Hrs. forWorkshop
TotalHours
ApproximateHours in a
week
Total 250 80 330 30
Internship 270
Grand Total 600
24
\memw ska-ÿ (S4) t]∏-dp-Iƒ-
401 hnZym- ymk a\»mkvXw˛]mtbm-Kn-Im-\p- -h-߃ ˛ II
(Educational Psychology - Practical experiences - II
403 ae-bmfw - hnZymeb A\p`hhpw aqey-\n¿W-bhpw
(Malayalam- School Experiences and Evaluation)
404 Professional Development of English Teacher
405 KWnXw ˛ ]T-\hpw t_m[-\hpw (IV)
(Learning & Teaching of Mathematics (IV))
406 imkvX-hn-Zym- ymkw ˛ ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw
(Learning & Teaching of Science Education)
408 Ie, ]hrØn hnZym`ymkØns‚
Bkq-X-Whpw \n¿hl-Whpw ˛ bp.]n. Xew
(Planning and Execution of Art and Work Education - U.P ).
409 BtcmKy ImbnI hnZym- ymkw
(Health & Physical Education)
410 kmaqlyimkvXw ˛ ]T\hpw t_m[\hpw (II)
(Learning & Teaching of Social Science (II))
\memw ska-Ã-dnse kvIqƒ A\p- h]cn-]m-Sn°v 130 kvtIm¿
D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. hni-Zmw-i-߃ A[ymbw 4 ¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≠v.
kaql kº¿° kl-hm-k-Iym-ºv, ]T-\-bmX F∂nh Cu
skaÃ-dn-emWv hnebn-cp-Øp-I.
\memw ska-ÿ (S4) t]∏-¿ ˛ kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-߃
t]∏¿ kvtIm¿ hni-Zmw-i-߃
\º¿ t]∏-dns‚ t]cv \nc-¥-c- Xnbdn Ct‚
hn-e-bn-cp-ج ]co£ BsI ¨jn∏v
(CE) (TE)
401 hnZym-`ymk a\»mkvXw 10 ˛ 10 ˛]mtbm-KnIm\p-`-h-߃˛ II
403 ae-bmfw ˛ hnZymeb A\p`hhpw 10 ˛ 10 20aqey-\n¿W-bhpw
404 Professional development of 10 ˛ 10 20English Teacher
405 KWnXw ˛ ]T-\hpw ˛ 80 80 20t_m[-\hpw (IV)
406 imkvX-hnZym-`ymkw˛ ]T-\hpw 10 70 80 20t_m[-\hpw
408 Ie, ]hrØn hnZym`ymkØns‚Bkq-X-Whpw \n¿h-l-Whpw˛ bq.]n Xew 10 ˛ 10 20
409 BtcmKy ImbnI hnZym- ymkw ˛ ˛ ˛ 10410 kmaq-ly-im-kvXw ˛ ]T-\hpw 10 70 80 20
t_m[-\hpw (II)
kaqlkº¿°kl-hmk Iymºv ˛ 40
]T-\-bmX ˛ 20
BsI 60 220 280 190
BsI 470
25
\memw ska-Ã-dnse BsI \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-ج : 60\memw ska-Ã-dnse BsI s]mXp]co£(Sn.C.) kvtIm¿ : 220kvIqƒ A\p- h ]cn-]mSn, Iymºv, ]T-\-bmX: 190BsI kvtIm¿ : 470\memw ska-Ã-dnse Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw A\p-h-Zn® ka-b-Iaw]´nI-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.ka-b-I-ao-I-cW∏´nI
BgvN-bn¬ 30 aWn-°q¿ dKp-e¿ ]ncoUp-Iƒ°pw 6 aWn-°q¿inev]-im-e-Iƒ°p-ambn am‰n-h-bvt°-≠-Xm-Wv.
Ipdn∏v
(1) _‘-s∏´ hnj-b-Øns‚ \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-en\v \n›-bn®kvtImdns‚ 50% ÿm]\ Xe-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂ Ct‚-W¬FgpØv ]co-£-bpsS(ESA-End Semester Assessment)
kvtImdn\v B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. ]kvXpX ]co-£-bpsS tNmZy-°-S-emkv AXXv ska-Ã-dn¬ \¬tI-≠-Xns‚Npa-Xe Pn√-I-fnse ]co£ kan-Xn-°m-bn-cn-°pw.
(2) \nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v \n›bn® _m°n 50% kvtIm¿A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ hne-bn-cpØn \n¿tZ-in®kvtImdn¬ B°n \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.
(3) \nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ BsI kvtIm¿ F∂Xv ÿm]-\-Xe Ct‚-W¬ FgpØp ]co-£-bp-sSbpw \mev C\-ß-fpsShne-bn-cp-Øen-s‚bpw kvtImdp-Iƒ tN¿∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. \nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Øen\v \n›-bn® C\-ß-ƒ kqN-I-ß-fpsSASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hne-bn-cpØn kvtIm¿ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.
(4) GsX-¶nepw hnj-b-߃°v Hcp ska-Ã-dn¬ kn.C. kvtIm¿tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn-s√¶n¬ Bb-Xns‚ kn.C C\-߃XpS¿∂p hcp∂ ska-Ã-dnse AXXv hnj-b-tØmSv tN¿Øv]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
PaperNo
Paper Name Hrs.in aSem.
Hrs. forWorkshop
TotalHours
ApproximateHours in a
week
Total 250 80 330 30
Internship 270
Grand Total 600
401 hnZym- ymk a\-»mkvXw ˛ 5 5 10 1]mtbm-Kn-Im-\p-`-h-߃ ˛II
403 ae-bmfw ˛ hnZym-eb A\p- -hhpw 45 15 60 5 aqey-\n¿Wbhpw404 Professional development of 40 15 55 5
English Teacher
405 KWnXw ˛ ]T-\hpw 45 10 55 5 t_m[-\hpw (IV)
406 imkvX-hnZym- ymkw˛ ]T-\hpw 45 10 55 5 t_m[-\hpw
408 Ie, ]hrØn hnZym ymkØns‚ 8+ 5+ 15+- 2Bkq-X-Whpw \n¿h-l-Whpw 7 5 10 ˛ bp.]n.-Xew 15 10 25
409 Btcm-Ky- Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw 10 5 15 1
410 kmaq-ly-imkvXw -˛ 45 10 55 6 ]T-\hpw t_m[-\hpw (II)
26
A[ymbw 3 hn\nabX¥-߃-
]T\coXn, X¥-߃kvIqƒ ]T-\-Øn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn kzbw]T-\-co-Xn°v]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ t_m[-\-co-Xn-bmWv A[ym-]\]cn-io-e-\-tI-µ-ß-fn¬ Hcp-t°-≠-Xv.
sshhn[y-am¿∂ ]T\coXn-Iƒ, ]T\X¥-߃ F∂n-hbv°v Hcp]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\°fcnbmhWw A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\tIµ-Ønse ]cn-io-e-\m-\p- -h-߃. kwh-mZm-fl-Ihpw Kth-j-Wm-fl-Ihpw cN-\m-fl-I-hp-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-hWw`mhn A[ym-]-I¿ [mc-W-Iƒ B¿Pn-t°-≠-Xv. t\Snb [mc-W-Iƒ ]tbm-Kn®v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pw ]mtbm-Kn-Im-\p- h-ß-fn-eqsS kn≤m-¥-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-߃ kpe--ambn D≠m-h-Ww. kaq-l-hp-ambpw hnZym-e-b-ß-fp-ambpw CS-]-
g-Ip-∂-Xn\pw Ah-kcw thWw. d -d≥knMv (]p-kvX-I-߃, UnPn-‰¬ kma-Kn-Iƒ, C‚¿s\-‰v), ka-kw-L-]T\w (Peer group learn-
ing), sa‚-dnMv F∂n-h-bmWv ][m-\-ambpw kzoI-cn-°m-hp∂ X¥-߃. CXns‚ mK-ambn cq]-s∏- p-h-cp-∂-h-bmWv D¬∏-∂-ß-fmbnamtd-≠-Xv.
]T-\-hn-j-b-߃Fen-sa‚dn hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ s]mXp-hn-j-b-ß-fmb amXr- m-j,Cw•o-jv, KWn-Xw, kmaq-ly-im-kvXw, ASn-ÿm-\-im-kvXw, ]cn-k-c-]-T-\w, KWnXimkvXw, Iem-]-T-\w, ImbnIhnZym- ym-kw,]hr-Øn-]-T\w, sF.-kn.Sn. F∂nh ]T\hnj-b-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.Cu hnj-b-ß-fpsS 10˛mw ¢mkv hsc-bp≈ D≈-S-°w, ]T-\-co-Xn,
X¥-߃, ]T-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ, hne-bn-cp-ج XpS-ßnbhbmWv]mTy-h-kvXp-hmbn kzoI-cn-®n´p-≈-Xv. Chsb ^e-]-Z-ambpwimkvXobambpw hn\nabw sNøp-∂-Xn -\m -h-iy -amb]T\a\»mkvXw, Z¿i-\w, t_m[\-imkvXw F∂o hnj-b-ßfpwDƒs∏Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p.
So-®¿ FPyqt°-‰¿amdnb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ So®¿ FPypt°-‰-sd-∏‰n-bp≈
ImgvN∏m-Sp-Iƒ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.
$ t_m[\imkvX-cw-KsØ \qX\]h-W-X-Iƒ a\ n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw AX-\p-k-cn®p ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bkq-XWwsNbvXp- \-S-∏m-°p∂Xn\pap≈ tijn So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿am¿°p-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
$ hnj-b-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ Adnhpw [mc-Wbpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
$ F≥.kn.-Sn.C. \n¿tZin-°p∂ tbmKy-X-bp≈ Bfm-bn-cn-°Ww.
$ P\m-[n-]-Xyw, atX-X-cXzw, tkmjy-en-kw, imkvXo-b-a-t\m-`mhw F∂nh A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈tijnbpw at\m- m-hhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.
$ A[ym]IhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb]h¿Ø-\-߃ Is≠Øn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Kth-jWat\m- mhw D≠m-bn-cn°Ww.
27
$ ka-bw, Imew XpS-ßnbh ]cn-K-Wn-°msX ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]Xn-_-≤-X- D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.
$ a‰p-ta-J-e-I-fnse s]m^-j-W-ep-I-sf-t∏mse \q\-X-ambtijn-Ifpw [mc-W-Ifpw B¿Pn-°p∂ \nc-¥-c-]-Tn-Xm-hm-bn-cn-°Ww So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿.
A[ym-]\]cn-io-e\ tIµwanI® [mc-W-Ifpw s]m -j-W¬ ss\]p-Wn-Ifpap≈ A[ym-]-Isc krjvSn-s®-Sp-°m≥ ]‰nb Hcp ]`htIµ-am-hWw A[ym-]\]cn-io-e\ tIµw. hnj-b-ß-fpsS D≈-S°w, t_m[-\-im-kvXw, hne-bn-cp-ج, hnZym- ymk Z¿i-\-߃, a\»mkvX ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ, kaq-lw, hnZym- ymkw F∂nh-bpsS NcnX]cn-Wm-a-߃ XpSßn ]mTy-]-≤Xn D≈-S-°hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ G‰hpw\ho-\-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ, [mc-W-Iƒ F∂nh kzmwio-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff kuI-cy-߃ tIµ-Øn-ep-≠m-h-Ww. t\Snb [mc-W-Iƒ ]tbm-Kn®v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-ßfpw e`y-am-h-Ww. e-]-Z-amb hn\n-a-tbm-]m[n F∂ \ne-bn¬ hnZym- ymkkmt¶-XnIhnZy, hnh-c- hn\n-abkm-t¶-XnIhnZy F∂n-h-bpsSkm[y-X-Iƒ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ hn -h-߃, D]-I-c-W-߃F∂nh e`y-am-I-Ww. "Iymºkv' Hcp ]mT-]p-kvXIw F∂ Bi-b-Øn\v Hcp anI® amXr-I-bm-hWw A[ym-]I]cn-io-e\ tIµw.
]T-\m-¥-co£w\ne-hnep≈ hnZym- ym-k-co-Xn, D≈-S-°w, \S-Øn∏pkwhn-[m\wF∂n-h-bpsS i‡nZu¿_-ey-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw kzX-¥-ambnA`n-]mb]I-S\w \S-Øm\pw Ah-kcw \¬Ip∂ ]T\m-¥-co£w D≠m-I-Ww. kn≤m-¥-߃ ]Tn-°p-I-am-X-a√, Ah ]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw kzmwio-I-cn-°p-I-bp-amWp th≠-Xv. hna¿i-\m-flI
hne-bn-cp-ج, \ho\Nn¥, kwhm-Zm-flI kwL-]-h¿Ø-\-߃,hnZym-e-bm-\p- -h-߃, k¿Km-flIthZn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn-eqsS Xs‚Ign-hp-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw ]T-\-kw-kvImcw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXv Bfl-hn-izm-k-ap≈ A[ym-]-I-cmbn hf-cm-\p≈kml-N-cy-amWv e`n-t°-≠-Xv.
N¿®-Iƒ, ]T-t\m-]-I-cW\n¿am-Ww, o¬Uv Sn∏v, hnZ-Kv[-cp-ambnA`n-ap-Jw, inev]-im-e-I-ƒ, A\p-tbm-Py-amb kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS]tbm-Kw, d -d≥knMv, ka-Im-enI ]iv\-ß-tfmSv ]Xn-I-cn-°¬,]mT-]p-kvXIhni-I-e-\w, Kth-j-Wm-flI At\z-j-W-߃ XpS-ßnb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS ]T-\-Øns‚ kzX-¥hpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-amb coXn-im-kvXw ]cn-N-bn-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcamWv e`n-t°≠-Xv.
Hmtcm h¿jhpw `mhn A[ym-]-Isc kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]pkvX-I-߃, Bi-b-߃, ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃,kt¶-X-߃, D¬∏-∂-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS ]Z¿i\w A[ym]I]cn-io-e\ tIµ-Øn¬ Hcp-°-Ww. AtXm-sSm∏w \ho\mi-b-߃]tbm-Kn-®p-t\m-°m\pw hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-ap≈ kml-N-cy-ßfpw e`n-°-Ww.
]T\kt¶-X-߃, X¥-߃, klm-bIkma-Kn-Iƒ F∂nh hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂inev]-imeIfpw Iymºp-Ifpw hgn ]T-\m-\p- -h-ß-ƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. kaq-l-Øn¬ Cd-ßnbpw CS-s]´pw ]h¿Øn-®mWv kmaq-lnI-aq-ey-ßfpw ss\]p-Wn-Ifpw hf¿tØ-≠-Xv. ]mtZ-inIhn -h-߃ ^e-]-Z-ambn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw hnZym-`ymkcwKsØ ]pXnb Ne-\-߃ ASp-Ø-dn-bm\pw Ah-kcw e`n-°-Ww. Dƒt®¿∂ hnZym- ym-kw, \nc-¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-bw, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS D]-tbmKw F∂nh ]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ßfpw kma-Kn-Ifpw Hcp-°-Ww.
28
A[ym]I-hn-Zym¿Yn-bpsS Bfl-hn-izm-kw h¿[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw P∑-kn≤amb Ign-hp-Iƒ DuXn-°m-®n-sb-Sp-°p-IbpwsNøp∂ G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ ]h¿Ø-\-amWv hnZym-e-bm-\p- h]cn-]m-Sn AYhm Ct‚¨jn∏v (Internship). hnZym-ebw, Ip´n-Iƒ,c£n-Xm-°ƒ, kaqlw F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp kmaq-lnI]In-b-bmWv hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ \S-°p-∂-Xv. A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿YnF∂ \ne-bn¬ t\Snb [mc-W-Iƒ, t_m[\-im-kvX-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ F∂nh ]tbm-Kn®p t\m°p-∂-Xn\pw hne-bn-cp-ج\SØn kzbw sa®-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pw Cu kµ¿`w ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-∂p. A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ, hgn-Im-´nbpw sa‚-dp-amb HcpapXn¿∂ A[ym-]-I-s‚bpw kvIqfnse ][m-\m-[ym-]-I-s‚bpwam¿K-\n¿tZi߃°\p-k-cn-®mWv Cu kµ¿ -Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xv. hnZym-e-b-Ønse a‰[ym-]-I-sc-t∏mse AhnsS \S-°p∂F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v 100 Znhkw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ hnZym-e-bm-\p- h]cn-]m-Sn-bneqsS Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p. A[ym]I]cnioe\ÿm]\߃°pw Ct‚ -jn∏n\mbnXncs™Sp°p∂ hnZymeb߃°pw ]ckv]c [mcWbpwklIcWhpw BhiyamWv. Ccp ÿm]\߃°pw ]ckv]cwt\´ap≠mIp∂ ]cn]mSn IqSnbmWv Ct‚¨jn∏v. CXneqsS\qX\amb ]T\m-\p`h߃, ]h¿Ø\]cn]mSnIƒ F∂nhhnZymeb߃°v e`yamIWw. hnZymebØn¬ \S°p∂\qX\]h¿Ø\߃ A[ym]I]cnioe\ ÿm]\Iƒ°pwe`n-°-Ww.
\mep skaÃdpIfnembn \qdp ]hrØnZnhkw (100 work-
ing days) e`y-am-Ip∂ hn[amWv hnZymeb A\p`h]cn]mSnhn\ykn-t°≠-Xv. H∂pw c≠pw skaÃdpIfn¬ 5 ZnhkwhoXhpw aq∂pw \mepw skaÃdpIfn¬ 45 Znhkw hoXhpwCXn\mbn \o°n hbvt°-≠-Xm-Wv.
][m\ e£y߃
1. hnZymebØn\IØpw ]pdØpw \S°p∂ ]T\ t_m[\]h¿Ø\߃ \nco£n°p∂Xn\pw AhbpsS e]m]vXnhne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pap≈ [mcW t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.
2. hnZymebØnse ]n¥pWmkwhn[m\ßsf°pdn®v [mcWt\Sp∂Xn\.v
3. hnZym¿Yn, A[ym]I¿, c£nXmhv, ]T\m¥co£w F∂oLSIßfpsS ]T\˛t_m[\ ]h¿Ø\ßfnse ]¶vXncn®dnbp∂-Xn\v.
4. hnZymeb]h¿Ø\߃ Fs¥√msa∂pw AhbpsSGtIm]\hpw tamWn‰dnßpw Fßs\sb∂pw \nco£n-°p∂Xn\.v
5. ]T\]iv\߃ Is≠ØpIbpw ]cnlcn°pIbpw eLpKthjW]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ G¿s∏SpIbpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v.
6. ]T\˛t_m[\ ]InbIƒ BkqXWw sNbvXv\S∏nem°p∂Xn\p≈ ]mtbmKnIm\p`hw e`yam°p-∂Xn\pw So®nMv am\z¬ hnI-kn-∏n®v ]Xn- -e-\m-fl-I-ambn
A[ymbw 4 hnZym-e-bm-\p- h ]cn-]mSn
29
hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw B-h-iy-amb ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw
7. kvIqfn¬ \S°p∂ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ]h¿Ø\ßfn¬]s¶SpØv ]mtbmKnI[mcWIƒ sa®s∏SpØp∂-Xn-\v.
8. A[ym]nIbpsSbpw ][m\m[ym]nI-bp-sSbpw tdmƒ\nco£n°p∂Xn\pw ]TnXm°fpsS sshhn[yam¿∂ Bh-iy߃ Fßs\ \ndthdp∂p F∂v a\ nem°p∂Xn\pw.
9. ]T-\- t_m-[\kma-Kn-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]T-\-]-In-b-bn¬ e-]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\pap≈ sshZKv[ywB¿Pn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw
10 sF.kn.Sn. kt¶-X-߃ ]T-\- t_m-[\ ]In-b-bn¬ e-]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ sshZKv[yw t\Sp-∂-Xn-\v.
11. ]T\ t_m[\ ]InbbpsS hnebncpØen¬ ]mtbmKnI[mcWIƒ t\Sp∂Xn\v.
hnZymeb A\p`h]cn]mSnbpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃
\º¿ skaÿ Znhk߃ kvtIm¿
1 S1 5 40
2 S2 5 40
3 S3 45 130
4 S4 45 130
BsI 100 340
Ct‚¨jn∏v Imcy£aambn \n¿hln°p∂Xn\v ^e]ZambBkqXWw Hmtcm A[ym]I]cnioe\ tIµØnepw \S°Ww.hniZmwi߃ NphsS sImSp°p∂p.
Ct‚¨jn∏v aps∂m-cp°w
Ct‚¨jn∏v thf-bn¬ Gs‰-Sp-t°≠ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsSaps∂m-cp-°-߃°mbn inev]-im-e-Iƒ \n¿tZ-in-®n- p-≠v. AXXvt]∏-dp-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ inev]-im-e-bpsS ka-b-Iaw c≠mwA[ym-b-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ XpS¿∂vhcp∂ ]´n-I-bn¬ Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw \¬Im-hp-∂ amXr-Im-]-h¿Ø-\߃ \¬In-bn- p-≠v. ]´n-I-bnse Hmtcm C\-hpw inev]-im-e-bn¬h®p ]cnN-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Bh-iy-amb sjUyq-fp-Iƒ, tNmZym-h-en-Iƒ,Sqfp-Iƒ, tcJ-s∏-Sp-ج kma-Kn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw inev]-im-e-bn¬h®p hnI-kn-∏n-°-Ww. Ct‚¨jn-∏n-\p-tijw HmtcmA[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Ynbpw sNbvX F´p ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS dnt∏m¿ vXbm-dm°n _‘-s∏´ hnj-b-ß-fpsS So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿°vka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu dnt∏m¿´pw aqey-\n¿W-b-Øn\p ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂Xm-Wv.
Hcp hnZym-e-b-Øn-te°v H∂n-e-[nIw A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-Iƒ t]mIp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah¿°v Htc hnjbw \¬Im-Xn-cn-°m≥So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿ i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ]´n-I-bn-¬ \¬In-bn- p≈]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ]pdsa a‰p ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿am¿°v Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Gs‰-SpØp \S-Øp∂ Znhkw So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿am¿hnZymeb-k-µ¿i\w \SØn Bh-iy-amb ]n¥pW \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.
ska-ÿ ˛ 1 & 2 Ct‚¨jn∏v
1,2 ska-Ã-dp-I-fn¬ 5 Znhkw hoXw kvIqƒ A\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°mbn am‰n-h-®n-´p-≠v. Cu ska-Ã-dp-I-fn¬ kvtIm¿\¬Im≥ \n¿tZ-in®n´p≈ \n¿ZnjvS t]∏-dp-I-fn¬ \n∂p Xnc-
30
s™-Sp°-s∏´ Hmtcm ]h¿Ø\w 5 ]hrØnZnh-k-Øn-\n-S-bn¬Hmtcm hnZym¿Ynbpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°Ww. kvtIm¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-´n-√mØ hnj-b-ß-fpsS Ct‚¨jn∏v ]h¿Ø-\-߃ \nc-¥caqey-\n¿WbØns‚ mK-ambn hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. 1, 2 ska-Ã-dpI-fnepw IqSn Ct‚¨jn∏v ]h¿Ø-\-߃°mbn BsI 80kvtIm¿ BWv \¬tI-≠-Xv. ]h¿Ø\w hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈5 kqN-I-߃ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p. Hmtcm kqN-I-Øn\v 5/4/3/2/1 F∂ coXn-bn¬ A¿l-amb kvtIm¿ \¬In-bmWv hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.
kqN-I-߃1. Bkq-X-Ww
]h¿Ø\w \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n \S-Ønb F√m aps∂m-cp-°-ß-fp-amWv Bkq-X-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-I.
2. kma-Kn-Iƒ
]h¿Ø\w \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb tNmZym-h-en, ]´n-I-Iƒ, Sqfp-Iƒ, Km^p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bmWv ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv.
3. ]Inb
kvIqfn¬h®v ]h¿Ø\w \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v kzoI-cn® ]h¿Ø-\-L- -߃ BWv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv.
4. hn\n-a-b-tijn
]h¿Ø\w \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn® Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijn,Ah-XcWanI-hv, kwLm-S-\-ti-jn XpS-ßn-b-h.
5. ]Xn- -e\°pdn∏v (dn- vf-£≥ t\m´v)
]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS t\Snb Xncn-®-dn-hp-Ifpw ss\]p-Wn-Ifpw Ipdn-∏mbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. CXns‚ KpW-\n-e-hm-c-amWvhnebncptØ-≠-Xv.
Xbm-sd-Sp-∏p-Iƒ
$ hnZymebßfpsS Xncs™Sp∏v
$ Bhiyamb aps∂mcp°ßƒ
$ sa‚dmbn ]h¿Øn°m\p≈ A[ym]nIamsc Xnc-s™-Sp°epw NpaXeIƒ Xocp-am-\n-°epw
$ hniIe\ ¢mkpIƒ/FIvkv]¿ v ¢mkpIƒ
$ So®nMv ]mIvSokn\p≈ km[yXIƒ/hniZmwi߃
$ Hm¨ ssk‰v kt∏m¿ v e`yam°¬/tamWn‰dnMv
31
skaÿ ˛ 1 (S1)
Ct‚¨jn∏v ]h¿Ø\߃
H∂mw skaÃdn¬ temh¿ ss]adn Xew tIµoIcn®p≈ ]h¿Ø\ßfmWvv \¬tI≠Xv. (Hmtcm t]∏-dn-s‚bpw t\¿°v \¬In-bn-´p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂v hoX-amWv Hmtcm hnZym¿Ynbpw Gs‰-SpØv sNtø-≠-Xv. 101, 102 F∂o t]∏-dp-I-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Ct‚¨jn-∏ns‚ mK-a-√. Ah kn.C. ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v th≠n ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.)
t]∏-¿ \º¿ t]∏-dns‚ t]cv Gs‰Sp°mhp∂ ]mIvSn°¬ h¿°v 101 hnZym- ymka-\»mkvXw- kn≤m-¥hpw 1. tkmtjymKmw
]tbm-Khpw 2. sN°v enÃv/td‰nMv kvsIbn¬ ]T-\-ku-lrZ A¥-co£w3. k¿sh4. A`n-cpNn Is≠-ج
102 hnZym`ymkØns‚ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw 1. hnZymebhnIk\Øn¬ kaql]¶mfnØw C‚¿hyq kmaq-ln-IhpwNcnX]c-hpamb ASn-Ød 2. Z¿i\ßfpsS kzm[o\w ¢mkvap-dn-bn¬ \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v
3. So®¿ Xbmdm°p∂ tcJIƒ sN°v enÃv4. ¢mkn¬ hnZym¿YnIƒ°p e`n°p∂ k¿°m¿ klmb߃ k¿sh5. PTA/Class PTA an\p´vkv Hcp ]T\w
103
ae-bmfw mjbpw Ip´nbpw 1. Zn\mNcWßfpw mjm]T\hpw Zn\m-N-c-W-°p-dn∏v2. sse_dn D]tbmKw ]T\dnt∏m¿´v3. `mjm]T\Øns‚ Ahÿm]T\w4. ]T\t]mjW]cn]mSnIƒ k¿sh5. hyh-lm-c-cq-]-߃ ssSHu v
DZvK-YnXw (¢mkv 1, 2) 1. hnc¬∏mh \n¿Ωn®pw D]-tbm-Kn®pw Im´nse arK-ß-fpsS kw`mj-W߃ Dƒs∏-SpØn IY Ah--X-cn-∏n-°¬
2. eLp kwKoX D]-I-c-W-߃ (Nn-c- , ]mX-߃, hSn.....), D]-tbm-Kn®vIhn-Xbv°v Xmfw \¬I¬.
3. IY-bnse kµ¿ -ßsf NnXw hc®v ]I-Sn-∏n-°¬4. NnX-Øn¬ \n∂v kw`m-jWw ]d-b¬/ Fgp-X¬
32
104. Proficiency in English language 1. Developing individual magzines of discourses - product
2. Performance of discourses like skit/choreography - performance
3. Conducting a filim show followed by open discussion.
4. Conducting tryout on story telling using different strategies suitable for elemen-
tary classes
5. Observing an English class to assess the extend of using mothertongueby the
teacher
105 KWnXw ˛ ]T-\hpw t_m[-\hpw (I) 1. ¢mkv \nco£Ww ˛ dnt∏m¿´v hnZym- ymkw2. KWnX]T\X¥ßfpsS ]tbmKw˛t_m-[\coXn-bpsS ssSHu v3. KWnXIznkv ssSHu´v4. Hcp ]Tt\m]IcWw \n¿an®v ssSHu´v \Sج5. _me (BaLA- Building as a Learning Aid) ssSHu v
106 ]cnkchpw ]T-\hpw 1. ssPhsshhn[y ]m¿°v \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v2. hnZymebØnse Irjn km[yXm]T\w3. hnZymeb tImºu≠ns‚ kvsI®v Xbm-dm-°¬4. Zn\mNcW߃ ]cnkc]T\Øn¬ dnt∏m¿´v5. amen\ykwkvIcWkwhn[m\w sN°venÃv
107 hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy (ICT) 1. kvIqfn¬ \S∂ Hcp ]tXyI ]cn]mSnbpsS dnt∏m¿´v (Zn\mNcWw)thUv t]mkkdn¬ Xbmdm°¬
2. ¢mkn¬ Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ ]tbmP\s∏SpØmhp∂ Hcp ]kt‚j≥Xbm-dm°n ssS Hu v \S-Øp-I.
3. Hcp ¢mknse Ip´nIfpsS kvtIm¿jo‰vXbmdm°n ehni-I-e\w\SØpI.
4. kvIqfns‚bpw \S∂ ]h¿Ø\ßfpsSbpw tUmIypsat‚j≥CD/DVD/USB F∂nhbn¬ tiJcn°pI.
5. ap≥ ]co-£-bn¬ Hcp ¢mknse Ip´n-Iƒ°v e`n® kvtImdp-Iƒkv]Uvjo-‰n¬ Xbm-dm-°p-I.
km[y-X-Ifpw ]tbm-K-hpw
33
108 Ie, ]hrØn hnZym- ymkw ˛ 1. hnZymebØnse IemhnZym`ymkw˛ Ahÿm]T\w
kao-]-\hpw ]tbm-Khpw 2. Hcp IhnXbpsS tImdntbmKm^n
3. DZvKY\ km[yXIƒ, Iem]T\Øn¬ ssSHu v
4. hnZymebØnse ]hrØn]cnNbkm[yXIƒ dnt∏m¿ v
5. ]T\]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]hrØn]cnNbw˛ssS-Hu v
6. Hcp ]mT`mKØn¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb D¬∏∂w \n¿an-°¬
109 BtcmKy˛ImbnI hnZym- ymkw 1. Hcp ¢mknse Ip´nIfpsS BMI Is≠Øn hniIe\w2. D®`£WØnse t]mjIaqeyw ˛ Ahÿm]T\w3. hnZymebØnse IpSnsh≈kwhn[m\w Ahÿm]T\w4. IfnIƒ°p≈ Ahkcw e`n°¬ sN°venÃv5. hnZymebØnse uXnIkmlNcyw \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v
34
skaÿ ˛ 2 (S2)
Ct‚¨jn∏v ]h¿Ø\߃
c≠mw skaÃdn¬ A∏¿ ss]adn ¢mkp-Iƒ tIµoIcn®mWv ]h¿Ø\߃ \S-tØ-≠-Xv.(Hmtcm t]∏-dn-s‚bpw t\¿°v \¬In-bn-´p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂v hoX-amWv Hmtcm hnZym¿Ynbpw Gs‰-SpØv sNtø-≠-Xv. 201, 202 F∂o t]∏-dp-I-fpsS]h¿Ø-\-߃ Ct‚¨jn-∏ns‚ mK-a-√. Ah kn.C. ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v th≠n ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.)
t]∏-¿ \º¿ t]∏-dns‚ t]cv Gs‰Sp°mhp∂ ]mIvSn°¬ h¿°v 201 hnZym- ymk a\-»mkvXw ˛ 1. ⁄m\\n¿anXnbpw ¢mkvdqw ]InbbpsS hniIe\hpw ]T\w
]T-\hpw ]T-\-]-In-bbpw 2. ]T\sØ kzm[o\n°p∂ LSI߃˛ Sqƒ Xbmdm°n hnhcwtiJcn°¬
3. MI LSI߃ ssSHu v4. sN°venÃv5. tam´n-th-j≥ X¥-߃ ssSHu v
202 ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw 1. hnZymebhnIk\Øn¬ kaql]¶mfnØw˛ P\m-[n-]-Xy- hn-Zym- ym-khpw PTA/CPTA dnt∏m¿ v Xbm-dm-°¬
2. Xt±iÿm]\ßfpsS CSs]Sepw hnZymebhpw dnt∏m¿´v3. hnZymebØn¬ kq£n°p∂ cPnÃdpIƒ sN°v enÃv4. ssSwtS_nfpw hnjbßfpsS hnXcWhpw ˛ ]T\w5. ]thi\hpw sImgn™pt]m°pw hniIe\dnt∏m¿´v
203 `mjm]T-\hpw 1. sse_dnbpw ]pkvXIhnXcWhpw ]T\w t_m[-\hpw 2. ]T\t]mjW]cn]mSnIƒ dnt∏m¿´v
3. Hcp ¢mknse mjm]mT]pkvXIw ]cntim[n®vkmlnXy]ÿm\ßfp-am-bp≈ _‘w Is≠ج dnt∏m¿´v
4. Ihn ˛ IhnXm]cnNbw ˛ dnt∏m¿´v5. tNmZyt]∏¿ DØct]∏¿ hniIe\w
204 Theory and Practice of English 1. Evaluting coursebooks based on indicators
Language Teaching 2. Seminar on Analysis of textbooks - Seminar
3. Developing sample peadagogic analysis of TM - Product
4. Developing my activity collection book- product
5. Developing my grammar activity book - Product.
35
t]∏-¿ \º¿ t]∏-dns‚ t]cv C\w 205 KWnXw ˛ ]T-\hpw t_m[-\hpw - II 1. ]co-£-W-coXn ssSHu v
2. KWnX t_m[-\-co-Xn-Iƒ ssSHu v3. KWnXem_v D]tbmKw k¿sh4. KWnXIfnIƒ ¢mknse km[yXIƒ ssSHu´v5. KWnXmibØns‚ ]tbmKw
206 imkvXw ]T-\hpw t_m[-\hpw - I 1. em_v D]tbmKw k¿sh2. imkvX]co£Ww ssSHu v3. imkvX-]-T-\-coXn imkvXm-[ym-]-I-\p-ambn C‚¿hyq4. imkvX¢mkns‚ ]h¿Ø\w \nco-£W dnt∏m¿´v5. ]Tt\m]IcWßfpw imkvX]T\hpw dnt∏m¿´v
207 hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-XnI hnZy: 1. kµ-in® hnZym-e-b-Øn\p th≠n Hcp tªmKv Xbm-dm°n ]T-\-t_m-[\ ]In-b ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS NnX-߃ t]mÃv sNøp-I.
2. Hcp ¢mkn¬ \S∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Ip´n-I-fp-sS ]T\]ptcm-K-Xn-tbbpw Ipdn®v CPTA bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Hcp]k-t‚-j≥ Xbm-dm-°p-I.
3. hn`h t]m¿ -ep-I-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ ]T\hn -h-߃ Hcp°nt°m-≠p≈ UnPn-‰¬ So®nMv am\z¬ Xbm-dm-°p-I.
208 -Iem-hn-Zym- ymkw ]hrØn hnZym- ymkw˛ 1. IhnXminev]w ssSHu v t_m[\ imkvXw. 2. ]mT]pkvXIØnse Iem]T\km[yXIƒ Is≠ج dnt∏m¿ v
3. Hcp ]mT`mKØns‚ \mSIoIcWw4. hnZymebØnse ]qt¥m´\n¿amWw \nco-£W dnt∏m¿´v5. D®`£WhnXcWw Imcy£aXm ]T\w6. ipNnXzkwhn[m\w sN°v enÃv
209 BtcmKy˛ImbnI hnZym- ymkw 1. BMI Is≠ج ˛ (Hcp ¢mkv)2. hnZym-e-b-Øn-ep-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \mS≥Ifn-Iƒ ssSHu v3. ]Xntcm[IpØnhbv] v˛ k¿sh4. Ifnbp]IcWßfpsS e`yXbpw D]tbmKhpw ]T\w5. ip≤Pee`yX Dd∏phcpج kwhn[m\߃ ˛ ]T\w
36
ska-ÿ 3, 4 ˛
Ct‚¨jn-∏v s]mXp-\n¿tZ-i-߃
3, 4 ska-Ã-dp-I-fn-emWv So®nMv]mIvSokv Dƒs∏-Sp∂ 45Znhkw hoX-ap≈ Ct‚¨jn∏v D≈-Xv. Cu kµ¿ -Øn¬ sa‚¿am-cpsS tkh\w Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu ska-Ã-dp-I-fn¬So®nMv]mIvSo-kv, ssSHu- p-Iƒ, ]T-\-߃, kvIqƒ ]h¿Ø\ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fnØw hln-°¬, Sqƒ Xbm-dm°n aqey-\n¿Wbw \S-ج F∂nh \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. sa‚¿amcpw So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿amcpw tN¿∂mWv A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-Isf hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.
So®nMv ]mIvSo-kn-\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿am-cpsS amXr-Im-¢m-kv, hnZ-Kv[-cpsS ¢mkp-Iƒ, A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-I-fpsS \n›nX FÆw hni-I-e-\-¢m-kp-Iƒ XpS-ßnb aps∂m-cp-°-߃ Cu c≠p ska-Ã-dp-I-fnepw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Hmtcmÿm]-\hpw Hmtcm Ip´n-bpsSbpw ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-X-c-Øn-ep≈ sjUyqƒ Xbm-dm°n Ub-‰p-Iƒ°v ssIam-td-≠-XmWv. Hmtcm ITE bnsebpw A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn\v B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn hnZym-e-b-߃ Xnc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.Hcp hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ ]c-am-h[n \mtem At©m A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-Isf amXta Ct‚¨jn-∏n-\mbn hn\y-kn-°m≥ ]mSp-≈q.
skaÿ ˛ 3 (S3)
Ct‚¨jn∏v ]h¿Ø-\-߃
aq∂mw skaÃdn¬ F¬.]n. ¢mkpIƒ tIµoIcn®p≈hnZymeb A\p`h]cn]mSnIfmWv kwLSn∏n°p∂Xv. CXn\mbn45 ]hrØnZn\߃ Dƒs∏SpØns°m≠p≈ ]cn]mSnIfmWvhn`mh\w sNbvXn´p≈Xv. Pqsse 15 apX¬ HIvtSm_¿ 15
hscbp≈ Znh-k-ß-fmWv CXn-\- n-Imayw. ITE dntkmgvkv Kq∏pIƒtN¿∂v kvIqfpIƒ Is≠ج, Adnbn∏pIƒ \¬I¬,][m\m[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw Fkv.-B¿.Pn. I¨ho-\¿am-cp-sSbpwtbmKw hnfn-°¬, A\phmZw Dd∏phcpج, sa‚¿amscIs≠Øn ]cnioe\w \¬I¬, CS°me hnebncpجXpSßnbh BkqXWw sNbvXv \S∏nem°Ww.aps∂mcp°Øns‚ `mKambn hniIe\ ¢mkpIƒ/ssSHu´v¢mkpIƒ F∂nh \SØWw.
hniIe\ ¢mkpIƒ
hnjbßfpambn _‘s∏SpØn hnZKv[ A[ym]IcpsSbpw So®¿ FPypt°‰¿amcpsSbpw ¢mkpIƒ \nco£n°pI,]T\ t_m[\ ]InbIƒ kq£vaambn hniIe\w sNøpI,¢mkns‚ anIhpIƒ Is≠ØpI, t]mcmbvaIƒ hniIe\w
210 kmaqlyimkvXw ˛ 1. kmaqlyimkvXem_pw ]T\t\m]IcWßfpsS
]T-\hpw t_m[-\hpw ˛ II D]tbmKhpw˛k¿sh
2. kmaqlnIkmºØnI k¿sh.
3. Hcp UnPn‰¬ kmaKn Xbmdm°n ssSHu´v \Sج.
4. slUvankvS-kp-ambn A`napJw NpaXeIƒ A`n-apJ dnt∏m¿´v
5. kvIqƒ hnIk\]≤Xn hniIe\ dnt∏m¿´v
37
sNøpI, sa®s∏SpØm\p≈ \n¿tZi߃ cq]s∏SpØpI XpS-ßn-b- ]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS sa®s∏´ Hcp ¢mkv Fßs\\n¿hln°pw F∂Xns\-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-W-cq-]-s∏-Sp-Ø-emWvhniIe\ ¢mkpIfpsS e£yw. Cu e£y߃ t\Sp∂Xn\mbnXmsg ]dbp∂ \n¿tZi߃ ]cnKWn°mhp-∂-XmWv.
$ t\Snb [mcWIfpsSbpw ssSHu´ns‚bpw ASnÿm\Øn¬¢mkv hniIe\ kqNI߃ hnIkn∏n°pI.
$ hniIe\w sNtø≠ ¢mkns‚ hniZmwi߃ a\ nem-°pIbpw So®nMv am\z¬ hnIkn∏n°pIbpw sNøpI.
$ ¢mkv \nco£n®v A`n]mb߃ tcJs∏SpØpI.$ t_m[\imkvX [mcWIfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ Is≠
Ønb anIhpIfpw t]mcmbvaIfpw N¿®sNøpI. t]mcm-bva-Iƒ adn IS°m\p≈ X¥ßƒ/]h¿Ø\߃Is≠ØpI.
$ So®nMv ]mIvSokv thfbn¬ ko\n-b¿ A[ym-]-I-cpsS ¢mkv\nco£n®v ]T-\-X-¥-߃ hniIe\w sNøpI.
$ ¢mkvdqw t_m[\Øn¬ sF.kn.Sn . km[yXIƒD]tbmKs∏SpØpI.
$ F√m hnjbßfptSbpw ¢mkv hniIe\w Dd∏phcpØpI.$ \nco-£n® ¢mknse ]T-\ -t_m-[\ ]In-b-Isf°pdn-®v Bg-
Øn-ep≈ hni-I-e-\-amWv A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠Xv.
$ Ip´n-I-fpsS hni-I-e-\-߃°p-tijw Bh-iy-amb Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-Ifpw Hgn-hm-°-ep-Ifpw So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿ \¬Inhni-I-e-\- ¢m-kp-Iƒ tImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.
$ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ¢mkvdqw t_m[\]In-b-Isf°pdn®vHmtcm A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-bpsSbpw [mc-W-Iƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠∂v hni-I-e-\-¢m-kp-I-fn-eqsSbpw So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿Dd-∏m-°-Ww.
$ ¢mkpIƒ \nco£n°p∂Xn\pw hniIe\w sNøp∂Xn\pwBh-iy-am-b-Xbpw ]hrØnZn\߃ D]tbmKs∏SptØ≠XmWv.
$ ¢mkv \nco -£-W-Øn-\p≈ Hcp s]mXp t^m¿am‰vCtXmsSm∏w \¬Inbn´p≠v. CXn¬ \n¿tZin®n´p≈taJeIfpw hnebncpج C\ßfpw ]camh[nD]tbmKn°p∂Xn\p≈ \S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠XmWv.
skaÿ 3 ˛ (S3)
So®nMv ]mIvSokv ]ncoUv, kvtIm¿ hnXcWIawPqsse 15 apX¬ HIvtSm_¿ 15 hscbp≈ Znh-k-ß-fn¬]q¿Ønbm°p∂ hn[w ]h¿Ø\߃ BkqXWw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
1 aebmfw 1 1 1
2 DZvK-Y\w(¢m-kv1,2) 1 1 1
3 Cw•ojv 1 1 1
4 ]cn-k-c-]-T\w 1 1 1
5 KWnXw 1 1 1
6 Iem]T\w 1 1 1
7 ]hrØn]cnNbw 1 1 1
8 BtcmKy˛ImbnIw 1 1 1
BsI 8 8 8
Ia\º¿
hnZKv[
A[ym]IcpsS
¢mkv
kl]TnXmhns‚
¢mkv
(H∂phoXw)
So®¿
FPypt°‰dpsS
¢mkv
hnjbw
skaÿ˛ 3 hni-I-e\ ¢mkp-I-fpsS hnX-c-W-Iaw (F¬.-]n. ¢mkv)
hni-I-e\ ¢mkp-I-fpsS FÆw
38
Ia\º¿
kvtIm¿hnjbw ]ncoUpIfpsSFÆw
1 aebmfw 15 20
2 Cw•ojv 15 20
3 KWnXw 15 20
4 ]cnkc]T\w 15 20
5 C‚tKj≥ (¢mkv 1, 2) 10 20
6 IemhnZym`ymkw 5 10
7 ]hrØn]T\w 5 10
8 BtcmKy ImbnI hnZym`ymkw 5 10
BsI 85 130
Ipdn∏:v C‚-tK-j≥ (¢mkv 1, 2) kvtIm¿ I¨tkmfn-tU-j≥t^m¿am-‰n¬ t]∏¿ 303, ae-bmfw kvtImdn-t\mSv tN¿Øv BsI40 ¬ B°n \¬IWw.
skaÿ ˛ 4 (S4)
Ct‚¨jn∏v ]h¿Ø-\-߃
\memw skaÃdn¬ bp.]n. hn`mKw ¢mkpIƒ tIµoIcn®p≈kvIqƒ A\p`h]cn]mSnIfpsS BkqXWhpw ]tbmKhpamWv\St°≠Xv. CXn-\mbn 45 ]hr-Øn-Zn-\-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fmWv hn`m-h\w sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv. Unkw_¿BZyw apX¬ s^_phcn 15 hscbp≈ Znhkßfn¬ kabIaw\n›bn°Ww. aq∂mw ska-Ã-dn¬ sNbvX aps∂m-cp°]h¿Ø-\-߃ Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ bp.]n.- Xew tIµo-I-cn®v \S-tØ-≠-XmWv.
hniIe\ ¢mkpIfpsS hnXcWIaw (bp.]n. Xew)
hniIe\ ¢mkpIfpsS FÆw
1 aebmfw 1 1 1
2 Cw•ojv 1 1 1
3 KWnXw 1 1 1
4 kb≥kv 1 1 1
5 kmaqlyimkvXw 1 1 1
6 Iem]T\w 1 1 1
7 ]hrØn]cnNbw 1 1 1
8 BtcmKy˛ImbnIw 1 1 1
BsI 8 8 8
Ia\º¿
hnZKv[
A[ym]IcpsS
¢mkv
kl]TnXmhns‚
¢mkv
(H∂phoXw)
So®¿
FPypt°‰dpsS
¢mkv
hnjbw
S3 Ct‚¨jn∏v ]ncoUv kvtIm¿ hnX-c-W-Iaw
S4 Ct‚¨jn∏v ]ncoUv, kvtIm¿ hnXcWIaw
Ia
\º¿kvtIm¿hnjbw
]ncoUpIfpsS
FÆw
1 aebmfw 15 20
2 Cw•ojv 15 20
3 KWnXw 15 20
4 kb≥kv 15 20
5 kmaqlyimkvXw 15 20
6 Iem]T\w 05 10
7 ]hrØn]cnNbw 05 10
8 BtcmKy˛ImbnIhnZym`ymkw 05 10
BsI 90 130
39
¢mkv hni-Ie\ tcJs]mXp t^m¿am‰v
A[ym-]-Is‚ /A[ym-]n-I-bpsS t]cv :
ÿm]\w :
hnjbw :
bqWn‰v :
XobXn :
Dt±-iy-߃ :
¢mkv hni-I-e\w
taJe hne-bn-cp-ج C\-߃
1. Bkq-XWw 1. ]mT-`m-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ s]U-tKm-KnIv hni-I-e\w
2. So®nMv am\z¬ ]In-bm-_-‘nX kq£vamkq-XWw3. TLM Imcy-£-aX
2. ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS \n¿h-lWw 1. ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-ƒ
$ ]T-t\m-t±-iy-߃ t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ km[yX
$ Ip´n-bpsS ]Ir-Xw, ]T-\-]-Inb F∂n-h-bpsS ]cn-K-W\
$ F√m Ip´n-I-fp-sSbpw ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°¬
$ hyXykvX \ne-hm-c-ap≈ Ip´n-Isf ]cn-K-Wn-°¬
$ t_m[\coXn, _m[\X¥-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS A\p-tbm-PyX
2. H‰bv°pw Iq´mbpw ]T-\-]-iv\-߃ hni-Ie\w sNøm-\p≈ Ah-kcw
3. So®-dpsS tImUo-I-cWw
4. Ip´n-Iƒ°v kzX¥cN\bv°pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Ah-kcw
3. ]T-\-X-¥-ßfpw ]Tt\m-]-I-c-W-ßfpw 1. ]T-\-co-Xn-Iƒ/ X¥-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS ^e-]-Z-amb D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ج
2. ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ج (t_m¿Uv Dƒs∏-sS)
4. aqey-\n¿Wbw 1. \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-ج \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ia-߃
2. Ip´n-I-fpsS ]Xn-I-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]T-\-]-In-b-bn¬hcp-Ønb am‰ßƒ
3. ]c-kv]chne-bn-cp-ج, kzbwhne-bn-cp-ج, So®-dpsS hne-bn-cp-جXpS-ßn-b-h-bv°p≈ Ah-kcw \¬I¬
4. XpS¿]-h¿Ø\w Gs‰-Sp-°m\p≈ Ah-kcw
5. A¥-co£w 1. ¢mkns‚ Iao-I-cWw
2. hnZym¿Ynkulr-Z-]-c-amb ¢mkv A¥-co£w
40
hni-I-e\ ¢mkp-I-fpsS hne-bn-cp-ج
\nco-£Wthf-bn¬ ¢mkv]h¿Ø-\-߃ XpS¿®-bmbpw hnh-c-Wm-fl-I-ambpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. ¢mkv \nco-£Ww ]q¿Øn-bmbtij-amWv hni-I-e\ t^m¿am‰v Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. hni-I-e\¢mkp-Isf hne-bn-cp-Øp∂-Xn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ kqN-I-߃ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.
1. So®nMv am\z¬ ]Inbm_‘n-X-hpw hnZym¿Ynku-lm¿±-]-c-
ambpw Xbm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
2. hni-I-e-\ t^m¿am‰v D]-tbm-Kn®v imkvXo-b-ambn hni-I-e\w
sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
3. hni-Ie\]In-b-bn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.
4. hni-I-e\ dnt∏m¿´v hy‡hpw ka-K-hp-amWv.
5. anI-hp-Iƒ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m-
\p-ap≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
Ct‚¨jn∏v \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v Bhiyamb aps∂m-cp-°-
ßfpw kvIqfp-I-ƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-epw
Ct‚¨jn∏v, Un.F¬.-FU.v ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS Hcp kp]-[m\LS-I-am-Wv. CXv kpK-a-am-bpw KpW-]-Z-ambpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v aps∂m-cp-°-߃ Bh-iy-am-Wv. NphsS sImSp-Ø ]h¿Ø-\-߃ aps∂m-cp-°-Øns‚ mK-am-bn \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
So®nMv ]mIvSo-kn-\m-bp≈ hnZym-e-b-ß-fpsS Xnc-s™-Sp∏v
So®nMv ]mIvSo-kn-\m-bp≈ hnZym-e-b-߃ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒC≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v So®¿ FPyp-t°-j\v (sF.Sn.-C.) kao]-ÿ-amb hnZym-e-b-ß-fmWv Xnc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. Ip´n-I-fpsS FÆwhfsc Ipd™ kvIqfp-Iƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-XmWvDNnXw. Kq∏v ]h¿Ø\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\pw sa‚dmbn ]h¿Øn-
°p--∂-Xn\v aXn-bmb A[ym-]-I¿ C√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw CXv CS-bm-°n-tb-°mw. tIcf hnZym- ymk hIp-∏ns‚ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]n¥pS-cp∂ kvIqfp-Iƒ amXta Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ ]mSp-≈q.
kvIqfp-Iƒ Is≠-Øp∂-Xn\v apºpXs∂ ][m\ A[ym-]-I-cp-ambn N¿®sNbvXv Ct‚¨jn-∏n-\p≈ A\p-a-Xn-°p- ian-°p-∂XvkvIqfpw sSbn-\nMv ÿm]\-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w kpZrV-am-°m≥klm-b-I-am-Ipw. kvIqfp-Iƒ Xnc-s™-SpØp Ign-™m¬ C°mcyw_‘-s∏´ Akn- v FPyp-t°-j≥ Hm^o-k¿, Pn√m hnZym- ymkHm^o-k¿, Ub-‰v F∂n-hsc tcJm-aqew Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
CØ-c-Øn¬ kvIqfp-Iƒ Xocp-am-\n®p Ign-™m¬ ASp-Ø-Xmbn\n¿h-ln-t°-≠Xv Cu kvIqfp-I-fnse ][m\m[ym-]-I¿°pwsa‚¿ A[ym-]-I¿°p-ap≈ ]cn-io-e-\-am-Wv.
So®nMv ]mIvSo-kn-\mbn Xnc-s™-SpØ hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse
][m\m[ym-]-I¿, klm-[ym-]-I¿ F∂n-h¿°p≈ ]cn-ioe\w-
]mIvSokv So®nßns‚ hni-Zmw-i-߃ N¿®sNøp-∂-Xn\vGI-Zn\ inev]-ime kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv DNn-Xw. F√mhcp-sSbpw km∂n[yw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v inev]-im-e-bpsS kwLm-S\XobXn ]c-kv]cw Btem-Nn®v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw DNn-Xw. inev]-im-e-bn¬ F.C.-H, Ub‰v ]Xn-\n[n F∂n-h-cpsSkm∂n[yw Dd∏p hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.inev]-im-e-bn¬ N¿®sNtø≠ Imcy-߃ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.
$ Hmtcm kvIqfnepw So®nMvv ]mIvSo-kn-\mbn FØp∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS FÆw.
$ So®nMv ]mIvSokv GtXXv amk-ß-fn¬ \S-°p∂p?$ So®nMv ]mIvSo-kns‚ hnhn[ taJ-e-Iƒ
41
˛ kvIqƒ A\p-`-h-߃ t\S¬.
˛ ]mIvSokv So®nMv
$ sa‚-dnMv hni-Zmw-i-߃.$ ][m\m[ym-]-Icpw klm[ym-]-Icpw ]n¥pW \¬tI≠
coXn.$ ][m\m[ym-]-I-¿°p≈ \n¿tZ-i-߃, dnt∏m¿´nMv
sa‚-dnMv ˛ hni-Zmw-i-߃
kvIqƒ Ct‚¨jn∏v IqSp-X¬ e-]-Z-am-°p-∂-Xn-\v 2013˛14A[y-b-\-h¿jw apX¬ sa‚-dnMv \S-∏nem°n hcp-I-bmWv.A[ym]IhnZym¿Yn t\Snb a\»mkvX-]-c-hpw Zm¿i-\n-I-hp-ambD≈-S°[mc-W-Iƒ kvIqƒ A¥-co-£-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-tºmƒHcp]t£ ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m≥ _p≤n-ap´pIƒ D≠m-tb-°mw. CuAh-k-c-Øn¬ kvIqfnse ]cn-Nbw kn≤n® Hcp A[ym-]nIbv°vA[ym-]IhnZym¿Ynsb Imcy-߃ ]d™v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm\pwBh-iy-amb ]n¥pW sImSp-°m\pw km[n-°pw. CØ-c-Øn¬]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-bmb Hcp A[ym-]nIbpw ]cn-io-e\w Bh-iy-ap≈ A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Ynbpw ]c-kv]cw Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \SØn^e-]-Z-amb kvIqƒ ]h¿Ø\w km[y-am-°p∂ ]In-b-bmWvsa‚dnMv. Cu ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS hgn-Im- ¬, D]-tZiw, ]n¥p-W, sa®-s∏-S-en-\p≈ \n¿tZ-i-߃ XpS-ßn-bh A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn°v e`n-°p-∂p. Ign-hp-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n®v t_m[-\]In-b-bn¬ anIhp ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Bfl-hn-izmkwsSbn-\n°v \¬I-emWv sa‚-dnßneqsS Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.
sa‚-dnMv t\ -߃
$ A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn°pw ]cn-io-e-Ibv°pw anI® A\p- -h-߃ kn≤n-°p-∂p.
$ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw Adn-hns‚ taJ-e-Iƒ hnI-kn-°p-∂p.
$ kvIqfp-ambn ASpØ _‘w ÿm]n-°m≥ A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn°v Ign-bp-∂p.
$ A[ym-]IhnZym- ymk ÿm]-\hpw (ITE) kvIqfpw XΩn-ep≈_‘w i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂p.
$ A[ym-]-\sØ ASp-Ø-dn-bm-\pw A[ym-]\sshZKv[yw h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.
$ hnZym- ym-k-cw-KØv anI® tkh\w A¿∏n-°m≥ Ignbpwhn[w kz¥w ]Xn` Xncn-®-dn™v hnI-kn-∏n°m≥ A[ym-]I hnZym¿Yn°v Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p.
Hcp sa‚¿°v ]c-am--h[n aq∂v A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-Isf (sa‚n)]cn-io-en-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-Isf hoXn®v\¬Im-\p≈ Npa-Xe AXXv A[ym-]IhnZym- ymk ÿm]-\-Øn-\m-bn-cn-°pw.
sa‚¿am¿°p≈ ]cn-io-e\w
sa‚-dnMv coXn-sb-°p-dn®v sa‚¿am¿°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. A[ym-]IhnZym- ymk ÿm]-\-amWv CXv kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb ]n¥pW Ub-‰p-I-fn¬ \n∂v tXtS-≠-Xm-Wv.
A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-t°≠ ][m\]h¿Ø-\-߃
$ ¢mkv \nco-£Ww
$ sa‚-dpsS klmbnbmbn ]h¿Øn-°¬
$ ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃ hnI-kn-∏n®p \¬I¬
$ Bkq-XWw
$ A[ym-]\w \n¿h-ln-°¬
$ ]T\w hne-bn-cp-ج
42
$ hnhn[ tcJ-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°¬
$ kvIqfnse hnhn[ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-I¬
C]-Imcw Hcp kvIqfn¬ \S-°p∂ F√m-Øcw ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw]cnNb-s∏-Sp∂-Xn\pw Xr]vXn-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\pap≈ klm-b-ß-fpw ]n¥p-Wbpw sa‚-dnßn-eqsS km[y-am-I-Ww.
So®nMv ]mIvSokv hni-Zmw-i-߃
So®nMv ]mIvSokv ska-ÿ 3 epw ska-ÿ 4 epamWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv. ska-ÿ 3 ¬ 45 Znhkw F¬.]n. hn`mKw tIµo-I-cn-®pw ska-ÿ 4 ¬ 45 Znhkw bp.]n. hn`mKw tIµo-I-cn-®p-amWv hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv.
]mIvSokv So®nßn\p≈ 45 Znh-k-Øn¬ BZy 5 Znhkw kvIqƒA\p- -h-߃ e`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw _m°n 40 Znh-k-߃ So®nMv]mIvSo-kn-\mbpw sNe-h-gn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. kvIqƒ A\p- -h-߃e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \o°nh®n- p≈ 5 Znh-k-ß-fn¬ sNøm-hp∂]h¿Ø-\-߃.$ kvIqƒ em_v sse_dn ]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpI.
$ D®`£W]cn-]m-Sn°v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-I.
$ ¢mkvdqw ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ klm-bn-°pI.
$ Ip´n-Isf \nco-£n-°pI.
$ k¿sh \S-ØpI.
$ ]n.Sn.F / kn.]n.-Sn.F. F∂n-h-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I.
$ ]mIvSn-°¬ ]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw \nco-£-W-߃°pw A`n-ap-J-߃°pw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.
Hcp sSbn-\n°v Hmtcm Znh-khpw c≠v /aq∂v ¢mkp-Iƒ e`n-°-
Ø° coXn-bn¬ ¢mkp-Iƒ Iao-I-cn-°-Ww.kvIqƒ ssSwtS-_n-fnse GsX√mw ]nco--Up-I-fmWv C]-Imcw e`n-°p-∂Xv F∂Xp kw_-‘n®v ap≥Iq- n-Øs∂ Xocp-am-\n-°p-IbpwAX-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kz¥w ]ncoUp-Iƒ AS-ßnb ssSwtS-_nƒA[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn kq£n-°p-Ibpw thWw. ¢mkv FSp-°p∂]nco-Up-Iƒ Hgn-sI-bp≈ _m°n ]nco-Up-Iƒ ]mIvSo-knMv So®-dp-sSbpw kl-]-Tn-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw Hmtcm ¢mkv hoXw Hmtcm hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn \nco-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn ssIImcyw sNøp∂ ¢mkp-Iƒ km[y-am-bXbpw sF.kn.-Sn. D]-tbm-Kn-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. CXn-\-\p-k-cn®v ]mTmkq-XWw \n¿h-ln-®n- p≠v F∂v So®¿FPyp-t°-‰¿am¿ Dd∏phcp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.Hcp mjm-hn-j-b-Ønepw (amXr- mj, Cw•o-jv, )Hcp mtj-X-c-hn-j-b-Ønepw ( C.hn.-Fkv/KWnXw/imkvXw/kmaq-ly-imkvXw)bqWn‰v sSÃp-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw AXv hmeyq sNbvXv \¬Ip-IbpwthWw. AXns‚ tNmZy-t]-∏¿, am¿°v jo‰v F∂nh Hmtcm A[ym-]IhnZym¿Ynbpw kq£n-°Ww. bqWn‰v sSÃn-\p≈ tNmZy-t]-∏¿, tNmZy-t]-∏¿ Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am\-Z-fi-߃ (norms)
A\p-k-cn -®mWv sNbvXn -´p -≈Xv F∂v AXXv So®¿FPyp-t°-‰¿am¿ Dd∏phcp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.
Ct‚¨jn∏v hne-bn-cp-ج
1,2 ska-Ã-dp-I-fnse kvIqƒ A\p- h ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv So®¿ FUyp-t°-‰¿am-cm-Wv. 3,4 ska-ÃdpI-fnse kvIqƒA\p- h ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS hne-bn-cp-ج kvtImdp-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂XvSo®¿ FPypt°-‰dpw sa‚dpw tN¿∂m-Wv. Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn-s‚bpwkvtIm¿ So®¿ FPypt°-‰dpw sa‚dpw bYm-Iaw 75%, 25% F∂A\p-]m-X-Øn-emWv \¬tI-≠-Xv.
43
Hmtcm ska-Ã-dn-tebpw Ct‚¨jn-∏n\v Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pwC+ tKUv (50- 59% kvtIm¿) F¶nepw t\Sn-bm¬ amXta A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn Ct‚¨jn∏v hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-XmbnIW-°m-°p-Ibp-≈q. kvtIm¿ tImUo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn t^m¿am‰vD]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Ct‚¨jn-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]tXy-I- \n¿tZ-i-߃
1. ]mIvSokv So®nMv thf-bn¬ Hmtcm Znh-k-sØbpw A\p- -h-߃ A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ IqSn-bn-cp∂p hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.kvIqƒ kabw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p∂ thf-bn¬ IqSn-bn-cn-°p-IbpwN¿®sNøpIbpw hni-Zmw-i-߃ an\p-Svkn¬ FgpXn kq£n-°pIbpw thWw. CXv kvIqƒ dntkmgvkv Kq∏v (Fkv.-B¿Pn.) ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mtbm-Kn-I-]-cn-io-e-\-ambn IW-°n-se-Sp-°m-hp∂-Xm-Wv. CXn-\p≈ \n¿tZ-i-߃ So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿am¿ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Iq´mb Bkq-X-W-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX t_m[y-s∏-Sp-ØpIbpw sNtø-≠-XmW.v kvIqƒXe Fkv.-B¿.-Pn., ¢mkv ]n.Sn.-F., Fkv.-F-kv.-Pn. F∂n-h-bn-se√mw
A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn ]s¶-Sp-°Wsa∂v \n¿tZ-iw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.
2. kvIqƒ Ct‚¨jn-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´ ¢mkp-Iƒ icn-bmb coXn-bn-ep≈ ]mTm-kq-XWw \n¿h-ln-®mWv FSp-°p-∂-sX∂pw hni-I-e-\-¢m-kp-Iƒ \n¿tZ-in® ]ImcwXs∂ \S°p-∂p-sh∂pwAXXv hnj-b-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap≈ So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿am¿ Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿ \nc-¥cwkvIqƒ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-I-fpsS]h¿Ø\w icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ \S-°p∂p F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw X’-ab]n¥pW \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw. kµ¿i-\-th-f-bn¬ \nco-£n-°p∂ A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-I-fpsS ]mTm-kqX--W-tc-J-bn¬ ¢mkv \nco-£Ww \S-Øn-b-Xmbn tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Øn H∏p hbvt°--≠-Xm-Wv. So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿am-cpsSkµ¿i\w sF.Sn.-C. Xe-Øn¬ hnZym-e-b-k-µ¿i-\- sj-UyqƒXbm-dm-°n X’-ab]n¥pW Dd∏phcp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.
3. So®nMv ]mIvSokv thf-bn¬ kvIqƒ Akwªn ^e-]-Z-ambnBkq-XWw sNøp-∂-Xn\p≈ ]mtbm-Kn-I-]-cn-io-e\w,hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v A°m-Z-an-I-k-lmbw \¬Ip-∂-Xv kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]cn-io-e-\w, Inbm-K-th-j-W-Øns‚ ]-tbmKw, hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ ssKU≥kv & Iu¨k-enMv XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms° ]cn--io-en-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-kcw F∂nh e`y-am-°-Ww. sa‚dmbn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ A[ym-]-I-cn¬ \n∂v Bh-iy-amb am¿K-\n¿tZi߃ kzoI-cn®v ]h¿Ø-\-߃ kpK-a-ambn \n¿h-ln-°m-\p≈ A¥-co-£w Hcp-t°-≠Xv AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
4. A[ym-]\]cn-io-e\w ]q¿Øn-bmbn°gn-™m¬ HmtcmkvIqfpw Hcp dnt∏m¿ v Xbmdm°n A[ym-]I]cn-io-e\ tIµ-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°-Ww. CXn-\mbn ]tXyI ]t^m¿a Xbm-dm°nhnZym-e-b-Øn\v \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsSlmP¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb _p°pw dnt∏m¿´n-s\m∏w ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.Hmtcm A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-bp-sSbpw ]h¿Ø-\-an-I-hp kw_-‘n®v sa‚¿ \¬Ip∂ hne-bn-cp-ج dnt∏m¿´pw kvIqƒ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ CtXm-sSm∏w ka¿∏n-°-Ww.
5. A[ym-]I]cn-io-e\thf-I-fnse i\n-bm-gvN-I-fn¬ sF.Sn.C.tIµo-I-cn®v A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-I-fp-ambn N¿® \S-Ø-Ww.So®nMv ]mIvSokv thf-bnse ]iv\-߃, kvIqƒ A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS at\m- m-hw, anI-hp-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh N¿® sNtø-≠-XmWv.]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ASn-b-¥c\S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°-Ww. Ub-‰v, F.C.H. F∂n-h-cpsS ]n¥pW C°m-cy-Øn¬Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
44
t_m[-\-im-kvX-]-c-amb A]-K-Y\w
So®nMv am\z¬ Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv Xbm-dm-t°≠ Bkq-X-W-tc-J-bmWv t_m[-\-im-kvX-]-c-amb A]-K-Y\w (Pedagogic
Analysis). Hmtcm So®dpw ¢mkv FSp-°m≥ Xbm-dm-hp-∂-Xn-\p-apºvkzbw Nne tNmZy-߃°v DØcw Is≠-tØ-≠-XmWv.
$ GXp ¢mkv?$ GXp hnjbw?$ GXp bqWn‰v?$ GXp ]T-\m-ibw?$ GXp ]T-\-t\´w?$ tbm-Py-amb ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Fs¥√mw?$ DNnX-amb t_m[-\-co -Xnbpw t_m[-\-X-¥-ßfpw
Fs¥√mw?$ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]T-\-km-a-Kn-Ifpw ]T-t\m-]-I-c-Wßfpw
GsX√mw?$ Bh-iy-amb ka-b-saX?$ kzoI-cn-t°≠ aqey-\n¿W-b-X-¥-߃ Fs¥ms°?$ Ip´n-I-fn¬ hnI-kn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp≈ aqey-ßfpw
at\m- m-h-ßfpw Fs¥√mw?Cu tNmZy߃°p≈ DØcw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv
Hcp A[ym-]nIbv°v icn-bmb Xbm-sd-Sp∏v \S-Øm≥ Ign-bp-I.ta¬∏-d™ Imcy-ß-sf√mw Hcp ]´n-I-bn-te°v k∂n-th-in-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv s]U-tKm-KnIv A\m-en-kn-kv. s]U-tKm-KnIv
A\m-en-knkv \S-Øp-∂-Xp-hgn A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v ]mT-]p-kvX-I-hp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw D≈-S-°-sØ-°p-dn®v Bg-Øn-ep≈ [mcW Dd-∏p-h-cp -Øm\pw Ign-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. AXvt_m[\]Inbsb kpK-a-am-°p-∂p. s]U-tKm-KnIv A\m-en-knkn\v D]-tbm-Kn -°m-hp∂ Hcp amXrIm]-´nI XmsgsImSp°p∂p.
t_m[-\-im-kvX-]-c-amb A]-K-Y\w (am-Xr-I)
t_m[\-im-kvX-]-c-amb A]-K-Y-\hpwSo®nMv am\zepw
¢mkv :hnjbw :bqWn‰v :
]T-\m-ibw
]T-\-t\´w
]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-
߃
t_m[-\ -co-Xnbpw
X¥-ßfpw
]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃
Bh-iy-ambkabw
hne-bn-cp-جX¥-߃
aqey-߃at\m- m-h-
߃
A[ymbw 5
45
So®nMv am\z¬
AX-Xp-Im-eØv kzoI-cn-°-s∏- n- p≈ Z¿i-\-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®vA\p-tbm-Py-amb So®nMv am\z¬ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXn-´p-f-f-Xv. \ne-hn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂ So®nMv am\z-en\v aq∂p- m-K-ß-fp-≠v. H∂mw mK-Øn¬ A[ym-]nI-bpsS t]cv, ¢mkv, hnZym-e-bw, hnjbw, XobXn, ka-bw, ]T-\-t\- w, ]T-\-km-aKn F∂n-h-bmWv Fgp-tX-≠-Xv.
c≠mw `mKsØ c≠p tImf-ß-fp≈ ]´n-I-bmbn Xncn®v H∂mwtImfØn¬ ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\hpw c≠mw tImf-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-I-fp-amWv Fgp-tX-≠-Xv. s]U-tKm-KnIv A\m-en-kn-knseaq∂mw tImf-Øn¬ ]d-™n- p≈ ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ßsf as‰√mtImf-ß-fnepw ]d™ Imcy-߃ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v Adn-hp-\n¿am-W-]-In-bbv°v tbmPn® ¢mkvdqw ]In-b-I-fmbn hn]p-eo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
So®nMv am\z-ens‚ aq∂mw `mKØv ]Xn- -e-\-°p-dn-∏p-I-fmWvFgptX≠-Xv. CXv ¢mkv]h¿Ø\w ]q¿Øn-bmbXn\p-ti-j-amWvFgptX≠-Xv.
]Inb/ ]h¿Ø-\-Iaw hne-bn-cp-ج
]Xn- -e-\-°p-dn∏v:
So®nMv am\z¬ (am-Xr-I)
hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ t]cv :
A[ym-]n-I-bpsS t]cv :
¢mkv :
hnjbw :
XobXn :
kabw :
]T-\-t\- -߃ :
46
A[ymbw 6 kaqlkº¿° Iymºv(IΩyq-Wn‰n enhnMv Iymºv)
anI® A[ym-]Isc krjvSn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ kaql kº¿°Iymºn\v henb ]¶p- h-ln-°m-\p-≠v. Bib hn\n-abtijn-,ASp°pw Nn -bpw, ]Xn-Iqekml-N-cy-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-°m-\p≈tijn, Hmtcm -hy-‡n-bnepap≈ Iem- -Im-bnI k¿K-ti-jn-IfpsS]cn-t]m-jWw, n∂-]›m-Ø-e-ap≈ kaq-l-tØm-sSm∏w Pohn-°m-\p≈ tijn, t\Xr]mShw, kaq-l-Ønse ]iv\-߃ Xncn-®-dn™v Ah-tcmsSm∏w ]cn-lmc]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-S¬ XpS-ßnb KpW-߃ A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-IbmWv Iymºn-eqsS e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv.
Iymºns‚ \S-Øn∏v
$ Iymºns‚ ssZ¿Lyw ]Xn-\©p Znh-k-am-Wv.
$ (4 x 100 = 400 F∂ ska-ÿ ]hrØnZnh-k-߃°p ]pd-sa-bmWv Cu Znh-k-߃)
$ ]Xn-\©p Znhkw H‰ L -amtbm ]Øv / A©v Znh-k-I-a-Øn¬ c≠p L -amtbm Iymºv kwL-Sn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ ]ØpZnh-ksØ ]h¿Ø\w kz¥w Imº-knepw A©pZnh-ksØ ]h¿Ø\w kaq-l-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n®pw kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ A©p-Zn-h-ksØ ]h¿Ø\w Pn√-bv°-ItØm ]pdtØmkwÿm\Øn\v ]pdtØm a‰p ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn tN¿t∂m\S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ Iymºn¬ F√m A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-I-fp-sSbpw ]¶m-fnØw\n¿_-‘-amWv.
$ Iymºv dkn-U≥jy¬ kz`m-h-tØmSp IqSnbXmbn-cn-°pw.
$ Hmtcm Znh-k-sØbpw ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃Dƒs∏SpØnb samUyqƒ Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
Iymºns‚ samUyq-fn¬ Xmsg ]d-bp-∂h Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ hy‡nXzhnImk]h¿Ø-\-߃
$ Ie, ImbnI, ]hrØn]cn-Nb C\-߃
$ ]T-t\m-]-I-cW inev]ime-Iƒ/ ]mh-\m-SI-߃
$ ÿm]\ kµ¿i-\-߃, ^o¬Uv kµ¿i-\w
$ BtcmKy-¢m-kp-Iƒ ˛ \nb-am-h-t_m-[w, enwK-]Zhnhn-Zym- ymkw
$ ]m¿e-sa‚dn ]h¿Ø\w
$ Imºkv kuµcyh¬°-c-Ww
$ Imbn-I-]-h¿Ø-\-߃ ssk¢nMv, \o¥¬
$ h\-h¬°-cWw
$ ]cn-ÿ nXnkwc-£W]h¿Ø-\-߃
$ kaq-l-Ønse Ahihn`m-K-ßsf klm-bn-°¬
$ ssPh-Irjn/ imkvXob Irjn
$ taf-Iƒ
47
$ kmaq-lnIk¿thIƒ
$ tZin-tbm-ZvKY\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ
$ ]IrXn]T\ Iymºp-Iƒ
XpS-ßnb sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Iymºns‚ mK-ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-XmW.v CXn\m-h-iy-amb samUyqƒap≥Iq´n Xbm-dm-°Ww.
˛ A[ym]IhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsSbpw So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿amcp-sSbpw
kwbp‡kan-Xn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-¬ Iymºns‚ apgp-h≥ ]cn-
]m-Sn-Ifpw Bkq-XWw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.
˛ Iymºv Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºp-Xs∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ap≥Iq´n
Xbm-dm°n ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-Ww.
˛ Iymºns‚ hchpsNe-hv, kmº-ØnIhn\n-abw F∂nh
A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ Xs∂ \n¿h-ln-
t°-≠Xpw sF.Sn.C. ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-amWv.
Iymºp-ambn _‘-s∏ v Xbm-dmt°-≠ tcJ-Iƒ
$ hni-Z-amb t]mKmw sjUyqƒ
$ ssZ\wZn\ kabhnhc ]´nI
$ Iymºv Ubdn
$ ssZ\w-Zn\ Iymºv ]Xw/dnt∏m¿ v
$ kµ¿iI Ubdn
$ _P‰pw hchpsNehp IW-°p-Ifpw
$ t^mt´m Dƒs∏Sp∂ tUmIyp-sa-t‚-j≥
Iymºns‚ hne-bn-cp-ج
˛ 15 Znhk Iymºns‚ BsI kvtIm¿ 40 BWv.
˛ BsI kvtImdns\ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ A©v am\-Z-fi-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v hne-bn-cp-ج \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
1. Iymºv Ubdn
2. D¬∏∂߃
Iymºv sjUyqƒ
˛ _P‰v hchpsNe-hp-Iƒ
˛ t^mt´m Dƒs∏sS UnPn-‰¬ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ
˛ Iymºv ]X߃
3. hy‡nXzhnIm-khpw/ t\Xr-Kp-Whpw
4. kmaq-lnI ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ
5. \na-·X (Involvement of the Student)
$ Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ hnhn[ sF.Sn. C.IfpsS Iymºv \S-Øn-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn Bkq-XW Ah-tem-I\ tbmK-߃\S-Øp∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb am¿K\n¿tZ-i-߃ Ub‰v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ sF.Sn.-C.-Iƒ Iymºv sjUyqƒ Xbm-dm°n Iymºv Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn _‘-s∏´ Ub-‰p-Iƒ°v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw tamWn-‰-dnßpw Ub-‰pIƒ \S-ØWw.
48
A[ymbw 7 ]T\bmX
]T-\-Øn-eqsS Adn™ ÿe-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw t\cn¬ I≠vt_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂Xn\p≈ Ah-k-c-ß-fmWv ]T-\-bm-X-Iƒ. Hcp]T-\-X-¥-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ]T\-bm-X-Iƒ Bkq-X-W -sN-øm\pw^e-]-Z-ambn kwL-Sn-∏n-°m\pap≈ A\p- -h-ßfpw tijn-Ifpwt\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-I- F-∂Xv A[ym-]IhnZym¿Yn-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXy¥mt]£n-X-am-Wv. CXneqsS hnt\m-Z-Øn\pwhn⁄m-\-Øn\pw Ah-kcw e`n°p∂p. ]T-\-bm-Xbv°v Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-hp∂ ÿe-߃/ ÿm]\-߃.
˛ kwÿm\Øn\-IØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ anI® hnZym-`ymkÿm]-\-߃
˛ ]tXyI ]cn-KW\b¿ln-°p-∂-h¿°p≈ hnZym- ymkw/ ]cn-io-e\w/ NnIn’ \¬Ip∂ ÿm]-\-߃
˛ imkvX/ KWnX/ kmaqlyimkvX/ kmt¶-XnI ayqkn-b߃/ sldnt‰Pv ayqkn-b߃.
˛ arK-im-e-Iƒ, q]-IrXnsshhn-[y-ap≈ ÿe-߃
˛ πm\-t‰-dn-b-߃
˛ \n¿amW ime-Iƒ
˛ KWnX ˛ imkvX ˛ ]hrØn]cn-Nb ]Z¿i-\-߃
˛ anI® et_m-d- -dn-Iƒ
˛ NcnX]m[m-\y-ap≈ ÿe-߃
˛ kmwkvIm-cnIÿm]-\-߃
]T\bmX-bpsS \S-Øn-∏v
$ ]T\bmX-bnse ]¶m-fnØw \n¿_-‘-am-Wv.
$ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ kzbw ]T-\-bm-X-bpsS Bkq-XWw \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ ]T-\-bm-X-bpsS \n¿h-l-Ww, kmº-ØnIhn\n-a-bw, hchpsNehv IW-°p-Iƒ F∂nh hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ kzbw \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ aq∂p Znh-k-Øn¬ Ipd-bmØ ]T-\-bm-X-bmWv kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv.
$ t^mt´m Dƒs∏-Sp∂ dnt∏m¿ v, Ubdn F∂nh Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ dq vam∏v, ssZ\w-Zn\ ]h¿Ø\-߃ F∂nh Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ kµ¿i\]cn-]mSnIƒ°v Bh-iy-amb A\p-a-Xn- ap≥Iq´nhmßn-®n-cn-°-Ww. hnZym- ym-k-h-Ip∏v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® am¿K\n¿tZ-i-߃ ]men-®n-cn-°-Ww.
]T\bmXbpsS hne-bn-cp-ج
]T-\-bm-Xbv°v BsI 20 kvtIm¿ BWv. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ 5 C\-߃ IW-°n-se-SpØv hne-bn-cp-ج \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
(1) Bkq-X-W-Øn-ep≈ ]¶pw t\Xr-Kp-Whpw$ dq v am∏v$ _P‰v
$ hchvsNehv XpS-ßn-b-h.
(2) UnPn-‰¬ tUmIyp-sa-t‚-j≥(3) hy‡n-KX Ubdn
$ ssZ\wZn\ kabhnh-c-∏- nI XpS-ßn-b-h.
(4) kµ¿in® ÿm]-\-Øns‚/ ÿe-Øns‚ hnZym- ymk]c-amb]k-‡n
(5) dn vf-£≥ t\m v
4 9
hne-bn-cp-ج X¥-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Ifpw
aqey-\n¿Wbw
A[ym]IhnZym`ymk ]Inb AXns‚ e£yßfneq∂n\nc¥chpw kaKhpambn hnebncpØs∏SWw. hnebncpØens‚ Z¿i\w, ]tbmKw F∂nhbpsS kmwKXyw A[ym]IhnZym¿Yn°v kzmbØ-am°m≥ km[n°p∂ coXnbnemIWwA[ym]I-hnZym`ymk]InbbpsS hnebncpج. CtXmsSm∏wsshhn[y-am¿∂Xpw bp‡hpamb coXn -I-fn -eq -sS -bpwX¥ßfneqsSbpw \nc¥chpw kaKhpambn A[ym]IhnZym¿-YnIfpsS tijnIfpsS hnebncpج \S°pIbpw thWw.
Bib[mcWIƒ, ]tbmKsshZKv[yw, at\m`mh߃,A`ncpNnIƒ, tijnIƒ, ss\]pWnIƒ, kmaqlnI sshImcnIXe߃ F∂o taJeIƒ hnebncpØs∏SWw. A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn -Iƒ°v kzbw hnebncpج, kl]TnXmhns‚hnebncpج, A[ym]I/hnZKv[cpsS hnebncpجF∂nhbneqsS ]T\w hnebncpØm\pw apt∂dm\pwAhkcap≠mIWw. CtXmsSm∏w A[ym]IhnZym`ymkÿm]\ßsfbpw ]h¿Ø\]cn]mSnIsfbpw hnebncpØen\vhnt[bam°Ww.
A[ym]IhnZym`ymkØns‚ aqey\n¿Wbkao]\sØCßs\ tImUoIcn°mw:
$ aqey\n¿Wb]Inb \nc¥chpw kaKhpambncn°Ww.
$ A[ym]Iss\]pWnIƒ FXtØmfw ssIhcn®pF∂Xn\mWv ]m[m\yw \¬tI≠Xv.
$ t\Snb [mcWIfpsS ]tbmKXeØnep≈ IgnhpIƒ-°mWvDu∂¬ \¬tI≠Xv.
$ ]T\hnjbßfpsS ssh⁄m\nIXew amXa√,kmaqlnI˛sshImcnI Xew IqSn ]cnKWnt°≠Xp≠v.
$ kzbw hnebncpØnbpw ÿm\\n¿Wbw \SØnbpwapt∂dm≥ t]cW \¬Ip∂ coXnimkvXamWvkzoIcnt°≠Xv.
$ A[ym]I]cnioeIcpsS hnebncpج, am\IoIcW-Øn\mbp≈ _mlyhnebncpج, kvIqƒ A\p- h]cn-]m-Sn -bp -ambn _‘s∏´ ]IS\߃ XpSßn hnhn[kt¶X߃ CXn\mbn ]tbmP\-s∏SpØmw.
$ \nc¥caqey\n¿Wbw, tSwaqey\n¿Wbw F∂nhbv°vBt]£nI ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn- p-≠v.
$ FgpØp]co£bn¬ Adnhns‚ ]tbmKXesØ°pdn®pwkm[yXIsf°pdn®pap≈ [mcWIfpw \ne]mSpIfpamWvhnebncpØp∂-Xv.
$ BkqXWw, hnhctiJcWw, kmaKnIfpsS hn\ntbmKw,kab˛hn`h amt\Pvsa‚ v, ]iv\hniIe\w, tIkvhnebncpج, A\p`hhniIe\w, ^oUv_m°v \¬I¬,XpSßnb A[ym]Iss\]pWnIƒ°v ]m[m\yw\¬InbmWv \nc¥caqey\n¿Wbhpw hnZymeb A\p`h-]cn]mSnIfpsS hnebncpØepw \n¿hlnt°≠-Xv.
$ aqey\n¿Wb]Inb kpXmcyhpw am\hnIhpambncn°Ww.
$ hnZymeb A\p`h]cn]mSnIƒ°mbn Xncs™Sp°p∂hnZymebw, sa‚¿ F∂nhcpsS oUv_m°v ]cnKWn-°Ww.
hne-bn-cp-جA[ymbw 8
5 0
$ aqey\n¿Wb]InbbpsS hnizmkyX, kpXmcyX,hkvXp\njvTX F∂nh Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\v klmbI-ambKpWmflI hnebncpج kqNI߃ D]-tbm-Kn-°Ww.
Un.-F¬.-FUv. tImgvkn\v BsI 1600 kvtImdm-Wp-≈-Xv. CXn¬760 kvtIm¿ ]mtbm-KnI]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw 840 kvtIm¿ BXy-¥nI hne-bn-cp-Ø-emb s]mXp-]-co-£-bv°p-ambn \o°n-h-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]mtbm-Kn-I-]-h¿Ø-\-߃°p≈ 760 kvtImdn¬ 360kvtIm¿ \mep-sk-a-Ã-dp-I-fnse F√m t]∏-dp-I-fpsSbpw \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-Øen\v (kn.-C.) th≠n-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. _m°n-bp≈ 400¬ 340 kvtIm¿ kvIqƒ A\p- -h-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°pw 40 kvtIm¿kl-hm-k-Iym-ºn\pw 20 kvtIm¿ ]T-\-bm-Xbv°pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
kvtImdp-I-fpsS tImUo-I-cWw
tKUnMv kº-Zmbw
A[ym-]IhnZym¿Ynsb hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn 7 t]mb‚ vA_vk-eyq v tKUnMv kº-Zm-b-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. kvtImdp-Iƒ \¬Inb tijw kvtIm¿ iX-am-\sØ 7 tKUp-I-fm°nam‰p∂p.
tKUv ]´nI Xmsgs°mSp-°p∂p.
kvtIm¿ iX-am\w tKUv
90-100 A+
80 -89 A
70- 79 B+
60 - 69 B
50- 59 C+
40-49 C
0-39 D
skaÃdpI-fnse F√m t]∏-dp-Iƒ°pw kn.-C, Sn.C. hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-I-fn¬ Hmtcm∂n\pw ]tXy-I-ambn Ipd-™Xv C+ tKUv (50- 59 %)
F¶nepw e`n®m¬ amXta tImgvkv hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-IpI-bp≈q. Hmtcm skaÃdnep-ap-ff Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw kvIqƒ A\p--h-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v Ipd-™Xv C+ tKUv (50- 59 %) F¶nepw t\S-Ww.
kl-hm-k-Iym-ºv, ]T-\-bmX F∂n-hbv°pw ]tXy-I-ambn Ipd-™-Xv. C+ tKUv (50- 59 %) F¶nepw t\S-Ww.\nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ tImUo-I-cWw
sshhn-[y-am¿∂ hn\n-abX¥-ßfpw ]T\kt¶-X-ßfpw Kth-j-W-co-Xn-Ifpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv Un.-F¬.-FU.vtImgvkns‚ ]T\w cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnj-b-Øn-s‚bpw kµ¿ -Øns‚bpw kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn®p kao-]-\-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-ambn IqSp-X¬ tbmPn-®-sX-∂p -tXm-∂p-∂Xv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v A[ym-]I]cn-io-e\ ÿm]-\-߃°v kzmX¥yap≠m-bn-cn-°pw. skan-\m¿, kntºm-kn-bw, kwhmZw, N¿® XpS-ßnb C\-ßfpw t]mPIvSv, tIkv ÃUn, k¿sh, tkmtjym-saSn,ssSHu v apX-emb K-th-jW]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw NnX-c-N-\, \mS-Iw, \rØw, ]mh-\m-S-Iw apX-emb ]I-S\ cq]-ßfpw Ipdn-∏p-
ska-ÿ kn.-C. Sn.C CE + TE Ct‚¨ kl-hm-k- ]T-\- BsI BsI jn∏v Iymºv bmX
S1 120 140 260 40 - - 300
S2 120 260 380 40 - - 420
S3 60 220 280 130 -- 410
S4 60 220 280 130 40 20 470
Total 360 840 1200 340 40 20 1600
5 1
Iƒ, ]_-‘-߃ XpS-ßnb Assk≥sa‚p-Ifpw ]mTy-]-≤Xnhn\n-a-b-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. Ch ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-ج \S-tØ-≠-Xv.
I. ssh⁄m\nItaJebnse hnebncpج
A[ym]IhnZym¿Yn ]Tn°p∂ F√m hnjbßfpw CutaJebn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂p. hnjbßfpambn _‘s∏´ Bib[mc-WIƒ, A`ncpNnIƒ, ss\]pWnIƒ, tijnIƒ F∂nhhnebncpØp∂p. CXv ]T\]InbbpsS hnebncpج, t]m¿ v-t^mfntbm hnebncpج, bqWn‰vXe hnebncpج, BXy¥nIhnebncpج (tSw Chmepthj≥) F∂nßs\ \SØmw.
]T\]InbbpsS `mKamb hnebncpج
]h¿Ø\ßfnse ]¶mfnØw, Bib[mcWIƒ, tijn-IƒB¿Pn°¬, ]IS\w/AhXcWw F∂nßs\ ]T\-]InbbpsS `mKambn hnebncpج amdWw. kzbwhnebncpج, ]ckv]chnebncpج, A[ym]nIbpsShnebncpج F∂o kt¶XßfneqsS k¿KmflIambnDNnXamb kmaKnIfpw D]IcWßfpw ASnÿm\am°nkaKambpw \nc¥cambpw \SØWw. ]T\Øn\pth≠nbp≈hnebncpØepw ]T\w Xs∂ hnebncpØembpw amdp∂\nebnte°v hnebncpج amdWw.
t]m¿ vt^mfntbm hnebncpج
AXXv hnjbßfpsS ]T\]h¿Ø\ØneqsS IS∂p-t]mIptºmƒ cq]s∏Sp∂ F√m D¬∏∂ßfpw t]m¿´v -t^mfntbmbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØn hnebncpØWw. (dn^vfIvSohvtPW¬, BIvj≥ dnk¿®v, tIkvÃUn dnt∏m¿´v, ]T\-]h¿Ø\Øns‚ `mKambn DcpØncnbp∂ a‰v F√m
D¬∏∂ßfpw) kzbw hnebncpØen\pw A[ym-]-Is‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\pap≈ km[yXIƒ Xpd∂nSWw.
bqWn‰vXe hnebncpج
Hmtcm bqWn‰nepw A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿Yn-I-fpsS ]T\-]ptcmKXnhnebncpØWw. CXn\mbn InbmflIamb X¥ßƒD]tbmKs∏SpØmw. td‰nMv kvsIbn¬, sN°venÃv F∂oD]m[nIƒ D]tbmKn®v ]T\]ptcmKXn hne-bncpØm\pw sF.Sn./Hm¨sse≥ km[yX D]tbmKs∏SpØn GIoIrXambImebfhn¬ \ne-hmcw A]vtemUv sNøm\pap≈ km[yXIƒDƒs∏SpØWw.
ska-Ã-dm-¥y-hn-e-bn-cp-ج (End Semester Assessment - ESA)
Hmtcm ska-ÿ A¥y-Ønepw Pn√m ]co£m kan-Xn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Pn√m-Xe Ct‚-W¬ ]co£ (C.-F-kv.-F) AXXv ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXns‚ kvtImdn\v AXXv hnj-b-Øns‚ kn.C kvtImdn¬ 50 % shbn-t‰Pv D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. C.-kv.-F-bpsS tNmZy--t∏-∏¿, ka-b-I-aw, aqey-\n¿W-b-coXn F∂nh Ub‰vAXXv ka-b-ß-fn¬ a‰v sF.-Sn.-C-Isf Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
BXy¥nI hnebncpج (tSw Chmepthj≥)
D≈S°taJeIƒ°pw ]mtbmKnIm\p`h߃°pw Du∂¬\¬Ins°m≠v sshhn[yap≈ tNmZyamXrIIƒ D]tbmKn®vs]mXp]co£ \SØWw. \S-Øp∂ FgpØp]co-£-I-fpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃ XpS¿∂p≈ `mKØv hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
5 2
II. kmaqlnI - sshImcnItaJebnse hnebncpج
tImgvkns‚ `mK-ambn Iymºp-Ifpw ]T-\-bm-X-Ifpw \n¿tZ-in®n´p-≠v. 15 Znhkw ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-XmWv kaq-l-k-º¿° kl-hmk Iymºv. CXv Hcp L -amtbm c≠p-L- -amtbm \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]T-\-bm-X-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw A°m-Z-anIe£y-tØm-sS-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. tIc-f-Øn-\-IØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ ]i-kvX-ambÿm]-\-߃, hnZym-e-b-߃, `n∂-ti-jn-°m¿°p≈ ÿm]-\-߃/kvIqfp-Iƒ, Ncn-X, imkvX KWnXimkvX ÿm]-\-߃F∂n-h-bmWv kµ¿i-\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. Cu taJ-e-bpsShne-bn-cp-ج am\-Zfi߃ XpS¿∂p≈ mKØv hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p≠v.
III. A[ym]\tijnIfpsS ]tbmKsshZKv[ywhnebncpج
kvIqƒ A\p`h]cn]mSnbpsS `mKambn A[ym-]I hnZym¿Yn-bpsS at\m`mh߃, [mcWIƒ, A[ym]\ ss\]pWnIƒF∂nh hnebncpØWw. hniIe\ ¢mkpIƒ, \nco£W¢mkpIƒ, ssSHu´pIƒ, t]mPIvSpIƒ, At\zj-WmflI]h¿Ø\߃, hnhcWmflIamb \nco£WßfpwhkvXp\njvTamb A`n]mbßfpw tcJs∏SpØnb sa‚dnMvdnt∏m¿´v F∂nh hnebncpØens‚ `mKambn ]cnKWn°mw.kvIqƒ A\p`h]cn]mSnbpsS \nc¥c hnebncpج kvtImdp-Iƒ AXXpkabw A]vtemUv sNøp∂Xn\p≈ Hm¨sse≥km[yXIfp≈ GIoIrX sh_vt]m¿´¬ hnIkn∏n°p∂-XmWv.kvIqƒ A\p`h]cn]mSn X’abw Pn√mXe/ kwÿm\Xe]co£mt_m¿UpIfpsSbpw tamWn-‰-dnwMv kan-Xn-bp-sSbpwhnebncpØen\v hnt[bam°p∂XmWv. ÿm]\XeØn¬kvIqƒ A\p`h]cn]mSnbpsS \SØn∏v/ tamWn‰dnMv F∂nhb-v°mbn ]tXyI kanXnIƒ cq]oIcn°Ww.
IV. ÿm]\ßfpsS X’ab tamWn‰dnßpwhnebncpØepw
A¿Y]q¿Wamb ]T\w \S°p∂ CSßfmIWw A[ym-]I--hnZym`ymk ÿm]\߃. CXn\p≈ \nc¥c hnebncp-Øepw]n¥pWm-kwhn[m\hpw ÿm]\߃°v e`yam°p-∂-XmWv.ÿm]\anIhpIƒ Ip´nIfpsS anIhpIfpambn XmcXayw sNbvXvhnebncpØp∂ coXn Ahew_n°mhp∂-XmWv. ÿm]\߃A°mZanIπm\pIƒ Xbmdm°Ww. anIhm¿∂ ]h¿Ø\-amXrIIƒ ]tXyI t]m¿´epIfn¬ A]vtemUv sNbvXv hn\nabwsNøm\pw kzbw hnebncpØm\pw Ahkcsamcp°Ww. Pn√m-Xe tamWn-‰-dnMv kan-Xn-Iƒ CXn-\m-h-iy-amb ]h¿Ø\w Bkq-XWw sNbvXv \S-∏m-°-Ww.
ÿm]\anI-hp-Iƒ tUmIyp-sa‚ v sNøpIbpw Pn√mXeØn¬Ub‰ns‚ t\XrXzØn¬ skan\mdpIƒ kwLSn∏n®v hn\nabwsNøpIbpw thWw.
CE kvtImdp-IfpsS tImUo-I-cWw
Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn-s‚bpw CE kvtIm¿ IW-°m-t°-≠Xv Xmsg]d-bp∂ 4 C\-ßfpsSbpw C.F-kv.-F. bpsSbpw kvtImdp-I-fpsSASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw.1. ]h¿Ø\ Ubdn2. bqWn‰v sSÃv3. D¬∏∂-߃ Literary items
Non literary items
4. s]¿t^m-a≥kv/ ]mIvSn°¬
Hmtcm C\-sØbpw 5 kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øn-bmWv kvtIm¿ \¬tI-≠-Xv. kqN-I-߃ aqey-\n¿Wb am¿K-tc-J-bn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≠v. C\-ß-fpsS t^m¿am-‰p-Iƒ Xmsg
5 3
kqNn-∏n-°-∂p.
1. ]h¿Ø\ Ubdn - Form-A1 (F√m ska-Ã-dp-Iƒ°pw)
2. bqWn‰v sSÃv - Form-A2(F√m ska-Ã-dp-Iƒ°pw)3. (a) Literary items Form-A3(a)(F√m ska-Ã-dp-Iƒ°pw) (b) Non literary items Form-A3(b)(F√m ska-Ã-dp-Iƒ°pw)4. s]¿t^m-a≥kv/ ]mIvSn°w Form-A4(F√m ska-Ã-dp-Iƒ°pw)5. ska-Ã-dm¥y hne-bn-cp-ج kvtIm¿ (ESA)-Form A5 (F√mska-Ã-dp-Iƒ°pw)
ta¬-sIm-SpØ 1 apX¬ 4 hsc C\-߃°v 50% shbn-t‰PpwC.-F-kv.F kvtImdn\v 50% shbn-t‰Ppw tN¿ØmWv kn.-C bpsSBsI kvtIm¿ \n¿-W-bn-°p-∂-Xv.$ \mev C\-ß-fp-sSbpw kvtImdp-Ifpw Pn√m-Xe ]co£ kan-
Xn-bpsS ta¬t\m- -Øn¬ ÿm]-\-X-e-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ ]co-£-bp-sS kvtImdpw kwtbm-Pn∏n®mWv hnj-b-Øns‚ CE
kvtIm¿ \¬tI≠-Xv. CXn-\p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠XvForm-B BWv. Nne hnj-b-߃°v CE 20 kvtImdpw a‰pNne hnj-b-߃°v 10 kvtImdp-amWv D≈-Xv. Form-Bbn¬CXv tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ ska-Ã-dnse F√m t]∏-dp-I-fp-sSbpw CE kvtIm¿ tImUo-I-cWw
\mep ska-Ã-dp-I-fp-sSbpw tImUo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn]tXyIw t^m¿am-‰p-Ifp≠v.
Form-C1(H∂mw ska-ÿ)Form-C2(c≠mw ska-ÿ)Form-C3(aq∂mw ska-ÿ)Form-C4(\memw ska-ÿ)
$ Ct‚¨jn∏v kvtImdp-I-fpsS tImUo-IcWw
Hmtcm -hn-j-b-Øn-s‚ Ct‚¨jn∏v hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v]tXyIw t^map-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.
Form T1/T2 - 1, 2 ska-ÃdpIƒ°v (So-®¿ FPyp-t°-‰-dpsSD]-tbm-K-Øn-\v)
Form T3 - 3, 4 ska-ÃdpIƒ°v (sa‚dpsS D]-tbm-K-Øn-\v)
Form T4 - 3, 4 ska-ÃdpIƒ°v (So-®¿ FPyp-t°-‰-dpsS D]-tbm-K-Øn-\v)
Bkq-X-Ww, Sn.-F¬.Fw/ kma-Kn-Iƒ, ]In-b, hn\n-a-b-ti-jn, ]Xn- -e-\m-fl-I-°p-dn∏v F∂o 5 C\-߃°mbne`n® kvtImdns\ hnjb kvtImdmbn am‰-Ww. \n¿tZ-i-߃ T3, T4 t^map-I-fpsS Xmsg sImSp-Øn- p-≠v. sa‚¿\¬Inb kvtImdns‚ (Form T3) 25% BWv aqey-\n¿Wb-Øn-\mbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I.
So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿ \¬Inb kvtImdns‚ (Form T4) 75%
BWv aqey-\n¿W-b-Øn-\mbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I.
sa‚-dpw So®¿ FPypt°-‰dpw \¬Inb kvtImdns‚ tImUo-I-cWw
sa‚¿ \¬Inb kvtImdns‚ 25% Dw So®¿ FPypt°-‰¿\¬Inb kvtImdns‚ 75% hpw tN¿Øv hnj-b-Øns‚ kvtImdmbn]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-Ww. CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠ t^map-IƒForm-T5, Form-T6 F∂n-h-bm-Wv.
$ Form-T5 - sa‚¿ kvtIm¿/-So-®¿ FPyq-t°-‰¿ kvtIm¿I¨tkm-fn-tU-j≥ ˛ ska-ÿ- 3
$ Form-T6 - sa‚¿, So®¿ FPyp-t°-‰¿ kvtIm¿ I¨tkm-fn-tU-j≥ ˛ ska-ÿ- 4
5 4
ska-Ã-dp-I-fnse F√m hnj-b-Øn-s‚bpw kvtImdp-I-fpsStImUo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn Form-TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4 F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.
$ Form-TP1- Semester I (F√m hnj-b-ß-fp-sSbpw tImUo-I-c-Ww)
$ Form-TP2- Semester II (F√m hnj-b-ß-fp-sSbpw tImUo-I-c-Ww)
$ Form-TP3- Semester III (F√m hnj-b-ß-fp-sSbpw tImUo-I-c-
Ww)
$ Form-TP4- Semester IV (F√m hnj-b-ß-fp-sSbpw tImUo-I-c-
Ww)
\n¿ZnjvS t^map-Iƒ am\z-en¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn- p-≠v.
kaql kº¿° -Iym-ºns‚ kvtIm¿ tImUo-I-cWw
Iymºns‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-\mbn A©v C\-߃ A[ymbw 6 ¬\¬In-bn- p-≠v. BsI-bp≈ 40 kvtImdns\ A© v C\-߃°mbnhoXn-°-Ww. Hmtcm C\tØbpw hne-bn-cpØn BsI kvtIm¿\¬I-Ww.
C\-߃
1. Iymºv Ubdn2. Iymºv D¬∏-∂-߃3. hy‡n-Xz-hn-Im-khpw t\Xr-Kp-Whpw4. kmaqlnIss\]p-Wn-Iƒ5. \na-·X (Involvement of the Student)
Form-CLC BWv CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv.
$ ]T-\-bm-X-bpsS hne-bn-cp-ج
]T-\-bmX hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ am\-Z-fi-߃ A[ymbw 7 ¬hni-Zo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. 20 kvtImdmWv CXn-\p-≈-Xv. A©p taJ-e-I-
fmbn Xncn-®mWv kvtIm¿ \¬tI-≠-Xv. Hmtcm taJ-ebv°pw 4kvtIm¿ hoXw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
$ hne-bn-cp-ج C\-߃
1. Bkq-X-W-Øn-ep≈ ]¶pw t\Xr-Kp-W-hpw2. UnPn-‰¬ tUmIyp-sa-t‚-j≥3. hy‡n-K-X-U-bdn4. kµ¿in® ÿm]-\-Øns‚/ ÿe-Øns‚ hnZym- ymk
]k‡n5. dn vf-£≥ t\m v (Reflection note)
Form-ST bmWv CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv.
V. ]mtbmKnI ]co£mt_m¿Uv kwhn[m\w
V (i) Pn√m ]mtbm-KnI ]co£m t_m¿Uv
Pn√-bnse Ub-‰v, So®¿ FPp-t°j≥ ÿm]-\-߃ F∂nhkµ¿in®v ]T\ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm\pw \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-Ø-en-s‚bpw Ct‚¨jn-∏n-s‚bpw kvtImdp-Iƒ A¥n-a-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Npa-XeIƒ \n¿h-ln-°phm-\p-amWv Pn√m]mtbm-KnI ]co£m t_m¿Uv cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Pn√-bnse Ub‰v]≥kn-∏-emWv t_m¿Uv cq]o-I-cn-®v DØchp ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-t°-≠-Xv. CXn\v klm-b-I-amb \n¿tZ-i-߃ ]co-£m- -h≥ \evtI-≠-Xm-Wv.
t_m¿Uns‚ LS\
sNb¿am≥ : ]n≥kn-∏¬, Ub‰v
I¨ho-\¿ : ko\n-b¿ eIvN-d¿, ]ok¿ho-kv, Ub‰v
AwK-߃ : hnjb hnZ-Kv[¿ Hmtcm ska-Ã-dnepw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ hnj-b-߃ ]cn-K-Wn®v AwK-ß-fpsS
5 5
FÆw hnjbw F∂nh ]co-£m- -h≥ \n›-bn®p \evIp∂XmWv.
t_m¿Uns‚ Npa-X-e-Iƒ
$ 1, 3 ska-Ã-dp-I-fnse kvtImdp-Iƒ ]co-£m- -hs‚ sh_vssk-‰n-te°v A]vtemUp sNtø-≠ ]q¿Æ DØ-c-hm-ZnØwAXmXv ÿm]\-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ°m-bn-cn-°pw. Ip´n-Iƒ°v\¬Inb kvtImdn\v B[m-c-amb tcJIƒ ]cn-tim-[-\-°mbnÿm]-\-Øn¬ kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ c≠v, \mev ska-Ã-dp-I-fpsS HSp-hn¬ ap≥Iq´n Xbm-dm-°nbIe-≠¿ A\p-k-cn®v ÿm]-\-߃ kµ¿in-°-Ww.
$ c≠v, \mev ska-Ãdp-I-fn¬ ]mtbm-KnI ]co£m t_m¿UvkvIqƒ kµ¿in®p am\-Io-I-cWw \S-Ønb kvtImdp-I-fmWvA]vtemUp sNtø-≠-Xv.
$ ]kvXpX h¿jw c≠v ska-Ã-dp-I-fp-sSbpw mK-am-bn, \S∂A°m-Z-anI ]h¿Ø-\-߃ hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw ÿm]-\-Ønse A[ym-]-I¿ \¬Inb am¿°v ]cn-tim-[n®v am\-Io-I-cWw \S-ØpIbpw thWw.
$ t]m¿ v t^mfn-tbm, X¬k-ab ]I-S-\w, CXc tcJ-Iƒ F∂n-hsb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°nbmWv am\-Io-I-cWw \S-tØ-≠-Xv.
$ 3, 4 ska-Ã-dp-I-fn-emWv kvIqƒ A\p- h ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv. kaq--l-k-º¿° kl-hm-k-Iym-ºv, ]T-\-bmXF∂nh \memw ska-Ã-dn-emWv hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.
$ Hmtcm t_m¿Un\pw 4˛5 ÿm]-\-߃ F∂ tXmXn¬ Bh-iy-am-b-Xbpw t_m¿Up-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
V (ii) kwÿm-\-Xe aqey-\n¿Wb kanXn
Pn√m ]co£m t_m¿Uv \¬Ip∂ kvtImdp-Iƒ s]mXp-hn¬A¥n-a-am-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ ]co£m t_m¿Uv \¬Inb kvtImdp-Isf Ipdnt®m t_m¿Uns‚ ]h¿Ø-\sØ kw_-‘nt®m Kpcp-X-c-amb ]cmXn Ds≠-¶n¬ AXv AXXv Ub‰v ]n≥kn-∏-en\vka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A[ym-]I hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ, c£n-Xm-°ƒ,A[ym-]-I¿, ]≥kn-∏¬, ÿm]\ amt\-Pvsa‚ v F∂n-h¿°v]cmXn \¬Imw. Pn√m ]co£m t_m¿Uv sNb¿am≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Pn√-bn¬ e`n-°p∂ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ At\z-jn®v Xo¿∏p I¬∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ Npa-Xe Ub‰v ]≥kn-∏mƒ \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
Pn√-bn¬ ]cn-lmcw ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ kvIqƒX-e-Øn¬ \n∂pwhcp∂ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ Ub‰v ]≥kn-∏mƒ kwÿm-\-Xe aqey-\n¿Wb kan-Xn°v \¬I-Ww. Pn√m ]co£m t_m¿Uv sNb¿am≥F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ub‰v ]n≥kn-∏mƒ \n¿tZ-in® ]cn-lmcw ]cm-Xn-°m-c\v kzoIm-cy-a-s√-¶n¬, Ah¿°v t\cn´pw kwÿm-\-Xeaqey-\n¿Wb kan-Xn°v ]cmXn ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
At\z-jWw Bh-iy-sa∂v ]Y-am-ZrjvSym kan-Xn°v tXm∂p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AØcw ÿm]-\-߃ kµ¿in-®pw, _‘-s∏- p- hcp-ambn N¿® sNbvXpw tcJ-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®pw ]cm-Xn°v ]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m-°-Ww. ÿm]\w \¬Inb kvtImdpw, AhnsS \S∂A°m-Z-anI ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw XΩn¬ Imcy-amb s]mcp-Ø-t°Svi≤-bn¬ s]´m¬ Pn√m t_m¿Un\pw A°mcyw ]cm-Xn-bmbn
kwÿm\ kan-Xn°v ka¿∏n-°mw.
5 6
kan-Xn-bpsS LS\
sNb¿am≥ : Ub-d-Iv‰¿, Fkv.-kn.-C.B¿.Sn
sshkv sNb¿am≥am¿ : $ AUo-j-W¬ Ub-d-IvS¿, s]mXp-
hn-Zym- ymk hIp∏v
$ skI -dn, ]co-£m- -h≥
I¨ho-\¿ : slUv, So®¿ FPp-t°-j≥, Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.
AwK-߃ : 1. Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn ^m°¬´n AwKw
(A[ym-]I hnZym- ym-kw)
2. Ub‰v ]n≥kn-∏mƒ (]Xn-\n-[n)
Pn√m-Xe tamWn-‰-dnMv kanXn
Pn√-bnse A[ym-]I hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd∏phcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ cq]o-I-cn-°p∂ kanXnbmWvCXv. AXXv Pn√-I-fnse Ub-‰mWv kan-Xn°v cq]w \¬tI-≠Xpw]h¿Ø\w Bkq-XWw sNtø-≠-Xpw.
kan-Xn-bpsS LS\
sNb¿am¿ : ]≥kn-∏¬, Ub‰v
I¨ho-\¿ : ko\n-b¿ eIvN-d¿, ]ok¿ho-kv, Ub‰v
AwK-߃ : ko\n-b¿ Ub‰v ^m°¬´n AwK-߃ (2 t]¿)
Kh, Fbn-UUv sF.Sn.C A[ym-]-I¿ (2 t]¿)
anI® dn -b¿Uv A[ym-]-I¿ (sF.Sn.-C, Ub-‰v)
(3 t]¿)
kan-Xn-bpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ
$ Htcm h¿j-Øn-s‚bpw XpS-°-Øn¬ kanXn tN¿∂v s]mXp-[m-c-W-Iƒ D≠m-°p-I. XpS¿∂v F√m Ub‰v m°¬ n AwK-ßfpw sF.Sn.-C. A[ym-]-Icpw ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ ZznZn\ inev]-
ime kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I. A°m-Z-anI amÿ πm≥ \ho-I-cn-°p-I, hm¿jnI ]≤-Xn, Ie-≠¿ F∂nh cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.
$ 2,4 ska-Ã-dp-I-fpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ ap≥ ska-Ã-dnse ]h¿Ø-\-߃ hne-bn-cpØn 2,4 ska-ÿ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ sa®s∏Sp-Øm-\p≈ Xocp-am-\-߃ ssIs°m-≈p-I. CXn-\mbn F√mUb‰v ^m°¬´n AwK-ßfpw sF.Sn.C A[ym-]-Icpw ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ GI-Zn\ inev]-ime kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.
$ kan-Xn-bpsS 3 ]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ AS-ßnb Soap-Iƒ Hmtcm ska-Ã-dnepw Hcp ]mhiyw ÿm]\w kµ¿in®v ]h¿Ø-\-߃hne-bn-cp-Øp-I, sa®-s∏-Sm-\p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-߃ \¬IpI.
$ sF.Sn.C A[ym-]-I-cpsS ]cnio-e\ Bh-iy-߃ \n¿Wn-bn®v Ub-‰ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ C≥k¿hokv ]cn-io-e\wkwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv kw_-‘n® \n¿tZiw \evIp-I.
$ XpS¿ kµ¿i-\-ß-fn¬ ap≥ ska-Ã-dn¬ \evInb \n¿tZ-i-߃ FX-amXw ]men-®n- p≠v F∂v hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.
$ Pn√m-Xe tamWn-‰-dnwKv kan-Xn-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.-‰n. A[ym-]I hnZym- ymk hn`mKw Hmtcm ska-Ã-dnepw \nco-£W hnt[-b-am-°-Ww. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kwÿm-\-Xe dnt∏m¿Sv Xbm-dm°n ]kn-≤o-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ Hmtcm ÿm]-\-Øn\pw AhnsS \S-°p∂ amXrIm ]h¿Ø-\-߃, A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS ]T\ anI-hp-IƒF∂nh Pn√m-Xe tamWn-‰-dnwKv kan-Xn°v Hm¨sse-\m-tbm,t\cnt´m ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ Hmtcm ÿm]-\-Øn\pw anI® ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.‰n A[ym-]I hnZym- ymk hn`m-K-hp-ambn ]¶p-sh-°p-hm≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
