DEFENSE!!!

Submitted by:Ejay Craig D.L. de Leon

Queentine Seth N. CastilloPatricia Bianca B. Dela

CruzIV – Mabini

Marikina Science High School

Sta. Elena Marikina City The Effectiveness of Ethephon

and Salicylic Acid to the

Growth of Bonsai Ficus Plant When Propagated Through

Marcotting

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

METHODOLOGY

PRESENTATION, DISCUSSION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS,

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

APPENDIX

ABSTRACTOur world is full of pollution and waste. This is an ongoing battle since the beginning of time. We were the ones who caused this

plague; therefore we should also be the ones to solve this problem. As young minded students, we would like to solve this problem in

our little intelligent way.Plants are a magnificent entity created by God. They require no batteries or power source and emit no waste. In fact they help

cleanse this earth that we move in. The researchers have devised a simple yet effective plan to help the reduction of waste to our planet. This plan is to amplify and hasten the growth of a bonsai ficus plant by means of applying chemicals to plants propagated through marcotting. The bonsai ficus plant

specifically Chinese banyan has been proven by experts to be more effective in filtering air than other plants. Marcotting is a way of plant propagation that greatly hastens the growth of plants by

applying the chemicals salicylic acid and ethephon. These chemicals further help in nurturing and assisting in plant growth

and propagation. Knowing that Bonsai Ficus plant is good specie in removing air pollutants, we used it and applied chemicals to make it grow faster and maximize the use of each plant. The marcotting and application of chemicals has been done in a safe and effective

way. Data were gathered with precision and accuracy.

BACK

Many countries are suffering from air pollution. One of these countries is our own country – Philippines.

Plants can provide us with fresh air but it is not enough to actually remove all chemical pollutants in

the air. There are some plants that can help us reduce chemical pollutants in the air. One of these is the

Bonsai Ficus Plant. The Ficus Plant won’t completely clean the air but it can help to reduce good amount of pollutants. There are some chemicals that may fasten

the rate of growth of this plant so that we can maximize the use of it.

The researchers want out find out the effectiveness of certain chemicals to fasten the rate of

growth of the Bonsai Ficus Plant.

INTRODUCTION NEXT BACK

INTRODUCTION

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe aim of the study is to increase the rate of growth of the plant, Bonsai Ficus, in order to maximize the use of the plant, in a shorter period of time.

The researchers sought of answer the following research questions:•What are the steps involved in planting Bonsai Ficus Plant when salicylic acid ethephon react on it while growing?•What are the various characteristics of Bonsai Ficus Plant when salicylic acid and ethephon react on it while growing?•How salicylic acid and ethephon do affect the rate of growth of Bonsai Ficus Plant?•Howlong does it take the Bonsai Ficus Plant to grow at a certain height when salicylic acid and ethephon are made to react on it?

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INTRODUCTION

HYPOTHESISBonsai Ficus Plant is very useful. It helps

prevent air pollution by purifying the air we breathe. Marcotting or air layering is another easy way to propagate hardwood cuttings and

produce a replicate plant of quickened maturity. A great advantage of marcotting is

the near-certainty of success for rooting. Unlike cuttings, which are removed from the parent, a marcot remains and continues to be fed by the parent. Salicylic acid and ethephon will have no effect on the rate of Bonsai Ficus

Plant.

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INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANCE OR SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Many countries are now suffering from air pollution. It must be pointed out that this a

strong reason why this kind of study must be conducted because when it proves that these

chemicals are effective, this can help us to maximize the uses of Bonsai Ficus Plant in

reducing air pollution.This study will benefit the people

especially those with hepatitis and asthma because the Bonsai Ficus Plant helps in

reducing chemical pollutants.

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INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF TERMS•Bonsai – a small decorative evergreen shrub or tree grown into a pot, which has been prevented from growing to its usual size by various method.•Marcotting – an old term for the layering, where a stem is induced to form roots while staying on the parent plant. Then it is wrapped with moist sphagnum peat moss and tied in place with plastic sheeting. When roots are well-formed the branch is cut below the roots to make a new plant.•Salicylic Acid – is a betahydroxy-acid. This colorless crystalline organic synthesis and functions as plant hormone.•Ethephon – is the most widely used plant growth regulator. It is often used in wheat, coffee, tobacco, cotton and rice. In order to help the plants’ fruit to reach maturity more quickly.

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INTRODUCTION

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted to determine the status of rate of growth of the Bonsai Ficus Plant. It is also conducted to test whether the chemicals, salicylic acid and ethephon can fasten the rate of growth of

Bonsai Ficus Plant at a certain period of time.The limitation of this study is to only reduce

the air pollution of a specific area. Air pollution is a global crisis and we alone cannot totally eliminate this problem. Another limitation of our study is the use of only two chemicals which are salicylic acid

and ethphon for these are affordable and non-hazardous.

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INTRODUCTION

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

BACK

INPUT

Bonsai Ficus Plant

Ethephon

Salicylic Acid

Other adequate materials

such as water, gardening

tools, sprinkler and

sprayer

PROCESS

Planting

Marcotting

Application of chemicals

Watering

OUTPUT

A Bonsai Ficus Plant with fast rate of growth

REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE

After six years of governmental wrangling and a massive nationwide campaign to gather signatures, the Philippines—home to one of the world’s most polluted cities—is on the verge of passing clean air legislation. The population of Manila has grown faster than that in any other city since 1970 and now stands at at least 12 million, with 12600 people to each square kilometre. Smog constantly blankets the city, 2.2 million motor vehicles form traffic jams, and pedestrians keep handkerchiefs clamped over their mouths and noses.

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Philippines tackles air pollutionClaire WallersteinManila

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), levels of lead in the air in Manila are more than three times the established safety limit, and concentrations of suspended particulate matter are also dangerously high. Other pollutants have not been measured.

A recent survey by the Philippine Paediatric Society, which asked doctors to describe the most common illnesses that they treat, received the same response in every case: diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE

BACK

METHODOLOGY

METHOD OF RESEARCHThe experimental method of research was used in this study. The experimental method of research

is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings. Since the present

study or investigation was concerned on the effectiveness of the chemicals such as salicylic

acid and ethephon on the growth of bonsai ficus plant, the experimental method of research was the most appropriate method to use. This kind of method may help to determine the differences on

the growth of the marcotted bonsai ficus plant with added chemicals versus the normal growing

bonsai ficus plant.

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METHODOLOGY

METHOD OF COLLECTING DATAThe ficus plant was propagated through marcotting since it is the fastest way of plant propagation. The method of collecting data used was the empirical

observation method. This is concerned with looking into the differences of some element. Since the

present research is concerned about the effectiveness of the chemicals to the plant bonsai

ficus, observation was the most appropriate method to use in gathering data.

The instrument used for gathering data was the ruler which incorporates measurement. A ruler was used since it is a common item that can accurately

measure the length of a stem of a growing ficus plant and because it is the most convenient and accurate measuring tool that can be used by the

researchers.

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METHODOLOGY

PROCEDURES

The researchers, shall gather the materials needed for the execution of the experiment. These materials are the following:

•Salicylic Acid•Ethephon•Soil•Pots•1 Mature Bonsai ficus Plant.•Sphagnum Moss Tape

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After gathering we shall proceed with the experimentation. Take one of the mature ficus plants and then label it PLANT A, then wound

the plant in three different areas. These are known as target areas. Label each target area as

TARGET AREA 1, TARGET AREA 2 and TARGET AREA 3 respectively. Once the

marcotting is finished, apply Salicylic Acid to TARGET AREA 1, and apply Ethepon to

TARGET AREA 2. Then do not apply anything to TARGET AREA 3. Record if there is increase in measurement. Once roots have developed in the

stems of the young ficus, transfer them to separate pots.

METHODOLOGY

PROCEDURES

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Organize the data collected in the first trial of the experiment through graphs and charts.

These will be used later in the research.A second trial of experimentation is needed to

further test the results, repeat the previous steps.

Organize the data collected in the second trial of the experiment through graphs and

charts. These will be used later in the research.Using the data collected, in the form of

graphs and charts compare the results of each experiment. The numerical data will be listed

then qualitative data will be compared.

METHODOLOGY

PROCEDURES

BACK


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Start of Experiment (Marcotting of Stems) :

9-Oct-10

Date of Initial Treatment with Chemicals :

9-Oct-10

Attributes / Characteristics

PLANT A PLANT B PLANT CTreated

with Ethephon

Treated with Salicylic Acid

No Chemicals (Water only)

CONTROL

1. ROOTS a. Texture Rough Rough Roughb. Color Brown Brown Brownc. Thickness 0.1 cm ae 0.1 cm ae 0.1 cm ae

d. Length 4.0 cm abd 2.0 cm abd 0.5 cm abd

Table 1Observations on the Effects of Plant Regulators on Bonsai Ficus

Plants

3. LEAVES a. Texture smooth smooth smoothb. Color green green greenc. Size 7.75cm af 6cm af 4.5cm af

d. Abundancy

Very Abundant

Abundant Average


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2. STEM a. Texture rough rough roughb. Color brown brown brownc. Thickness 0.5 cm ae 0.4 cm ae 0.3 cm ae

d. Length 16.0 cm acd 15.0 cm acd 8.0 cm acd

Footnote:a - Based on average measurementb - See Weekly Growth and Growth Rate on Table 2 and Figure 1.1 and 1.2c - See Weekly Growth and Growth Rate on Table 3 and Figure 2.1 and 2.2d - See Weekly Growth and Growth Rate on Table 4 and Figure 3.1 and 3.2e - See Weekly Growth and Growth Rate on Table 5 and Figure 4.1 and 4.2f - See Weekly Growth and Growth Rate on Table 6 and Figure 5.1 and 5.2

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Plant A Plant B Plant C

Len

gth

(cm

)


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Figure 1.1Weekly Growth of Bonsai Ficus

Plant

Plant A Plant B Plant C0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.72

0.50

0.20

Gro

wth

Rat

e (

cm)


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Figure 1.2Average Growth Rate of Bonsai Ficus Plant based on

Length of Roots

The growth of roots of Plant A started on the 5th week with an average growth rate of 0.72 cm. while Plant B started on the 6th week with an average growth rate of 0.50 cm. Whereas, the roots of Plant C started to grow only on the 8th week with an average growth rate of 0.20 cm. The roots of Plant C started to grow only on the 8th week with an average growth rate of 0.20 cm. Growth rate of Plant A increased tremendously by 0.52 cm , whereas growth rate of Plant B increased only by 0.30 cm compared to Plant C (Control-w/o treatment). Based on the above data, the effect of treatment is seen tremendously on the growth of roots with the use of plant regulators based on the difference on growth rate of 0.22 cm when using Ethephon vs. Salicylic Acid


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Figure 2.1Growth of Bonsai Ficus Plant based on Length of Stems

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0


Leng

th

(cm

)


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Figure 2.2Average Growth Rate of Bonsai Ficus Plant based on Length of Stems

Plant A Plant B Plant C0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.201.06 1.03

0.23

Gro

wth

Rat

e (

cm)

The growth of stems of Plant A, Plant B and Plant C started on the 2nd week with an average growth rate of 1.11 cm. for Plant A, 1.00 cm for Plant B and 0.22 cm for Plant C. Growth rate of Plant A increased tremendously by 0.89 cm, whereas growth rate of Plant B increased only by 0.78 cm compared to Plant C (Control-w/o treatment). Based on the above data, the effect of treatment is slightly evident on the growth of stems due to a difference on growth rate of 0.11 cm only when using Ethephon vs. Salicylic Acid


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Figure 3.1Growth of Bonsai Ficus Plant based on Average Length of Roots and Stems at Week 10


0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

ROOTS STEMS

Leng

th (

cm)


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Figure 3.2Comparative Difference on the Length of Roots and Stems of Plant A and B vs. Control

ROOTS STEMS0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

ROOTSPlant A

3.5

STEMSPlant A

8.0

ROOTSPlant B

1.5

STEMSPlant B

7.0

Ave

rage

Len

ght

(cm

)

The length of roots of Plant A increased by 3.50 cm which is equivalent to 700% increased vs. control. Whereas Plant B increased by 1.50 cm which is equivalent to 300% increased vs. control. As for the length of stems of Plant A increased by 8.00 cm which is equivalent to 100% increased vs. control. Whereas Plant B increased by 7.00 cm which is equivalent to 87.50% increased vs. Control.


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Figure 5.1Growth of Bonsai Ficus Plant based on Average Size of Leaves at week 10


0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

Size

(cm

)


BACK

Figure 5.2Comparative Difference on the Size of Leaves of Plant A & B vs. Control

Plant A Plant B0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

3.3

1.5

Ave

rage

Siz

e (c

m)

The size of leaves Plant A increased by 3.33 cm which is equivalent to 72% increased vs. control. Whereas Plant B increased by 1.50 cm which is equivalent to 33% increased vs. control.

Based on the above data, there are effects on size of leaves plants with the use of plant regulators. Also, the data shows that Plant A using Ethephon has greater effect as evident on the greater increased by 120% vs. Plant B using salicylic acid.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

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The purpose of this study is to determine which is best among salicylic acid, ethrel or none, in order to speed up the rate of growth of Bonsai Ficus plant propagated

through marcotting. This study was performed to examine more closely the effect of each chemical to the rate of

growth of the Bonsai Ficus plant propagated through marcotting.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

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What are the steps involved in planting Bonsai Ficus Plant when salicylic acid ethephon react on it while growing?

• There are steps followed in planting the Bonsai Ficus plant. The researchers start with choosing the right specie of Bosai Ficus plant which was

the best to use in order to perform the experiment at its best. With the help of some people, the researchers began to perform the experimentation. The researchers’ marcotted

three stems of the Ficus plant to a mature plant and injected the chemicals into two of the three

stems. The third stem is injected with no chemicals at all. After the roots had grown, the researchers transferred the new plant to a new

pot.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

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• After transferring the new plants, the researchers compared and contrasted the three new plants. With

the researchers’ bare eyes, the researchers saw that the plant injected with ethrel was the most grown plant

among the three while the plant with no chemicals at all was the least. In terms of the roots, the researchers manage to see that the plant injected with ethrel has

longer and thicker roots, followed by the plant injected with salicylic acid then the plant injected with none. In terms of leaves, still the plant injected with ethrel has

the most number of leaves, followed by the plant injected with salicylic acid then the plant injected with none. In the length of stem, the plant with ethrel still

has the longest, again followed by the plant with salicylic acid then the plant with none.

What are the various characteristics of Bonsai Ficus Plant when salicylic acid and ethephon react on it while growing?

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

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• The chemicals affected the rate of growth of plants a lot. It speeded up the rate of growth of the Bonsai Ficus plant. Ethrel affected the rate of growth of the Bonsai Ficus plant more than that of the salicylic acid and the one that has none. Among the three, ethrel made most fast effects to the Bonsai Ficus plant but the salicylic acid also made its job. The salicylic acid speeded up the growth of the Bonsai Ficus plant but not as fast as the one with

ethrel.

How salicylic acid and ethephon do affect the rate of growth of Bonsai Ficus Plant?

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

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• The researchers performed our experiment on a somewhat long period of time. It took us around 5

months to finish everything. The researchers haven’t set any certain height but it grew more than we

expected. The anticipated results were that no roots will grow from the propagated stem. The

researchers also anticipated that if there will be roots present, it would not grow as much as it has

grown.From the unexpected results, the researchers

recorded everything and analyzed everything. Until the researchers completed every data they need. In

addition to the information gathered, the researchers took pictures and made tables in order

to present the data.

Howlong does it take the Bonsai Ficus Plant to grow at a certain height when salicylic acid and ethephon are made to react on it?

CONCLUSIONSBACK NEXT

The conclusion of this study is based on the data collected from the experiment.

The anticipated results of the study were that the chemicals (ethrel and salicylic

acid) will take no effect on the plant. This assumption was found to be wrong.

The researchers therefore concluded that the use of the chemicals salicylic acid and ethrel really affect the plant in terms of roots, stem and number of leaves. The

researchers found out that ethrel can make more effects on the rate of growth of the

Bonsai Ficus plant.

RECOMMENDATIONSBACK

The application of Ethephon and Salicylic Acid to a marcotted bonsai ficus plant, greatly influenced its

growth and propagation. The researchers recommend all people who are planning to grow

and breed bonsai to use Ethephon and Salicylic acid mainly because of the obvious and immediate effects of the said chemicals. Ethephon gives a

more immediate effect than salicylic acid but still, both are effective in treating bonsai ficus plants. These chemicals save the planter time and effort when breeding and growing bonsai ficus plants.

Furthermore, the researchers recommend to propagate the Chinese banyan because of its ability

to cleanse and filter the air around us. It will not only make your garden beautiful but it will also

make the world a better place to live in.

APPENDIXBACK NEXT

DOCUMENTATION

CHINESE BAYAN – FICUS MICROCARPA

APPENDIXBACK NEXT

DOCUMENTATION

CHEMICALS

ETHREL/ETHEPHON

SALICYLIC ACID

APPENDIXBACK NEXT

DOCUMENTATION

MARCOTTING

INSERTION POINT -A

INSERTION POINT -B

INSERTION POINT -C

APPENDIXBACK NEXT

DOCUMENTATION

APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS

APPENDIXBACK NEXT

DOCUMENTATION

TRANSFERRING OF MARCOTTED PLANTS TO POTS

APPENDIXBACK

DOCUMENTATION

TRANSFERRING OF MARCOTTED PLANTS TO POTS

INSERTION POINT -A

INSERTION POINT -B

INSERTION POINT -C

DEFENSE!!!

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