Defecation in the open V4 PDF
6
DEFECATION IN THE OPEN 1 billion people are forced to practice open defecation around the world. It causes cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, diarroeah, worm infestation, reduced physical growth, impaired cognitive function and undernutrition. Open spaces / Storm drains serve as latrines attracting both mosquitoes and house flies. We requested the Noguchi Memorial Institute of Ghana, known to lead scientific research in W. Africa, to test our product for its anti- properties. Below is an extract of their comprehensive study and report. [email protected] Extract of information from www. opendefecation.org issued by UNICEF
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Transcript of Defecation in the open V4 PDF
DEFECATION IN THE OPEN
1 billion people are forced to practice open defecation around the world.
It causes cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, diarroeah, worm infestation, reduced physical growth, impaired cognitive function and undernutrition.
Open spaces / Storm drains serve as latrines attracting both mosquitoes and house flies.
We requested the Noguchi Memorial Institute of Ghana, known to lead scientific
research in W. Africa, to test our product for its anti- properties. Below is an extract of
their comprehensive study and report.
Extract of information fromwww. opendefecation.orgissued by
UNICEF
5.3 Bacteriological testing
Results of different bacteriological analysis on MLC are indicated in Tables
1 and 2.
Table 1 shows the susceptibility pattern of test organisms to MLC Agar
Diffusion Test (Well Variant). The MIC or minimum inhibitory concentration
test determines antimicrobial activity of a material against specific bacteria.
The results showed that MLC liquid is effective in inhibiting the growth of 7
common pathogenic bacteria. The growth of all resistant bacteria was
effectively inhibited at a minimum concentration of 20% of the MLC (Table 2).
Test organisms
Zones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsZones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsZones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsZones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsZones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsZones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsZones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsZones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsZones of inhibition (mm) of MLC against test organismsTest organisms 1% 2% 5% 10% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% MICE. coli R R R R 30 30 30 30 30
20%
K. pneumonia R R R R 30 30 30 30 30
20%S. typhi R R R R 30 30 30 30 30 20%
P. mirabilis R R R R 30 30 30 30 30
20%
E. faecalis R R R R 30 30 30 30 30
20%
P. aeruginosa R R R R 30 30 30 30 30
20%
V. cholerae R R R R 30 30 30 30 30
20%
Key: resistant =R
Table 1 shows the susceptibility pattern of test organisms to MLC Agar Diffusion Test (Well Variant)
1ml of MLC1ml of MLC1ml of test organisms 1ml of test organisms 1ml of test organisms 1ml of test organisms 1ml of test organisms 1ml of test organisms 1ml of test organisms 1ml of test organisms
1ml of MLC1ml of MLCE. coli
K. pneumoniae
S. typhi
P. mirabilis
E. faecali
s
P. aeruginosa
V. cholerae
MIC
MLC 20% - - - - - - -
20%
MLC 40% - - - - - - -
20%
MLC
60% - - - - - - - 20%
MLC
80% - - - - - - -
20%
MLC
100% - - - - - - -
20%
Figure 8 shows the effect of MLC on bacterial growth on agar (middle petri dish contains no MLC as served as the control).
7.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, the test results showed that the product (MLC liquid) has good
larvicidal properties against Anopheles, Culex and Aedes mosquito species. The
effectiveness of MLC Preventine liquid in killing the different species of
mosquitoes indicates that when used in synergy with other vector control
interventions can help reduce vector-borne diseases such as malaria, yellow
fever and Lymphatic filariasis in Ghana.
MLC Preventine also exhibited very good antibacterial properties against
different bacteria species including E. coli, V. cholera and S. typhi found in
contaminated water.
June 2015 / Accra, Capital of Ghana
Heavy rains and floods wash over the storm drains create once again a Cholera endemic city.
Water EC (electric conductivty) for water with organic matter, is high.
Preventine MLC is a mix of natural minerals (ION’s) that connect instantly. Admister MLC concentrate which will instantly, within seconds, deal with all 7 waterborne Bacteria including E-Coli, V Cholera the major contributor to Cholera
We requested the Life Science Department of the Missouri University USA to conduct a study for effectiveness of diluted Preventine MLC reducing the survivability of the common house fly.
The 27 page study concuded that misted eggs, larva did not survive beyond a 24 hour period. (Mist = MLC 1ml Concentrate in 1 liter of water)
House flies attracted by effluent, human, farm or house pet and those that touch and transfer pathogens to our food chain, add to the high probability of dirreah, dissentry and watery dirreah, Cholera.
Odor
Obnoxious to humans, in particular pig waste with a high level of Ammonia and Hydrogen SulfideThe Draeger Odor meter and pump is constructed for gas to react to a specific compound in each tube.
We requested a full scientific study using 0.1 -0.9ml of MLC Concentrate over 1 liter of pure pig effluent. The following is an extract of results of NH3 - all our studies are available against an NDA to scientists for full evaluation.
Study Container Number
Effluent volume in milliliters
Product quantity in ml/L
Ammonia NH3 ppmAmmonia NH3 ppmAmmonia NH3 ppmStudy Container Number
Effluent volume in milliliters
Product quantity in ml/L
Trial # 1 Trial # 2 Trial # 3
Control 980 0 10 8 101 980 0.1 8 8 72 1,000 0.3 5 6 43 1,000 0.5 2.5 3 44 1,010 0.7 2.5 1 25 1,020 0.9 0 0 0
Detention time during the test - 1 hour with 30 minutes between trials
Sprayed freely with a diluted MLC mix over large areas of open defecation, we not only reduce odor but deter mosquitoes and house flies from oviposition of eggs. The Lincoln University of Missouri USA conducted studies for us in this respect.
Run offs to water that may be touched have the benefit of reduced risk of waterborne disease contamination and gases that are very dangerous to human health.
As a natural complex mineral liquid mix Preventine Ltd has achieved :
I. To provide an effective larvicide that kills eggs, larva (at all development stages) and pupa. (Anopheles/Culex/Aedes Aegypti)
II. Deter oviposition of eggs of mosquitoes and house flies on effluent.
III. Reduction / elimination of odor
IV. Effectively killing 7 waterborne diseases
V. Use as a disinfectant on hands
Preventine MLC is not just a larvicide but a safe product to protect human health.
Whether used by a professional or a child with our 1 liter bottle diluted mineral mix, NO respetory /clothing protection is required - MLC has no toxic fumes.
