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FUTURE TECHDoD scientists,

engineers predict

tech evolution. 26

OPEN MARKETSEU underscores

defense procurement

policy to members. 17

ACQUISITION HALTEDHoneywell drops effort

to purchase UTC. 18

LAST WORD

INDUSTRY

WASHINGTON — The US Army’sElectronic Warfare Division chief for op-

erations likes to say his favorite person isVladimir Putin.

The reason?

“Vladimir Putin and the things that hehas done in Georgia, Crimea, Ukraine

and starting to do in Syria is getting a lot

of attention on what it means to have amodern, ready, [electronic warfare]-ca-pable force,” Col. Jeffrey Church said in a

recent interview. “Those actions havegotten more traction for Army ElectronicWarfare and the need to do that than any-

thing previous.”The Army relies on the electromagnet-

ic spectrum for everything from the indi-

vidual soldier’s communications toprecise weapons targeting and situation-al awareness, but even with this major

dependence, the service is slow to devel-op its electronic warfare capability,Church said.

Staff Sgt. Aaron Knowles, 3rd ABCT, 3rd ID, PAO/US Army

Sgt. 1st Class Willie Carter (left), Phillip Crandell, an electronic warfare trainer for the3rd Infantry Division (center), and Sgt. Jacob Stauber prepare to jam communications totest units’ reaction times during the Marne Focus exercise at Fort Stewart, Georgia.

Georgia, Syria,Ukraine MadeVivid ImpressionBY JEN [email protected]

See EW, Page 21

Will Russian AggressionEnergize US Army EW Focus?

ELECTRONIC WARFARE

WASHINGTON and JOINT BASELEWIS-McCHORD — As the chair-men of the US House and SenateArmed Services committees plan to

legislate potentially sweeping reformsat the Pentagon, Defense SecretaryAsh Carter is leaning in with proposals

due in “just a few weeks’ time,” he saidlast week.

Carter’s announcement came as

Congress begins to draft its own vehi-cle for reforms, the 2017 defense pol-icy bill. At least some of the

Pentagon’s proposals, expected to ap-pear piecemeal over the comingweeks, are aimed at improving its use

of cyber capabilities and a giving theservices more say in the acquisitionsystem — an area in common with

lawmakers. “We’ll propose things as we con-

clude our studies of them,” Carter

said. “Some of these things will re-quire legislation and therefore we willbe asking the Congress to consider

them. I hope they will be persuasive,and therefore accepted by the Con-gress. In other cases they will be

things that don’t require legislation at

all.”Thirty years after Congress passed

See REFORMS, Page 20

DOD REFORM

DoD, LawmakersCraft DefenseDepartmentReformsBY JOE GOULD AND AARON [email protected]

ARMY NEEDSUS Army prepares for an

increasingly volatile world.2

SPECIAL REPORT

March 7, 2016/March 14, 2016

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March 7 - 14, 2016 defensenews.com | 3Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence

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NEWS 4INNOVATION 6NAVAL 8AIR 10

INDUSTRY 17INTERVIEW 22COMMENTARY 24LAST WORD 26

DEPARTMENTS

10

TECH FOCUSASH CARTER MAKES CONNECTIONS

WITH SILICON VALLEY 6LCS REVIEWCNO ORDERS 60-DAY REVIEW OF

LITTORAL COMBAT SHIP 8

CANADIAN F-35OFFICIALS SEND MIXED SIGNALS

ON JSF PARTICIPATION 10

PIVOT TO EUROPECOMMANDER US ARMY EUROPE

DISCUSSES RUSSIAN THREAT 13

WHAT’S INSIDE

8

French Air Force Gen. Denis Mercier,NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Trans-formation headquartered in Norfolk, Vir-ginia, speaks with Vago, above, about histop priorities, the combat cloud, cyberthreats, third offset strategy and more.

NATO SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDERTRANSFORMATION

WATCH DEFENSE NEWS WITH VAGO MURADIAN

Watch Sundays at 11 a.m. ET on WJLA-TV inWashington, on American Forces Networkworldwide or at defensenews.com.

Morocco Joins NATO Interoperability

Platform

NATO has incorporated Morocco’s Armed Forces

into its Interoperability Platform and increased

cooperation with Egypt, Tunisia and Mauritania.

defensenews.com/regions

Procurement Debate Delays Turkey's

Indigenous Fighter Jet Program

The TF-X program aims to fly the Turkish fighter

jet by 2023, but some analysts are skeptical

about that goal.

defensenews.com/air-space

Repairs Made to New Destroyer Zumwalt

The technologically advanced destroyer under-

went repair work on one of 12 propulsion motor

drives in mid-January, the US Navy has con-

firmed.

defensenews.com/naval

WHAT’S ONLINE

4 | defensenews.com March 7 - 14, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence

PARIS — UK Prime Minister DavidCameron last week announced a planwith France to invest more than £1.5 bil-

lion (US $2.1 billion) to build a proto-type combat drone, signaling a furtherstep by the two European partners to

stay in the military top tier on a bilateralbasis.

“Today we have agreed to jointly in-

vest £1.5 billion to develop the next gen-eration of a combat air system,”Cameron said at a March 3 joint press

conference with French PresidentFrançois Hollande, at Amiens, northernFrance. The project would support jobs

and expertise.Hollande said, “There has been much

progress, much common willingness,

which has also been translated into pro-

grams” since the 2010 Lancaster Housedefense treaties.

The agreement was for a £1.54 billion

project “to build a prototype of the nextgeneration of unmanned aircraft,” the

British Ministry of Defence said.France also agreed to consider an or-

der for the MBDA Brimstone 2 guided

missile to arm the Tiger attack helicop-

ter, while Britain will weigh whether tofit the Aster Block 1 New Technologymissile on its Type 45 destroyer, a joint

statement said. That marked a “portfo-lio approach” of strengthening industri-al links and operational requirements.

Britain will also provide a monthlystrategic airlift to support Frenchtroops deployed in Africa, the British

ministry said.Work will start next year on full-scale

development of an unmanned combat

aerial system (UCAS), with operationalprototypes by 2025, the joint statement

said. A technical review is due in 2020

and a versatile UCAS could be flying asthe basis for full operational capability

beyond 2030. The two countries will

study future combat conditions, includ-ing how manned and unmanned air-craft might fly together.

“It’s moving ahead,” said Jean-PierreMaulny, deputy director of the thinktank Institut des Relations Interna-

tionales et Stratégiques. There is con-tinued support for an Anglo-Frenchdemonstrator, which is a project rather

than a program. “It is important to prepare for the fu-

ture in the strategic domain of combat

drones,” said Eric Trappier, chairman of

Dassault Aviation.The future combat air system project

is based on a £120 million feasibility

study conducted by BAE Systems, Fin-meccanica Airborne and Space Sys-tems Division, and Rolls-Royce on the

British side, with Dassault, Safran’sSnecma and Thales on the French side.

Defense Ministers Jean-Yves Le Drian

and Michael Fallon agreed to the coop-erative projects at the Amiens meeting.

“Brimstone missile would be a signifi-

cant option for the upgrade of their Ti-ger attack helicopters,” Fallon said in astatement.

MBDA has studied fitting the Brim-stone 2, a dual-mode laser and radar-

guided weapon, on British Army

Apache helicopters, in addition to arm-ing strike fighters.

Britain and France also signed a state-

ment of intent for a concept phase for afuture cruise/anti-ship weapon to re-place the French Scalp, Exocet and na-

val cruise missile, and the British StormShadow, Harpoon and Tomahawkweapons.

The two governments agreed to com-mit in 2016 to a plan worth some €150million (US $163.4) to develop and build

unmanned underwater vehicles formaritime mine countermeasures. DN

Andrew Chuter contributed from Lon-don.

STEPHANE DE SAKUTIN/AFP/Getty Images

British Prime Minister David Cameron, left, and French President Francois Hollande hold a press conference at the Musee dePicardie in Amiens, northern France, during the 34th Franco-British summit on March 3.

France, UK To Invest in £1.5B Combat UAVContinues Bilateral Defense MovesBY PIERRE [email protected]

The B-52 Rises Again, This Time ToFight Islamic State

The B-52 Stratofortress will begin

dropping bombs on the Islamic Stategroup come April.

The bombers are headed to the

Central Command area of operationsto replace the B-1 Lancers, the last ofthem returning in January, Gen. Her-

bert “Hawk” Carlisle, commander ofAir Combat Command, said at an AirForce Association Conference. The

B-1s should return this summer afterthey receive additional upgrades.

The aircraft, which have dropped

unguided bombs in previous wars,including Afghanistan, can now pro-vide backup with the accuracy of

precision-guided munitions. It will bethe first deployment for the bombersto fight Islamic State targets.

Finland, Sweden ConsiderTreaty-based Defense Union

Bilateral military collaborationbetween Finland and Sweden couldpotentially lead to the establishment

of a treaty-based defense union. Elevated security tensions and un-

predictable Russian aggression in the

region are the driving factors.The present talks restrict a future

defense partnership, which would

include joint units, combined forceoperations and the sharing of military

infrastructure, to “peacetime.”

Political leaders in both countriesbelieve the association could bebroadened to deliver a more struc-

tured defense union that would in-clude a formalized commitment tocome to each other’s aid in the event

of attack.

UK Raises Investment in NuclearMissile Sub Program

The British government has firmedup promises it made in the 2015 strate-

gic defense and security review andconfirmed it is investing £642 million(US $908 million) to prepare for pro-

duction of a new fleet of Trident mis-sile-armed nuclear submarines.

The cash will be mainly spent on

production facilities at BAE Systems’Barrow-in-Furness, England, nuclear

submarine yard; essential long lead

items for the submarines; and thenuclear propulsion program being ledby Rolls-Royce.

The Conservative government hascommitted to building four nuclearmissile subs with the first boat enter-

ing service in the early 2030s.

IN BRIEF

ATEC HPW3000 SUPERIORITY THROUGH PERFORMANCE


SAN FRANCISCO — On stage at the

RSA security conference here March 2,Defense Secretary Ash Carter waspraised by the moderator for his “cool”

ideas and his efforts to reach out to Sil-icon Valley.

Carter was applauded when he said

he supported strong encryption of data,and overall, the room reacted positivelyto his message. One DoD official on the

trip received a handful of businesscards from people hoping to work withthe department.

But the scene at the conference alsounderscored the cultural divide Carterfaces as he attempts to bring the Valley

and DC closer together. Carter’s ad-dress was not featured as a major eventon RSA’s website, and where lines were

out the door for small workshops, theroom where Carter spoke was only halffull, with the audience ducking in and

out.Capturing Silicon Valley’s attention, it

seems, is still up in the air. The good

news for Carter, however, is the Penta-gon grabbed some attention with twoinitiatives announced during his trip to

San Francisco.The first was that Eric Schmidt, exec-

utive chairman of Google parent com-

pany Alphabet, will head up a newPentagon advisory board focused on in-novation. Schmidt is the quintessential

Valley figure, and his presence gives

Carter’s outreach greater heft.Schmidt told reporters March 2 that

he has a number of names in mind to

round out the 10-to-12 person board, buthas yet to contact those candidates. Hedid say he is looking at “people who are

highly technical and who can anticipatethe changes in technology that will af-fect the mission of security.”

Ben FitzGerald, with the Center for aNew American Security, said the boardis a good idea and that Schmidt gives it

needed credibility.“The question will be the particular

role of the board, where it will sit insti-

tutionally and how its recommenda-tions might be acted on,” FitzGerald

said.

The second, and perhaps most excit-ing initiative for the broader tech com-munity, was the announcement of a

“bug bounty” program. The Pentagonplans to give selected hackers targets inthe department and ask them to do as

much damage as possible. Hackers willthen report what they discovered tohelp the DoD patch those holes and

then receive some kind of reward.Participants must be registered, vet-

ted and a US citizen.

That type of program has become a

best practice in the tech world, with thewebsite BugCrowd.com maintaining alist of more than 470 companies that have

such programs, including giants likeGoogle, Microsoft, PayPal and Yahoo.

Jonathan Cran, vice president of opera-

tions at Bugcrowd, wrote in an email thatthe Pentagon announcement is a “greatstep in the right direction to addressing

the critical need for cybersecurity skillsin the US,” but raised concerns about thecitizenship requirement to participate.

“In general, researcher talent is more

expensive in the US, so limiting the pro-gram to US-based, background-checked

researchers may present challenges orsimply require more incentives to partici-pate,” Cran wrote.

Mark Ryland, chief solutions architectwith Amazon Web Services in Seattle,

said Carter’s outreach to the tech com-

munity has not gone unnoticed.“Just this week seems like a real breath

of fresh air,” Ryland said.

DJ Patil, US chief data scientist and aformer top executive at Silicon Valleyheavyweights like eBay and LinkedIn,

said Silicon Valley will “100 percent” re-spond to Carter’s overtures, particularlythe bug bounty program.

“The number one thing I found as a Sil-

icon Valley person is, everybody wants tofigure out how to help. They struggle tofigure out how you actually do that,” Patil

said. “What they’re realizing now is, ‘Oh,through [the Defense Innovation Unit-Experimental program], through all

these other mechanisms, this is no longertalk – this is real.’”

He also notes that hackers may take

part in the bounty program even if the fi-nancial reward is limited, whether out ofa sense of duty or a sense of pride at being

able to discover flaws. Adds Peter Singer of the New America

Foundation, “It is a great example of Pen-

tagon following the practices of the bestfirms, building incentives to make thehacker market work for you. [It’s a] great

illustration of how the payoff of the out-reach to Silicon Valley is not to be mea-sured in new widgets but new ideas.”

The point about ideas versus physicaltechnology is a key one, especially whendiscussing the core of Carter’s Silicon

Valley outreach program, the Defense In-novation Unit-Experimental (DIUX).

An outpost of the Pentagon located in

the heart of the Valley, DIUX has beencriticized for not having produced anytangible results since standing up in Au-

gust. But there is a sense, both with Car-ter’s staff and with the companies thatare dealing with the unit, that it is making

inroads with the community.

That was on display during Carter’s vis-it, when he held a “Shark Tank”-style

event where five small companiespitched him directly on their products forthe Pentagon.

Sherban Naum, regional vice presidentfor Bromium Federal, a firm that pro-vides “end-point protection through mi-

cro-virtualization,” spent about 10minutes explaining his product to Penta-gon officials. Afterward, he praised DIUX

for helping him get an audience with Car-ter.

Asked if he felt DIUX was working well,

he responded effusively. “Oh my good-ness, yes. Yes. Yes, absolutely,” notingthat officials from the group meet with

his company on a weekly basis.

“It’s very cool. It’s very un-governmen-tal,” Naum said. “You expect it to be big

bureaucracy. This is nimble, it’s agile, and

they actually do care.”The challenge now facing Carter is

making sure that new ideas do not getbogged down by internal Pentagon bu-reaucracy, and that the effort outlasts his

tenure. DN

Tim D. Godbee/Department of Defense

Secretary of Defense Ash Carter’s latest overtures to the tech industry included anappearance at the RSA security conference in San Francisco.

PENTAGON TECH

Carter Gets Strong Marks for Innovation Push

BY AARON [email protected]

Hacker ‘Bounty’Challenge,Board Launched

The Defense Innovation Unit-Experimental was estalished inAugust. According to a mem-orandum from the deputy secre-tary of defense, it was intended toserve as “the hub for the depart-ment’s core initiative to increaseDoD’s communications with,knowledge of, and access toinnovating, leading edge technol-ogies from high-tech, start-upcompanies and entrepreneurs.”

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“We’re working hard to get the rest ofthe surface force on this OFRP, and yetLCS is on its own,” said the Navy offi-

cial. “The rest of the fleet is on a com-pletely different training anddeployment cycle.”

The LCS maintenance strategy willalso be reviewed, including the currentscheme of regular maintenance periods

for forward-deployed ships to a “peri-odic, preventive maintenance ap-

proach.”

With their small crews, LCS sailorsare not expected to handle heavy main-tenance duties while in port. Rather, a

mix of Navy and contractor supportteams is to come aboard for piersidemaintenance. But in Singapore, where

the US is sensitive to stationing too

many people to support the ships,crews have routinely been brought outfrom the US mainland when needed to

handle specific tasks.“We want to know whether it makes

more sense to station support teams

closer to the operational area,” said theNavy official. “So, if not in Singapore,for example, perhaps in Guam or Ha-

waii.”The review will also look at the mis-

sion module scheme, where separate

modules optimized for anti-submarine,surface warfare, and counter-mine war-fare can be loaded on and off each LCS.

The team, Richardson wrote, is to as-sess “a revised approach where missionmodules remain with a specific LCS

hull.” DN

proach would work. With six ships nowin service – three each of the Freedom

(LCS 1) and Independence (LCS 2) class– the rotation of three crews among twoships has only recently been put into

practice. For example, aboard the Fort Worth

(LCS 3), on deployment in the Western

Pacific for over a year, crews have gen-erally rotated every four months, mov-ing between four months ashore for

rest and training four months aboardthe Freedom, and four aboard the FortWorth.

But other forward-deployed ships, in-cluding those operating out of Japan,Spain and Bahrain, usually have tradi-

tional, non-rotating, permanent crews. The use of and size of the mission de-

tachments assigned to mission mod-

ules is also to be studied.Richardson also wants to review the

use of ashore training and simulation

methods compared with shipboard ex-perience, and he wants the team to lookat whether training-maintenance-de-

ployment schedules developed for thesurface fleet under the Optimized FleetResponse Plan (OFRP) could be ap-

plied to LCS.

WASHINGTON — With the size ofthe small combatant force rapidly ex-

panding, US Navy Chief of Naval Opera-tions Adm. John Richardson is orderinga major 60-day review of the Littoral

Combat Ship (LCS) program.“The idea,” said a Navy official, “is

that with two deployments complete or

nearly complete, and with new shipscoming almost every six months, it’stime to see where things stand and get a

feel for what’s been working, what’s notbeen working.”

In a memorandum signed out on Feb.

29, Richardson directs the acting headof the Warfare Systems N9 directorate,the commander of naval surface forces,

and the principal military adviser to theacquisition directorate to “lead a re-view of the LCS program to include

crewing, operations, training and main-tenance of the ship class.”

Regarding manning, Richardson

wants the review team to look at howthe 3-2-1 LCS crewing construct isworking, and compare it with how a tra-

ditional, single crew for each ship ap-

LITTORAL COMBAT SHIP

CNO Orders Reviewof LCS ProgramOperations, Crewing, Training Probed

Christopher P. Cavas/Staff

In Singapore, LCS Fort Worth remains sidelined awaiting the results of a mishapinvestigation into how major portions of the ship's propulsion gear were damaged.

BY CHRISTOPHER P. [email protected]

WASHINGTON — Fourteen new

F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet strike fighterstop the 31 items on the US Navy’s fiscal2017 unfunded requirements list

(URL), along with final funding for analready-approved destroyer and twoadditional carrier-based F-35 joint

strike fighters.The list, requested by Congress, com-

prises items that were left out of the

Pentagon’s proposed budget submitted

to lawmakers last month. Congress

may choose to add money to buy theitems, move money around within thebudget, or simply ignore the requests.

In trying to meet a strike fightershortage brought on by recent high op-

erations tempos, the Navy is asking for

$1.54 billion to buy the Super Hornets.The move would also boost Boeing’s

St. Louis production line that, if a Ku-

waiti deal can’t be freed from a politi-

cal roadblock, faces a shortage ofaircraft orders in the near future. The

Navy already has two F/A-18s in the

2017 budget and another 14 are planned

for 2018. Approval of the 14 URL air-

craft would provide a total of 30 newSuper Hornets, which form the core of

the Navy’s carrier-based air groups.

Other items in the URL include $81million to buy at least 99 radio frequen-

cy kill chain enhancements to defeatenemy jamming systems; $23 million tobuy another Surface Electronic War-

fare Improvement Program (SEWIP)Block 3 electronic warfare system;more Mark 54 torpedoes, more AIM-9X

air-to-air missiles; and more Joint Di-

rect Attack Munitions (JDAM) parts.

Further down the list are underwatertowed arrays; mis-sile kits for LCS

ships; restorationof funds used to re-pair the cruiser

Chancellorsville after a 2013 accident;

three new air-cushioned landing craft;a new utility landing craft; aerial and

surface targets; and two C-40A person-

nel and cargo aircraft. The service could also use $156 mil-

lion to restore 15,000 permanent-change-of-station moves for sailorsand their families, cut due to sequestra-

tion limits. DN

NAVY BUDGET

F/A-18 Super Hornets Top US Navy’s Unfunded ListBY CHRISTOPHER P. [email protected]

See the full list atdefensenews.com

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Saab’s Gripen.

Lockheed Martin Canada spokes-woman Cindy Tessier said the firm con-tinues to work with Canada on the F-35

program. Asked what aircraft Lockheed Martin

would bid in the upcoming Canadian

fighter jet competition, Tessier stated,“Until such time as the requirements ina procurement process to replace the

current fighter fleet are set and known,it would be inappropriate to speculateon government actions and how Lock-

heed Martin might react to them.”Some Canadian industry sources

hope the new government will reverse

its election promise and select the F-35.Lemire said Canadian firms have se-

cured $743 million in contracts so far on

the F-35 program. Lockheed officialshave said previously that if the Canadi-

an government decides not to buy the

F-35, the company would honor exist-ing contracts with Canadian industry,but would focus on industries in coun-

tries that are acquiring the aircraft forfuture work.

If Canada pulls out of the F-35 pro-

gram it would be the first of the nationpartners to do so.

The previous Conservative Party gov-

ernment had committed to purchasing65 F-35s but put that temporarily onhold amid accusations it and the Cana-

dian military had tried to hide the fullcost of the procurement.

Alan Williams, who signed the mem-

orandum that brought Canada into theF-35 program in 1997, said the decisionto pay the next installment shouldn’t be

taken as a signal Canada is reversing itsdecision. DN

spokeswoman Ashley Lemire said Can-

ada’s payment for continued participa-tion in the F-35 program covers theperiod from Oct. 1, 2015 to Sept. 30,

2016.“At this time, Canada remains in the

Joint Strike Fighter program, which en-

sures Canada can continue to benefitfrom economic opportunities resultingfrom the partnership while we work to

determine the way forward,” Lemiresaid. “Our long-term participation in theJSF is to be determined.”

The Liberal Party government has notyet set a timeline to hold the fighter jetcompetition. The government hopes to

have a review of defense capabilitiesand future needs finished by the end ofthis year. Potential contenders include

the Eurofighter Typhoon, the DassaultRafale, Boeing’s Super Hornet and

VICTORIA, British Columbia —The Canadian government will pay thenext financial installment to continue

its participation as a partner in the F-35program, prompting more confusionover whether it intends to proceed with

its previously stated plan to abandonthe Joint Strike Fighter and buy acheaper alternative.

Canada will pay US $32.9 million byMay 1 to allow its continued involve-ment in the program, according to Ca-

nadian Department of NationalDefence officials.

Canadian Defence Minister Harjit Saj-

jan has further added to the confusionby stating the government would notrule out purchasing the aircraft in a

competition expected to be held to re-place the country’s CF-18 fighter jets.

That runs directly counter to what

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said dur-ing the run-up to the federal election inOctober. Trudeau said if his Liberal Par-

ty was elected, which it was on Oct. 4,his government would not buy the F-35since it was not needed for Canadian

defense and was too expensive.Department of National Defence

JOINT STRIKE FIGHTER

Canadian Role in F-35 Program MurkyWill ProvidePayment ToRemain for Now

Lockheed Martin

Canadian leadershave sent mixedsignals aboutwhether the countrywill consideracquisition of theF-35.

BY DAVID [email protected]

ANKARA — Administrative snags

and differences of opinion betweenprocurement and military officials aredelaying Turkey’s most ambitious indig-

enous program for the design, develop-ment and production of a fighter jet.

The program, dubbed TF-X, aims to

fly the Turkish fighter jet by 2023, thecentenary of the country’s foundation.But some analysts are skeptical.

“In all likelihood, the Turkish fighter

jet program will face major delays. Inthe worst case scenario it will fail andmetamorphose into something else,” an

aerospace industry specialist said. “If

things go better there should be a Turk-ish jet in the skies long after 2023.”

Last year Turkey opened “pre-con-

tract negotiations” with BAE Systems,which it ranked first in a three-way

competition to select a foreign partnerin the TF-X program. BAE defeated Air-bus and Saab.

“The fact that we are talking to BAE

does not mean that this is a done deal[with that company],” a senior procure-ment official familiar with the program

said. “All options are open, includingoutside of the three contenders.”

The official admitted that talks with

BAE are in progress without authoriza-tion from the Defense Industry Execu-tive Committee, the ultimate panel that

oversees procurement decisions. The procurement official also said

there is a difference of opinion between

military and procurement officials

about which foreign partner would best

fulfill criteria over technology transfer,

export licenses and price.“An understanding over the best op-

tion has not yet emerged between the

civilian management of the programand the end user,” he said.

The Ankara government plans for Tu-sas Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI),maker of what will become Turkey’s

first indigenous fighter jet, to pen a de-sign contract in the first half of 2016. TAIhas narrowed design options to three

models, which feature both single-engine and twin-engine models, ac-cording to Muharrem Dortkasli, TAI’s

general manager. DN

TURKISH FIGHTER

Procurement Debate Snarls Turk Indigenous Jet ProgramBY BURAK EGE [email protected]

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performance is more than just guns andmissiles on individual platforms, andwhile those things” — the cannon and

Javelin — “are certainly major contrib-utors to lethality of the formation, theymay not be the only thing,” Dean said.

The market survey is really intended

to look at mission equipment packageson each of the individual platforms, but

will not go beyond the set Stryker re-quirements, he added.

The Stryker has a range of perfor-

mance parameters. It has to carry anine-man squad, Dean said. But there

are still requirements in the books that

have yet to be met such as the range ofthe remote weapons station to detect

and identify targets. “We haven’t met

that requirement today, so that leavesus room for incremental improve-ment,” he said.

In the near-term, the Army approvedthe upgrade for 81 vehicles in July 2015in response to urgent requests from the

Germany-based 2nd Cavalry Regiment

to replace its .50-caliber machine gunswith a 30mm gun and turret amid fearsthe eight-wheel vehicles were being

outgunned by their Russian counter-parts. The plan is to start fielding thenew vehicles in fiscal 2018.

The initial tranche of funding fromCongress — $9.8 million — arrived inSeptember, allowing the Army to start

early design work and pay for a compe-tition, led by Stryker’s prime contractorGeneral Dynamics Land Systems, to se-

lect a gun and turret. GDLS received $8million of that to conduct the competi-tion.

GDLS selected Kongsberg DefenseSystems as the turret provider andATK’s XM813 30mm cannon for the gun

in December, Dean said.More funding — $75 million — which

arrived in January, will take the pro-

gram through designing and building aprototype, according to Dean.

A little more than $300 million is allo-

cated for the eight prototypes and up-grades to 83 production vehicles, plusspares, Dean said.

“We are actively looking for efficien-cies in how we do business in order toreduce cost,” he noted, adding the

Army has already reduced the initialcost of the gun and turret system overwhat was initially estimated.

“It remains to be seen as we getthrough the design if estimates will

hold, but we think we reduced the cost

of some of those components by abouta third in the developmental phase,”

Dean said. “Some of that savings should

carry over into production.”In April, the service will begin buying

components that take longer to pro-

duce for production vehicles. By De-cember, the Army expects to takedelivery of its first prototype, which

will then go through an abbreviated testperiod next spring before giving the fi-nal green light on the production phase

of the program, Dean said. And by the end of next year, the ser-

vice will take delivery of the first pro-

duction vehicle. DN

WASHINGTON — The Army is look-ing beyond carrying out an urgent re-quest to equip Stryker units in Europe

with a medium-caliber cannon byscouring industry for capability up-grades, the Stryker Brigade Combat

Team program manager said.The service released a market survey

last week “intended to reach out to in-

dustry and involve them in the dia-logue,” Col. Glenn Dean said. “Whatcapabilities should we be considering

beyond the things that were alreadysort of on our menu.”

The deadline to respond to the solici-

tation is April 1.The Army will look at different sen-

sors, better ways to integrate capabili-

ties and ways to make vehicles moresurvivable beyond its efforts to upgrade

flat-bottom Strykers with a double-V

hull (DVH) and adding a 30mm cannonto flat-bottom vehicles in Europe.

Adding the 30mm cannon to some

Strykers and the Javelin anti-tank mis-sile to others is “at the top of the list,”Dean said. “I am pretty confident in say-

ing that no matter what plan we comeup with those are going to be part of it.”

But future plans sought through the

market survey are intended to go muchfurther and align with the Army’s com-bat vehicle modernization plan re-

leased last year. “The formation level of

More Than a Bigger Gun US Army Seeks Additional Upgrades for Strykers in Europe BY JEN [email protected]

Pfc. Deion McBride/US Army

A Stryker armored vehicle from the 3rdCavalry Regiment on maneuvers at FortIrwin, California, in January. Strykerswith 2nd Cav in Germany are beingupgraded with 30mm guns and turretsin place of their .50-caliber machineguns.

Many challenges await the upgradeplan. The gun, ammunition andturret all have to be qualified. Inaddition, the Army must examinewhat tradeoffs will be required forintegration of the turret. It wants tomaintain the vehicle’s ability tocarry a nine-man squad with all ofits gear, but might remove somesecondary equipment.

BACKGROUND

March 7 - 14, 2016 R1 defensenews.com | 13Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence

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Find the latest coverage of land forceissues atwww.defensenews.com/land

WASHINGTON — Lt. Gen. BenHodges, the US Army Europe com-mander, is at the helm of the Army’s ac-

celerating pivot to Europe.Things are looking brighter for the

leader when it comes to getting funding

and manpower he needs to deter Rus-sia’s military aggression in EasternEurope and to bolster allies’ defense ca-

pabilities.Less than six months ago, Hodges

was talking about how he was stretch-

ing the Army “paper thin,” having tomake 30,000 troops feel more like300,000, which meant getting “cre-

ative.”President Obama’s budget request

more than quadrupled the amount of

overseas contingency operations(OCO) money funneled into what is be-ing called the European Reassurance

Initiative (ERI). About $2.8 billion ofthe $3.4 billion in fiscal 2017 ERI fund-ing will be allocated to the Army.

With that money the Army plans tokeep a rotational armored brigade com-bat team in Europe and bolster its force

with more prepositioned stocks. Theservice also plans to ramp up exerciseswith allies and partners.

Defense News spoke with Hodges onthe phone while he was traveling via theGerman Autobahn, fresh from a week-

end at the Munich Security Conference

in February about the significance ofthe new ERI funding.

Walk me through what the new ERI fund-

ing in ‘17 means to your command.

I think that the announcement by thepresident of this ERI request is a greatsignal of a United States commitment to

Europe. ... It is a demonstration of theimportance of land power ... as a part ofhow the US contributes to assurance

and deterrence.The specifics that I would anticipate

are an increase in rotational presence.

What we have on the ground are two US

Army brigades. That is the Stryker re-giment ... then we have the airborne bri-

gade. ... So, those are our two what youwould call maneuver brigades. Then wehave signals intelligence, logistics

units, and those kinds of things. Wehave, I would call it, the remnants of acombat aviation brigade. As part of the

Aviation Restructure Initiative, wherethe Army took down three brigades,one of the three ... was the brigade in

Europe. So, what I have left is just aheadquarters and two of the battalionsin it.

Now, in the past year, the Army start-

ed rotating back over to Europe a heavybrigade. All of the equipment came

back. … So, we have got all of the equip-

ment for a heavy brigade or an armoredbrigade.

The troops for that brigade are com-ing right now from Fort Stewart, Geor-gia, 1st Brigade, 3rd Division. … They

will come back again in April for sixmonths.

We also are using ERI money to do a

lot of stuff with the National Guard andthe Army Reserve. … I mean the re-serve component is like oxygen for

what we are trying to do.

How long are the new ABCT rotations go-

ing to be?

The requirement this year was just forthe six months. ... Then we were antici-pating a similar kind of rotation begin-

ning in ’17, until this announcement wasmade, which now means that we are go-ing to have full-time rotational pres-

ence. So, this is where the heel-to-toepart starts in January ’17. The first unitto come will be 3rd Brigade, 4th Divi-

sion. ... They will arrive in January. Theywill stay for nine months. Then they willbe replaced in September, October ’17

by another brigade.

Why are you doing a rotational presence

instead of a forward-stationed BCT like the

National Commission on the Future of the

Army recommends?

We would all rather have the brigadesliving over here … but I believe that therealities of it are that the Army’s top line

is coming down, which means that thesize of the Army is coming down. In or-der to put a brigade, say 5,000 soldiers

back over in [Europe] or all of theplaces we used to have them, thatmeans they would have to come out of

Fort Hood, or Fort Carson, or Fort

somewhere in the US. We do not believe

there is congressional support to taketroops out of a US state and a US con-gressional district and put them back in

Europe.At least what the [defense] secretary

has done is figured out all right, well,

you still need capability. So, rotationalpresence gives us the tactical capabil-ities and the strategic effect.

Any plans for new training exercises?

Part of the readiness action plan that

was announced at the NATO Summit inWales on September 14 … specificallyincluded increasing [training exer-

cises], the sophistication, and the qual-ity of exercises.

You will see that throughout 2016 and

on into 2017, but there are some greatones coming up in May and June. InMay, we are going to participate in a

Turkish exercise that will have US andBritish troops in Turkey. ... Turkey doesthis exercise every other year. I saw it

myself two years ago. I thought, ‘Man, I

wish we could be a part of it.’ They in-vited us this year.

Also in May we will do an exercise inGeorgia called Noble Partner which weparticipated in last year. It is Georgia’s

national defense exercise. We will havea tank company move across the BlackSea on a ferry, and an airborne compa-

ny will jump in there. These guys will allbe under command of the Georgia bat-

talion commander.

June, you have got ... signature exer-cises happening. [They] are Swift Re-sponse, which is an exercise we did last

year in Germany. This year it will be inPoland and Germany. Then probablythe centerpiece exercise in June is

called Anakonda, which is Poland’s na-tional exercise. It has a lot of opportuni-ties to train with allies in 22 different

countries on the full range of activities.

US BoostsPresence ToDeter RussiaBY JEN [email protected]

Hodges on US Army’s Pivot to Europe

Alex Wong/Getty Images

Lt. Gen. BenHodges speaksduring a briefingDec. 9, 2015, at thePentagon.

US ARMY

HODGES PAGE 16

About 60,000 soldiers, US andallied, train at the Joint Multina-tional Readiness Center at Hohen-fels, Germany, annually. About30,000 soldiers in USAREUR by2017 will be concentrated in sevencommunities after scheduledtransformation efforts are com-plete.Twenty-one European na-tions have a state partner in theUS National Guard and seven UScombatant commanders are sup-ported by the US Army in Europe.

FAST FACTS

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There are exercises in Romania, Bul-garia, out into the fall. I am planning to

increase the capability of a logistics site

[in Romania]. I think we are going to im-prove the quality of that place to give usa better logistical hub to the Black Sea

region.

I think that we will look to increaseour contacts and exercises in Italy, andAlbania, Montenegro. I have got engi-

neers going into Serbia here in a few

months, engineers going into Moldova.

I know you have talked a lot about usingthe National Guard and the Reserve more.Do you see a way to increase what they aredoing using FY-17 funding?

[Through the State Partnership Pro-gram] Alabama [National Guard] ismatched up with Romania, California

with Ukraine, Pennsylvania with Lithu-ania, Illinois with Poland, and so on.Those states are in and out of there all

of the time in small numbers. … Thatgives us capability in those states that Iwould not have otherwise.

Eighty percent of the Army’s logisticsand engineers are in the reserve deploy-ment. I need their capabilities, engi-

neering and logistics, to do everythingelse we are doing. Probably about aquarter of the soldiers that will be in-

volved in Anakonda are coming fromthe Reserve component.

ERI money is definitely [good], but

frankly, to get access to the Guard andReserve … I need the department tomake sure that that is funded.

What do you still think you need in the outyears beyond this initial plus-up?

My number one need is for combataviation. That is the biggest gap in ourcapabilities. … Everybody knows that

the Army is designed to fight with ouraviation. So, the Army is trying to figureout a way to do it whether it is rotation-

al aviation, rotational troops, whateverthe solution is, because it looks likethey may have to add combat aviation

back into Korea. … We are not the onlyshow in town. That is what is going on.Combat aviation is critical.

The improved lethality of the Strykersneeds to be addressed. I think we willstart seeing that beyond ’17. And all of

us are more and more in charge of train-ing in a cyber environment.

How would you gauge our interoperabilitywith allies now?

We just had our first successful effort

here … where you had an American ar-tillery unit under an Italian brigadeheadquarters.

We were able to process what we call

a digital fire mission in a multinationalenvironment. ... That was a break-

through.

We are making some progress on find-ing a way, a technical solution to having

interoperable secure FM communica-tion where you have American, Germanand French units talking on FM secure

frequency hopping.I still have a long way to go on my

third criteria which is a [multinational]

Common Operating Picture. … Youought to have the icons of all of the na-tions showing up on that COP. Right

now we are just not able to do that. DN

HODGES FROM PAGE 13


ROME — The European Union haswritten to member states asking for de-

tails of recent defense procurements af-ter waking up to the fact that a key 2009European directive on opening markets

to greater competition has been mostlyignored.

Reportedly sent to 13 member states

last month, the letter insists on the “im-portance that the rules of the directiveare applied, concretely, when member

states are contracting.”

Signed by European Commission of-ficial Lowri Evans, the letter, which has

been seen by Defense News, remindsrecipients that all new defense con-tracts, with some exceptions, must be

posted on a European Union bulletinboard.

The 2009 directive, known as 2009/81/

EC, was designed to push memberstates into opening up contracting to

greater cross-border competition, and

to end the use of offsets, creating athriving, open market based on meritand cost. Since then, most European

countries have acknowledged the di-rective selectively, continuing to favordomestic industries.

“Things may have improved very

slightly in the last seven years, but theproblem is enforcement,” said a senior

European industry official, who de-clined to be named. “The directive isfine, but it needs to be enforced,” he

added.Brussels news agency B2 reported

that the letters were sent out last month

to the Czech Republic, Denmark, Fin-land, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy,Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland,

Portugal, Spain and the UK.Each of the 13 letters mentions a con-

tract handed out by the recipient mem-

ber state and requests information on

how the procedure matched the condi-tions on free markets set down by the

2009 directive. A European Commission spokes-

woman declined to state which coun-

tries had received the letters and whatcontracts had been mentioned.

“Administrative letters were sent to

several members asking for clarifica-tion on specific procurement cases, in

order to start a dialogue about the de-

fense procurement directive,” she said.“The directive faces two problems,”

said the source. “If you are a big country

you will favor your own industries,while if you are a small country you willhave a competition and go abroad, but

then insist on offsets — neither of

which are in line with the directive.”

The source said Italy might be ques-tioned about its massive frigate build-ing program, which Rome decided to

handle through the European defensecontracting organization OCCAR.

“Doing it through OCCAR was a neat

trick because that way you can avoidcompetition,” the source said.

The ships will be built thanks to a

funding package that also covers a newlogistics ship and a new LHD vessel, fora total of €5.4 billion (US $5.9 billion),

with Italian state shipyard Fincantieriwinning contracts worth €3.6 billionand state-controlled group Finmeccan-

ica earning work worth €1.8 billion. “The French would have had lots of

competitors for its Scorpion vehicle

program, which was a major purchase,but gave it to home player Nexter, mak-ing the firm more attractive as it en-

tered a merger with Krauss-MaffeiWegmann,” he added.

“Poland asked for plenty of offsets

when it purchased helicopters, as didDenmark for fighter jets,” he said.“There are examples of the directive be-

ing used. After all, competition lowersprices, but when jobs and industrialpolicy are at stake, that is more impor-

tant. Germany is buying frigates using acompetition — let’s see who wins.”

One defense analyst suggested that

the Netherlands’ sale of second-handLeopard tanks to Finland might havecropped up on the EU’s radar. But the

analyst, who declined to be named, saidit was unlikely the EU would get tough

about existing cases.

“The large number and large varietyof cases that the EU will have signaled

suggest that this time Brussels wants to

just issue a general warning,” he said.“It means the EU wants to say, ‘We

cannot pretend anymore that the 2009

directive doesn’t exist’. This is the firsttime the EU reacts since the directivewas introduced and it may go no fur-

ther,” the analyst said.The industrial source said the “admin-

istrative letter” sent to members was far

from a threat of legal action. “This letterappears to be one down the scale froman ‘EU pilot’ letter, which is a formal re-

quest for information,” he said. DN

BY TOM [email protected]

Christopher P. Cavas/Staff

Fincantieri's PPA multipurpose offshorepatrol ship is part of an Italianshipbuilding deal that Rome handledthrough the European defensecontracting organization OCCAR, whichcould help it avoid competition.

European Commission Directive2009/81/EC, which entered intoforce Aug. 21, 2009, is intendedto open up internal markets fordefense and security productsby introducing transparent,competitive procurement rules.

The new rules applied to theprocurement of arms, muni-tions and war materiel and alsoto sensitive non-military con-tracts in areas such as protec-tion against terrorism, whichoften have similar features todefense contracts, accordingto the commission.

BACKGROUND

EU Sharply Reminds Members ofPolicy Promoting Open Markets

EU MARKETS


WASHINGTON — After years of pur-suing a possible deal, Honeywell has

abandoned its hopes of acquiring Unit-ed Technologies — at least for now.

On March 1, days after the two firms

released dueling filings with the Securi-ties and Exchange Commission, Honey-well announced it was no longer

pursuing a deal with UTC. UTC spurnedHoneywell’s $90.7 billion offer ($35.8billion in cash and $54.9 billion in Hon-

eywell shares), citing low valuation and

anti-trust regulatory hurdles.Speaking March 2 at the company’s in-

vestor conference, Honeywell Chair-man and CEO Dave Cote said the dealwould have created a lot of value for

shareholders in both companies.

“We also thought that this would be agreat chance to create a best of both,

really excellent core growth portfolio,”

he said. “But at the end of the day,they’re not interested, and if they’re not

interested and that unwilling, we’ve gotplenty of other stuff to do.”

By invoking concerns over the chal-

lenging regulatory environment, UTC

made it clear that they weren’t simplyholding out for a higher price, said JeffBialos, a partner at Sutherland Asbill &

Brennan who specializes in mergersand acquisitions and previously servedas the Pentagon’s deputy undersecre-

tary of defense for industrial policy.“This was designed to kill the deal, not

as a negotiating effort,” he said. “If you

were interested in the deal, why wouldyou put out a detailed memo, drawing aroadmap for regulators on the problems

with the deal?”Anita Antenucci, senior managing di-

rector at Houlihan Lokey, said UTC’s de-

cision was likely shaped by its recentexperiences with anti-trust regulatorsduring its 2012 acquisition of Goodrich

Corp. and its divestiture of Sikorsky Air-craft last year.

“They’ve had lots of opportunities to

have very direct conversations with theauthorities,” she said. “Moreover, theyknow exactly what the authorities were

told by others in the industry” — possi-bly including Boeing and Lockheed Mar-tin — “when they went through the

Goodrich transaction.”In this case, two major customers, Air-

bus and Boeing, weighed in on the Hon-

eywell-UTC discussions. Airbus CEOTom Enders told Reuters that the pro-posed deal was not in Airbus’ best inter-

est. Boeing, another major customer,released a statement saying it anticipat-ed taking a “very close look” at the deal,

as it would with any potential combina-tion of tier one suppliers within theaerospace and defense industry.

In its public rebuttal of Honeywell’sovertures, UTC indicated that changesto the regulatory environment during

the last year made it likely that the deal

would be blocked outright.Antenucci said she didn’t think gov-

ernment oversight of merger and acqui-

sition activity has changed dramatically.“I don’t think that the regulatory envi-

ronment is ever really that predictable.The only way to really know what reg-ulators think of a deal is to put it to

them,” she said. “Their reaction will alsobe dynamic based on the input thatcomes from the rest of industry.”

UTC’s rationale for rejecting Honey-well’s offer doesn’t have to assume thatregulators will block the deal, she said.

“Someone trying to decide whether to

Courtesy of Honeywell

Honeywell announced its decision toend its pursuit of United Technologies onMarch 1, ending speculation that ahostile takeover could be in the works.

Honeywell Ends Bid forUnited Technologies

UTC Cites Low Valuation,Anti-Trust Regulatory HurdlesBY ANDREW [email protected]

CORPORATE ACQUISITION

Industry

Honeywell

Employees: 129,000Total sales, 2014: $40.3 billionDefense and Space sales, 2014:$4.8 billion

United Technologies

Employees: 196,000Total sales, 2014: $57.9 billionMilitary Aerospace and Spacesales, 2014: $7.53 billion

FAST FACTS


go down that path is probability weight-ing the damage, not just the possibilityof saying no, but the damage that could

be done versus the upside if the dealhappens,” she said. “Many months ofpublic uncertainty about the future of

your company can do damage, even if inthe end there would be some way they’dsay yes.

Honeywell’s public overtures seemeddesigned to generate support from in-vestors and shareholders, and led some

to speculate that it intended to mount ahostile takeover, which are very rare inthe defense sector.

“Defense customers don’t want per-turbations in their program that affectcost schedule or technical perfor-

mance,” said Bialos. “A hostile takeoveris certainly a distraction that would notbe welcomed by defense customers,”

particularly in areas with large, sensi-tive programs.

Antenucci pointed to the many differ-

ent parties that need to sign off on de-fense-related deals as another reasonfor so few hostile transactions.

“There are many, many sources of ap-proval that are required to get a deal.Getting those approvals are always

more likely when you’re doing it as ateam, and you’re going and explainingthe benefits of the transaction, whether

that’s to your government customers,or your prime contractor customers, ora regulatory authority,” she said. “Hos-

tile transactions in a world with somany parties required to approve a dealare nowhere near as likely to be as suc-

cessful as a collaborative strategy.”While Honeywell may have given up

on acquiring UTC, acquisitions remains

a key part of the company’s growthstrategy. During his investor confer-ence presentation, Cote insisted that

just because Honeywell was preparedfor a deal with UTC doesn’t mean that itwill pursue another major target.

“Does this mean you now have your.450 elephant gun out and you’re justrunning around the world looking for

stuff?” Cote asked himself on behalf ofshareholders. “The answer is no.”

However, Honeywell spent $6 billion

in 2015 on buying companies, which itexpects to create a noticeable tailwind

for revenue growth, and shows little in-dication of slowing its buying spree. Onthe same day it officially ended its pur-

suit of UTC, Honeywell also announcedthe acquisition of Movilizer and RSIVideo Technologies.

“It’s plain Honeywell is aggressivelyinterested in pursuing acquisitions,”said Bialos. DN

‘If they’re notinterested ... we’vegot plenty of other

stuff to do.’Honeywell Chairman and CEO Dave Cote


its largest reform in Defense Depart-ment history, the Goldwater-Nichols

Act, Congress has been revisiting theway the military is organized with anaim to streamline.

“There is widespread agreement, in-cluding among people who served inthe Obama administration, that the

Pentagon is too top-heavy,” said HouseArmed Services Chairman Mac Thorn-berry, R-Texas. “I don’t know if it makes

sense to make drastic cuts all of a sud-den. We made some progress last year,and I’m interested in making more pro-

gress, so more taxpayer dollars can goto the front lines and the people defend-ing our freedom.”

Under the umbrella of Goldwater-Nichols reform, SASC held a broad two-month inquiry late last year. That inqui-

ry delved into the acquisitions system,the personnel system and the 1986 lawitself, which underpins the roles and re-

sponsibilities of the defense secretary,the Joint Chiefs chairman and leader-ship of the services, as well as DoD’s

unified commands around the globe.Amid the widely shared view that the

law unintentionally fueled a runaway,outmoded bureaucracy, Thornberryand his Senate counterpart, John

McCain, R-Ariz., have said they want tohelp the Pentagon keep up with powerslike China, Russia, Iran, North Korea,

and violent extremist groups. Arnold Punaro, a former Marine

Corps major general and SASC staff di-

rector when the law was passed, said itwas intended to balance the interests ofOSD against the parochially focused

armed services.“Thirty years later, any legislation has

to be reviewed,” said Punaro, now a key

advocate for reforms. “It’s been very ef-fective, but now it’s out of balance onthe OSD and joint side; before it was out

of balance on the service side.” Building on a shift of certain acquisi-

tion roles to the service chiefs in last

year’s NDAA, this year’s defense policybill should place the chiefs in charge ofrequirements, with their own acquisi-

tions cells, Punaro said. The 2016 lawrequired the chiefs to report to Con-gress this month on any additional au-

thorities they think they need, andseparately how they would link andstreamline the requirements, acquisi-

tions and budget processes.In contrast to staunch Pentagon op-

position in 1986, Carter and other lead-ers are open-minded on reform efforts.Carter reiterated his past support for

the services to have greater say in ac-quisitions.

“In respect to the acquisition system,

for example, something I am very muchin favor of, we have some ways of doingthis and are doing it, which is to involve

the armed services more heavily in theacquisition process,” Carter said. “I’mstrongly in favor of that.”

Up next for Congress is a standalonepiece of acquisition-reform legislationthat Thornberry plans to unveil within

weeks. He said he will use the legisla-tion to vet ideas before incorporatingthem into the 2017 defense policy bill.

In the shadow of a 15-year-old F-35Joint Strike Fighter program that hasdevoured $400 billion and is still beset

by delays and technical problems,Thornberry’s acquisition reform plansinvolve promoting experimentation

and uncoupling the technology devel-opment phase from the productionprocess.

“Programs of record should be forwhen the technology’s mature, so weknow how it will work, we know it will

work, how much it costs, and then wecan go out and buy a thousand or two or

three,” he said. “At the same time weneed to experiment and prototype, andwe don’t do enough of that.”

On the Senate side, McCain broughthis reform agenda into greater focus ata Feb. 25 breakfast with reporters in

Washington. He plans to examine themakeup of DoD’s geographic combat-ant commands and whether any of

them might be redundant, as well as theroles of the service secretaries and OSD— “and how big it’s grown.”

“It’s amazing when you look at thethousands and thousands [of person-nel] that have been added onto these

bureaucracies,” McCain said. “The DoDcannot tell us how many civilian con-tractors they employ, no one knows

how many people work for the Depart-ment of Defense.”

McCain also asked whether the head-

quarters of US Africa Command inStuttgart, Germany, should be relo-cated. (Liberia was the only African na-

tion willing to host the command at itsinception.)

McCain questioned whether US

Northern Command and US SouthernCommand might be consolidated.

“Why should their be an arbitrary line

at the Mexico/Guatemala border?” hesaid. DN

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“All of those investments that wemake, those billions of dollars of invest-

ments that we make in our other weap-ons systems and other command andcontrol systems, those can be signifi-

cantly challenged by our adversaries’investments in electronic warfare,”Church said.

The Russians in particular have con-tinued to develop strong electronicwarfare tactics. Just how good the Rus-

sians are is highlighted in the war in Uk-raine. US Army Europe Commander Lt.Gen. Ben Hodges has called that capa-

bility “eye-watering” on many occa-sions.

While the Russians never stopped de-

veloping EW capabilities, the US hasnot focused heavily on a serious elec-tronic warfare capability for a long

time.Church sees this changing.

What Happened to EW?The Army used to have a robust elec-

tronic warfare capability during the

Cold War, Church said.The service’s Combat Electronic War-

fare Intelligence Battalions were

equipped and trained to win in a con-tested electromagnetic spectrum.These battalions had helicopters outfit-

ted for electronic surveillance and at-tack, they had jamming capabilities,could collect signals, listen to various

frequencies and make decisions onwhether to keep listening or even at-tack the signal, Church explained.

Then the Soviet Union dissolved andthe US entered an era of peace. “Part ofour peace dividend that the Army

cashed in on was we got out of electron-ic warfare,” Church said.

The Army determined it could rely on

the Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps’capabilities instead.

Then the Army found itself back in

war in Iraq and Afghanistan where it en-

countered the radio-controlled impro-vised explosive device — the number

one killer of US forces.Roadside bombs were often detonat-

ed remotely using a basic cell phone.

“We said we need to get back into thebusiness of defeating things like these

radio transmissions called cell phones,”

Church said.In 2005, the Army invented — through

a quick-reaction capability — its

Counter Radio-controlled ImprovisedExplosive Device – Electronic Warfaresystems (CREW), which could jam sig-

nals to prevent remote detonation ofIEDs.

The Army also stood up the service’s

Electronic Warfare program office,

bringing on its first batch of Army elec-tronic warfare officers in 2010, includ-ing Church. The program also

established a Training and DoctrineCommand capabilities manager tooversee EW, a program management of-

fice and an EW proponent office.“It has taken us 10 years to get to

where we have all the right pieces that

the Army requires you to have to createrequirements, get into the budget, andthen go do acquisition,” Church said.

The Acquisition ChallengeThe Integrated Electronic Warfare

System (IEWS) is the future of ArmyEW. It has three parts: The ElectronicWarfare Planning and Management

Tool (EWPMT), the Multi-FunctionElectronic Warfare (MFEW) capabilityand the Defensive Electronic Attack

(DAE) capability.An initial version of the planning and

management tool is scheduled to be

fielded to the Army around September,Church said.

The original plan was to field the tool

in 2009, but the acquisition was delayeddramatically while the Army assembledits EW office and also due to a bid pro-

test that halted work on the tool fromDecember 2012 through the summer2014.

The planning tool will allow soldiersto plan, coordinate and synchronizeelectronic warfare within the electro-

magnetic spectrum using a computerscreen with visuals aids, Church said.

The next step is to field the MFEW

system, which will provide the ability todetect signals and to jam them if neces-sary. The capability will be housed on a

large and small unmanned aircraft andlater a rotary wing aircraft (like the olddays). The capability will also reside in

a large and small ground vehicle, atfixed sites and as a wearable device forthe dismounted soldier.

The Army is first tackling the large aircapability and will then work to devel-op a large ground capability.

The plan now is for the MFEW largeair version to reach initial operationalcapability in 2023. The rest will follow.

Next year, the Army will have to de-

cide whether it will move forward withthe defensive component of the IEWS.

The capability could defeat small UAS,

proximity fuses and other things in thespectrum like CREW did with radio-

controlled IEDs.“If we do not get that decision now,

and in two years we decide we do need

it, we are going to be too late,” becauseCREW is expected to reach end-of-use-ful-life status between 2021 and 2025,

Church said.

Mind the GapMFEW is “the first thing out of the

gate to give us this [EW] capability con-

trolled and owned by the Army, we aretalking about 2023,” Church said. “Nowwhat happens between tonight and that

day in 2023 when the first thing rolls offthe production line? That is a whole lotof time that we might have challenges

where people contest our Army in theelectromagnetic spectrum.”

And the other services can’t be ex-

pected to fill in for the Army when itneeds the capability. The Army needssystems where commanders own, con-

trol and say when to turn them off andwhen to turn them on, Church said.

In February, Sen. Mark Kirk, R-Ill.,

and Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y.,sponsored new bipartisan legislationintroduced to boost the Pentagon’s

electronic warfare efforts.

Strategic PlanningThe Electronic Warfare Enhance-

ment Act would require the Pentagon tosupply Congress with a strategic plan

for enhancing its electronic warfare ca-pabilities through cross-service cooper-ation, streamlining acquisitions and

improving training and advancing of-fensive capabilities.

While the bill is meant for the entire

Pentagon, Church said he hopes, if itpasses, it will directly help the Armymove forward much faster in fielding its

EW capability.The technology is there, Church said.

“I could prove to you intuitively that the

technology exists by citing the Rus-sians are doing it in the Ukraine.”

If the Army acquired new EW capabil-

ity it could overmatch, for example,

Russia’s older technology, according toChurch.

“If we had the funding, we could buy

US-produced electronic warfare capa-bilities that are ready to go today,” he

said.The investment would be worth the

cost because “if you employ your elec-

tronic warfare properly … you would

not need your armored brigade, your

airborne brigade or your infantry bri-gade. You would eliminate the problemusing your electronic warfare capabil-

ities,” Church said.

Cold War UnitThe Army must also consider devel-

oping EW units like it had during theCold War, according to Church. Sol-

diers trained to perform EW missionsare often only equipped with basic gearand not EW-specific equipment, he

said, adding there’s a joke circulatingthat the EW stands for “extra worker.”

Church said after studying how an

EW unit might look when formed, “Iwould advocate that we need one largeEW unit where we put all of our soldiers

. . . our equipment, and where we do allof our maintenance. . . . where we cando all of our training.”

When a commander needs an EWunit, the most-trained soldiers with thebest equipment can deploy from the

larger unit, Church said.Another shortfall the Army could fix

now is improving EW training. “We

could do defensive training right nowthat would make our ability to fight andwin less reliant on this spectrum,”

Church said.

Lt. Gen. Michael Williamson, militarydeputy to the Army acquisition chief,

said at a House Armed Services TacticalAir and Land Forces subcommitteehearing March 2 that electronic warfare

and its effect on the US ability to oper-ate is “one of those areas that we are

concerned with.”

Williamson added, “The concern Iwould have is that as you look at the ac-

cess to technologies our current adver-

saries and our potential adversarieshave, the ability to draw from the inter-net and available technology that is out

there and develop counters to some ofour very important systems, it’s criticalfor us to make an investment in elec-

tronic warfare.” DN

ELECTRONIC WARFARE

EW FROM PAGE 1

Sgt. Alan Smithee/US Army

Capt. Thomas Mesloh, electronic warfare officer for the 2nd Squadron, 108th CavalryRegiment, 224th Sustainment Brigade, right, discusses measurements on a spectrumanalyzer with a convoy escort team commander.


Top Pentagon commandershave labeled Russia the numberone threat to America. Would youagree with that statement andhow does that impact you from aforce and training perspective?

You view the world from where yousit. I’m at Ramstein Air Force Base,Germany, I look east and I see a pretty

powerful Russia. I see a Russia thathas changed borders. I see a Russiathat continues to operate outside of

the international world order. I see aRussia whose strategy is “admit noth-ing, deny everything,” launch counter

accusations and in essence say what-ever you want to say without fear ofany kind of scrutiny. And I see a Rus-

sia that has demonstrated a logisticalcapability, long-range strike capability.Obviously they have their integrated

air defense system (IADS). When theydeploy Russians they deploy IADS.And then we have watched them

operate. I see them talk about preci-sion but I don’t see any precision.That bothers me a little bit.

When you look at the totality ofRussia and what they have done, Ihave very little faith in what they say.

I’m more interested in how they actand up to this point it hasn’t beengood. I think we are doing a lot to

reassure our allies in Europe, but Ithink it is safe to say that they want usto do more.

Are you concerned that thePentagon’s cumbersome foreignmilitary sales (FMS) process isdriving our potential customersand our allies to buy equipmentfrom Russia?

Yes. I think it’s a problem. I think ifthey can’t get it from us and they want

it then they go somewhere else. Thatis the risk that we take. Am I worriedabout it? I don’t lose a lot of sleep

over it except to say that I realize thatif that happens, operating together is

going to be that much harder to do. I

can’t do any machine-to-machineinterface with them because of the

cyber work. Now I have to develop

the tactics, techniques, procedures orconcept of operations that allows usto work together and we are going to

have to overcome the limitation of notbeing able to communicate.

Does Russian aggression high-

light the need for a fifth-genera-tion aircraft like the F-35 inEurope?

I think it makes it inevitable. The

proliferation of the anti-access, aerial-denied (A2AD) environment makes it

necessary. Russia has gone into the21st century. They are fielding somepretty capable equipment. They are

layering them in such a way that al-lows for a redundancy; they havedemonstrated a willingness to con-

tinue to spend on defense becausethey believe that those A2AD environ-ments are a direct counter to what we

are doing with the NATO reforms. I

don’t think that is coincidental. I thinkthat potentially Putin is taking away

the very readiness and responsiveness

gains that we are trying to do throughreorganization and positioning.

Last year, the Air Force de-ployed F-22s to Europe. Were theypart of the European ReassuranceInitiative?

Right now we do have a theatersecurity package of A-10s and F-15s on

the books, funded by the ERI. Up tothis point, a permanent F-22 deploy-ment to Europe has not been part of

that. So the only way that I would ever

get an F-22 is for a shorter duration.During the rotational deployment, we

trained against them. We tested ourinfrastructure to make sure that theyfit in the shelter and obviously you

can do measurements with that, but itsure is nice having the machine therefor any kind of unattended conse-

quences. It introduces to our Euro-pean allies another aircraft.

Will you consider a permanentbase of F-22s in Europe?

I don’t think I’m there yet. It might

come to that. I think the F-22s havebeen heavily involved in Syria. Theyhave been heavily tasked to do mis-

sions worldwide. Although it wouldcertainly be beneficial if it was anF-22, these tasks can be done with

another aircraft. I am just trying tomake good use of that asset. We onlyhave 186 of them, and 30 of them I

think are in training. I try to be a goodsteward of the asset and the money.

When are you going to get thefirst squadrons of F-35s inEurope? What unique capabilitieswill the F-35 bring?

It looks like we will get our firstF-35 squadron in 2021. It is going to

bring the ability to strike. It is going tobe able to deliver air superiority. Thebeauty of the F-35 is for the first time

ever we have an airplane that literallycan do four out of five core compe-tencies. It can do air and space superi-

ority, it can do strike, it can do intelli-gence, surveillance and reconnais-sance (ISR), and it can do command

and control. I personally can’t wait. I

wish it was higher in the priority tocome here, but I am accepting of that.

It is soon that we begin the process of

laying down the infrastructure neededto work that airplane.

I would love to have both the F-22and the F-35 in Europe. They are thatcomplementary. But we don’t have

plans nor have we discussed anything

Hailey Haux/US Air Force

USAF Gen. Frank GorencCommander, US Air Forces inEurope, Africa, Allied Air Command

F-22s In Europe?Two USAF F-22 fighters

exercised in Poland inSeptember, but US offi-cials claim no permanentbasing is being discussed.

Two years after forces under Russian President Vladimir Putin invaded

Ukraine, Gen. Frank Gorenc, head of US Air Forces in Europe, still be-

lieves Russia is the No. 1 threat to his area of responsibility. Gorenc has

watched with rising concern as Moscow intervened in Syria with little re-

gard for civilian casualties, repeatedly invaded allied airspace and demon-

strated a troubling long-range strike capability.

In the face of the growing threat, Gorenc is working to reassure allies in the

region. This year he will have more resources: President Obama’s latest

budget request more than quadrupled overseas contingency operations

money funneled into what is being called the European Reassurance Ini-

tiative. But there is always more that could be done.

about forward basing any F-22s.

What would you like to see fromthe new B-21 bomber in terms ofcapability?

I think in the end it will be what the

B-2 delivers, only better. More reli-able. And the capability of that air-craft obviously with its stealth charac-

teristics opens up a lot of targetingcapability. To the extent that they can,I wouldn’t mind seeing some of the

improvements in whatever you can doto contribute to the ISR mission. Butthat is what I am expecting for it. I

need it to be more persistent. I need itto be more long range. I need it to bemission capable at a very high rate.

How do you balance your mis-sion in Europe and Africa, twovery different regions?

I think there is almost a blending ofthe national or the security challenges

between Europe and Africa and it hasonly been exacerbated because of therefugees. Clearly, what you have seen,

the Mediterranean Sea is not bigenough to stem that flow, particularlyfrom Libya. And so to that extent the

challenges for Europe are challengesfor Africa, particularly Northern Afri-ca and Central and Southern Africa.

And it turns out I don’t have to reallybalance it. Whenever there is some-thing that needs to be done relatively

quickly, I am able to leverage theassigned forces in Europe.

How important is interoperabil-ity with our allies in Europe andAfrica?

It is the bedrock of the alliance. Wespend a lot of time making sure thatwe are able to fight tonight, fight

tomorrow, fight on short notice. Thatactivity goes all the way from the waythat you manage a data base to the

way that you train your helicopters to

the way that you fly your helicopters.Africa is a little bit different. There

are very few countries in Africa re-motely close to the capability wehave. In the end we are able to have

great effect on some of those airforces because they are just devel-

oping personnel to be able to do the

basic air force 101: the running of anair field, how to do medical stuff, all

of those support functions. We see

great improvements in their ability todo things that would support air. Butit is much harder to be completely

interoperable in Africa because thedifference in capability is so large.

By Lara Seligman in Orlando, Fla.


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March 15-16, 2016PRECISION STRIKE ANNUALREVIEW (PSAR-16)Precision Engagement AcquisitionStrategy to Support Third OffsetWaterford at Springfield Springfield, VA

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Confirmed keynote speakers include:

• Lieutenant General Anthony Ierardi,USA-J-8 Director, The Joint Staff

• James "Hondo" Geurts-AcquisitionExecutive, USSOCOM

• Congressman Rob Wittman-VA-01• Major General Ole Knudson, USA-

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PSAR-16 will SHOWCASE numerousessential topics related to precisionengagement:

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Panelists hail from the Services & Naval Special Warfare Group FOUR:

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Highlight of PSAR-16: Presentation of20th Annual William J. Perry Award to

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MARCH MARCH

March 29-31, 2016DOHA INTERNATIONALMARITIME DEFENCE EXHIBITION& CONFERENCE (DIMDEX 2016)Doha, Qatarwww.dimdex.com

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DefenseNews

With nine months left in histerm, US Defense SecretaryAsh Carter made his latest

visit to Silicon Valley last week,launching key initiatives in his drive tokeep US military technology ahead of

its fast-moving competitors.First, the Pentagon will let vetted

computer hackers probe DoD web-

sites and share weaknesses in ex-change for possible rewards.

Second, a new advisory board will

be formed — headed by AlphabetChairman and former Google CEOEric Schmidt and composed of top

tech minds — to advise Carter direct-ly.

The moves got strong reviews from

the tech community, although criticssay Carter should have rolled themout when he unveiled his innovation

plan a year ago. It’s unclear when thegroup will be assembled or how manytimes it will meet.

Still, it’s a key step.But given that success tends to

breed success, Carter must quickly

move ideas from Silicon Valley intoDoD weapons programs to show thatthis approach can work.

He must also link this new advisorypanel with the heritage defense indus-try, which remains a powerful source

of innovation and vital to deliveringsolutions “at scale.”

Carter also must work with the

Office of Personnel Management toreform onerous rules for those servingon government advisory panels. Amer-

ica’s best and brightest want to servethe nation, not fill out 150-page gov-ernment forms.

DoD’s innovation effort is gainingsteam but Carter’s time is short. Hemust continue his outreach, but the

measure of merit will be turning thebest ideas into solutions for the big-gest military problems.

Keep Up MomentumTo Drive Innovation

The announcement that Britainand France have finally agreed

to press ahead with a $2.1 billioneffort to develop a stealthy unmannedcombat air vehicle is welcome news.

Now they have to turn this agree-ment into a concrete contract that willpave the way for the most ambitious

and sophisticated Anglo-French air-craft project since the Concorde setbenchmarks that remain unbeaten.

That’s good news for both nations aswell as all those who will be involvedin the effort — prime contractors BAE

Systems and Dassault, engine-makersRolls-Royce and SNECMA and sys-tems houses Selex and Thales.

Analysts saw the deal as a watershedgiven the political challenges facingboth Prime Minister David Cameron

and President François Hollande.While Hollande has built a reputa-

tion as being strong abroad, his ap-

proval rating at home is low, makinghim vulnerable to losing his job inelections next year.

Cameron has his own headaches. Toplacate those who want Britain to exitthe European Union — as he did with

the Scottish independence push —Cameron called a referendum forJune. While many expect Britain to

vote to stay in the EU under newterms, the opposition is growingstronger.

A deal between Europe’s two leadingmilitary powers on a major arms pro-gram would give ammunition to those

who say Britain could leave the EUwithout repercussions.

As this new system is developed,

Paris and London must also determine

how this effort links with the French,German and Italian push for a new

generation medium-altitude UAV, a

program hobbled by the popularity ofthe General Atomics’ Reaper.

They also must closely coordinatewith Washington and its NATO alliesto ensure the new plane is fully in-

teroperable.Most importantly, both nations must

have this program to field capabilities

needed for an uncertain future whilepreserving engineering and industrialknow-how key to their sovereign

needs and global export success.

EDITORIALS

Last week’s deadly incident in-volving two Israeli soldiers whobungled into a West Bank Pales-

tinian refugee camp highlights thechallenges of depending too heavily ontechnology.

The two were in uniform and driving

a military vehicle, guided by a popularnavigation app to take a shortcut from

Jerusalem to Ramallah.But when they drove into the Qalan-

diya camp, they were pelted with

rocks and firebombs.A rescue party arrived and clashes

lasted for hours, leaving a Palestinian

student dead and 15 wounded, in-cluding five Israeli policemen.

Israel’s Defense Minister Moshe

Ya’alon noted that the soldiers haddepended too much on technology anddidn’t “know the terrain.” He wisely

added that despite GPS, “you cannotneglect locating yourself with a map."

He’s right. Technology is vital, but so

too are core skills critical to accom-

plish missions when technologydoesn’t work or is compromised. Sen-ior officers worldwide laud their

younger troops’ facility with sophisti-cated technologies, often using themin innovative ways. But they are also

more likely than their elders to trustwhat their devices are telling them.

Nations like China, Russia and oth-

ers are working to undermine theconnectivity that is integral to theworld’s most advanced militaries.

None is as dependent on that globalconnectivity as the US military.

The good news is the Pentagon

understands the problem and is pre-

paring for a future in which adversar-ies jam or spoof GPS and other key

networks.

The response must blend bettertechnology with old-fashioned, basic

military education and empoweredleadership to ensure that no matter theobstacles, US and allied forces can get

the job done.

Maintain Core Military Skills

France and UKMust MoveAhead on UCAV


COMMENTARY

As the US House and SenateArmed Services committeestackle defense reform, opera-

tions and sustainment (O&S) costs area high-profile target for budget cuts.They make up over half the annual

defense budget and lack the defenseindustry’s powerful political support.

Yet, O&S cuts executed without

careful consideration of long term-implications seriously harm our mil-itary’s future ability to fight.

O&S funding supports the mostsignificant advantages our militarybrings to battle: proficient soldiers,

sailors, airmen and Marines operatingwell-maintained equipment. Realisticand continuous training brings confi-

dence and flexibility; battle-readyequipment supported by a robustsupply system ensures our war fight-

ers stay in the fight. The Office of the Secretary of De-

fense (OSD) must ensure that legisla-

tors fully appreciate the importance ofthe military’s training and readinessbudget. We must not let short-sighted

political wins result in long-term bat-

tlefield losses.Despite the strategic significance of

O&S costs, they are often the first

casualty in budget battles. For ex-ample, forced retention of the A-10aircraft fleet and prohibitions on clos-

ing unneeded facilities inhibit thePentagon’s ability to allocate its ownbudget. Such decisions squeeze O&S

funding. Compounded with the Bud-get Control Act of 2011, they leavedefense leaders with relatively few

dollars at their discretion.Procurement programs enjoy a large

constituency. Military leaders like to

increase vehicle, ship and aircraftnumbers. Elected officials embracethe economic benefits in their districts

from a nationwide defense industrialbase. In contrast, the benefits of train-ing and readiness only become obvi-

ous on the battlefield. Their qualitativecontributions to national power aredifficult to convey in the age of 140

character press releases.The OSD needs to work to heighten

public awareness and generate a moti-

vated, credible constituency in sup-

port of military readiness.A good place to clearly articulate the

economic benefits of training and

maintenance activities is with mem-bers of the House and Senate ArmedServices Readiness subcommittees

and senior members of the full ArmedServices committees.

Facility administration and mainte-

nance staff keep our training groundsopen and relevant. Construction andimprovement of training facilities

generates local demand for labor.Movement of troops and equipment toand from training areas support the

transportation industry.

The strongest voices in support of

readiness and maintenance shouldcome from the sources best suited tospeak of their importance:

• The four-star general regionalcombatant commanders responsiblefor directing combat military opera-

tions. No senior officers are betterpositioned to observe the war-fightingability of our forces.

• Recent Medal of Honor recipients,because no one can speak with great-er authority about critical factors that

determine tactical success on thebattlefield.

• The secretary of defense, because

prioritizing our war-fighting capa-bilities must have the full and publicsupport of the nation’s senior defense

official.We shouldn’t give a free pass to

O&S. These costs grew faster than our

force over the past two decades and, ifleft unchecked, will overwhelm thedefense budget. Yet we need to make

certain legislators are aware of therepercussions of their budget choices.

A multistep approach to defense

reform is needed, and the secretary ofdefense should lead the charge tokeep at the forefront of reform the

best interests of our war fighters. DN

Last year, the Pentagon imple-mented Better Buying Power 3.0

and Congress passed sweepingacquisition reforms. Both are designedto improve lines of authority and ac-

countability to achieve dominantcapabilities through technical excel-lence and innovation. Now, as Con-

gress deliberates the president’s fiscal2017 budget, we’ll see how the Penta-gon plans to tackle the toughest chal-

lenges.Perhaps the most telling challenge

involves winning the raging cyberwar

that could deny or degrade our coreinfrastructure, such as banking toenergy networks. Surveying the Penta-

gon’s many programs to assess our

response to the cyber threat highlightsone such program — the global posi-

tioning system (GPS).

Last year, Sen. John McCain flaggedthe GPS upgrade program, saying that

costs are spiraling out of control. Onthe surface, the Air Force-led NextGeneration Operational Control Sys-

tem (OCX) program seemed guilty

with $1.1 billion in cost growth and a

four-year extension. The Government

Accountability Office cited a failure tofollow best acquisition practices.

While it is easy to say in hindsight,

recognizing key cybersecurity require-ments deserves special attention inother agencies as well, such as the

Office of Personnel Management,which lost tens of millions of person-nel records. Equally caught off-guard

were big US companies, which FBIDirector James Comey categorized aseither those that have fallen prey to

hackers, or those that will.

Pentagon acquisition leader FrankKendall recognizes the need to deal

with the cyber threat. In 2014, Kendalladmitted that the US is “under attackin the cyber world” and “we’ve got to

do a better job protecting our things.”To that end he highlighted cyberse-

curity in the Better Buying Power 3.0

guidance and educational initiatives. Our acquisition process takes years

to spin up with requirements devel-

opment, industry engagement and

procurement competition after Con-gress sanctions the new-start program.

The crystal ball forecasts of the threat

better be clear and broadly accepted. On the other side are enemies who

daily look for an asymmetric advan-tage. What they’ve found in the cyberrealm are weaknesses they’ve exploit-

ed to great success and seek to con-trol. In the cyber realm the half-life forchange is annual or quicker and our

lumbering acquisition cycle is simplyoutmatched.

Years ago I argued the concept of the

acquisition OODA loop as an adjunct

to John Boyd’s famous combat opera-tions process of Observe-Orient-De-

cide-Act. The concept centers on

having a faster cycle than the enemy toprobe and exploit the weaknessesrather than simply overpower it. In the

case of cyberwar, our acquisition-OODA cycle needs be a fraction of themultiyear one we have today.

The upgrade effort for the GPS pro-gram started with a fledgling cyberthreat that evolved into today’s major

threat. OCX had to recognize the newrealities, reorient to address the threat,decide on the solutions and then act.

In the meantime, we witnessed GAOinvestigations and a Nunn-McCurdybreach.

The catastrophic implications ofattacks on our GPS-related infrastruc-ture and the relatively slow acquisition

cycle demands the Air Force add fund-

ing to OCX. Scrapping such an impor-tant program would be disastrous and

place us years behind an already esca-

lating threat.Over the longer-term, the Pentagon

needs to partner with Congress todevelop a much more rapid acquisitioncycle that leads, instead of reacts to,

the threat. DN

GPS Upgrade Must Navigate Acquisition Retired Col. RobertNewton is a retiredAir Force acquisitionofficer, technologistand test pilot.

Don’t Hang Readiness Out To DryChris Cammack is agraduate student atthe GeorgeWashington UniversityElliott School forInternational Affairs,Department of theNavy engineer anddecorated combatveteran.

The US Defense Department employs

29,000 scientists and engineers in 63DoD laboratories, warfare centers and

engineering centers across 22 states,maintaining the military’s immediateneeds and preparing for future threats.

At a Feb. 24 Capitol Hill hearing, sev-eral Pentagon officials told lawmakers

what game-changing technology theysee their successors working on overthe next 10 to 20 years.

Testifying at the House Armed Ser-vices Emerging Threats subcommittee

were DoD Assistant Secretary for Re-search and Engineering Stephen Welby;Army Deputy Assistant Secretary for

Research and Technology Mary Miller;Director of Naval Research, InnovationTechnology and Requirements Mat

Winter; Air Force Deputy Assistant Sec-retary for Science, Technology and En-gineering David Walker; and Defense

Advance Research Projects Agency Di-rector Arati Prabhakar. DN

Future Tech

Autonomous SystemsDoD is moving beyond baby steps to develop un-

manned vehicles that operate under the sea, on theocean’s surface or in flying swarms. Cognitive artificialintelligence will have to interact with humans seam-lessly. Coupled with computing advances, DoD couldsee “man-based and machine capabilities at levels wehaven’t even thought about, Terminators, those typesof things,” said Director of Naval Research, InnovationTechnology and Requirements Mat Winter.

Synthetic BiologyWhat about a man-made organism that, say, eats me-

tallic materials and excretes electricity in any domain,even undersea or in a vacuum, a prospect, Winter said,that “allows us to start to think of the possibilities ofendless supplies of energy.”

Nano-technologyLeap-ahead nano-photonics could lead to a revolu-

tion in information transmission and processing thatenables advances in artificial intelligence or even syn-thetic organisms. DARPA recently launched a programaimed at building atom-sized micro machines.

MetamaterialsA class of manmade materials that has the potential

to control and manipulate light, sound or other physicalphenomena. Such materials might guide light aroundan object effectively rendering the object, such as a jetor a tank, invisible to the eye or to radar waves.


Last Word

Social BehaviorDARPA chief Arati Prabhakar believes changes in so-

cial behavior on the internet will give DoD worseningprivacy and information warfare headaches in years tocome—and in DoD’s understanding of it. “And I wouldsubmit that there’s actually nothing more fundamentalto national security than that,” Prabhakar said.

What Do the Pentagon’s Tech Gurus See DoDFocusing On in the Next Two Decades?BY JOE [email protected]

Illustrations by John Bretschneider/Staff

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