Deepwater Kutei Basin- A New Petroleum Province

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© IPA, 2006 - 29th Annual Convention Proceedings, 2003

Contents

IPA03-G-175

Search PROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION

Twenty-Ninth Annual Convention & Ehi!ition, O"to!e# $%%

DEEP-WATER KUTEI BASIN: A NEW PETROLEUM PROVINCE

E. Guri!"# $.B. %&'i(#

L.S&)*&+"ri# ,. Du!&(##

M.S&i/u)# ,. D'r##

I. Bu2"!"# S. A)&r###

A. M"ri(r#

ABSTRACT

The e'lo#ation (u""e(( a"hieve) with the )i("ove#y

o* the Me#ah +e(a# an) e(t Seno *iel)( wa( #oun)

!#ea.in !e"au(e it )e/on(t#ate) *o# the *i#(t ti/e

that a 'et#oleu/ (y(te/ wa( '#e(ent in the )ee'-wate# a"#eae o* the 0utei +a(in1 Inten(ive e'lo#ation

a"tivity in the Ganal an) Ra'a. !lo".( !y the

Uno"al- Eni 'a#tne#(hi' ha( (in"e "on(t#aine) /any o*

the *a"to#( a**e"tin thi( Mio"ene-Plio"ene, 'alaeo-

)ee'-

wate# 'lay1 hil(t 'a'e#( have !een

'u!li(he) on

va#iou( ele/ent( o* the 'lay in #e"ent

yea#(, the o!2e"tive o* thi( 'a'e# i( to (ynthe(i3ethe .ey

ele/ent( into a (inle )e("#i'tion o* the enti#e

'lay1

The )o/inant (t#u"tu#e( in the '#e(ent-)ay )ee'-

wate# 'o#tion o* the 0utei +a(in a#e toe-th#u(t

7o# in(tan"e, the /il)ly (t#u"tu#e) U''e# Mio"ene(e"tion in the Cent#al P#ovin"e i( a( '#one whi(t inthe No#the#n P#ovin"e it "ontain( /ate#ial volu/e( o* !oth oil an) a(1

INTRODUCTION

In 8999, *ollowin the )i("ove#ie( in the e(t Seno

an) Me#ah +e(a# *iel)(, Uno"al an) Eni in

'a#tne#(hi' (ta#te) e'lo#ation a"tivity in the )ee'-

wate# Ra'a. an) Ganal PSC:(1 Su!(e6uently, a

(ini*i"ant (u""e(( #atio ha( !een a"hieve) in the(e

a#ea(1 7ive o* the )i("ove#ie( a#e "on(i)e#e) to !e

'otentially "o//e#"ial; the(e a#e the +an.a,Rana(, Gula, Gan)an an) Gen)alo *iel)(

47iu#e 851 Mo(t o* the )i("ove#ie( /a)e to )ate a#e

a(, with the Rana( )i("ove#y !ein the only one



wate# 'o#tion o* the 0utei +a(in a#e toe th#u(t y y

ha( !een a"hieve)1 Ove#all, the e((ential in#e)ient(*o# a wo#.in 'et#oleu/ 'lay a#e '#e(ent in the Ganal

an) Ra'a. PSC>(1 The "hallene *o# *utu#ee'lo#ation i( to )i("ove# a new 'lay whi"h '#o!a!lyun)e#lie( the ei(tin )i("ove#ie(1

REGIONAL GEOLOG6

A( with /any South-Ea(t A(ian !a(in(, a (e#ie( o*

hal* #a!en( *o#/e) )u#in the Eo"ene ti/e(, in

#e('on(e to a 'ha(e o* #eional eten(ion1 The

*o#/ation o* the Ma.a((a# St#ait an) the natu#e o* the"#u(t un)e#lyin the St#ait ha( lon !een )e!ate)1

Inte#'#etation o* (ei(/i" )ata ove# the no#th Ma.a((a#

(t#ait an) )ee'-wate# Maha.a/ )elta (u''o#t the

inte#'#etation o* Mi))le Eo"ene eten(ion with

a((o"iate) o"eani" "#u(t 4Mo((, $%%%51

Eten(ional hal* #a!en( we#e #a'i)ly *ille) with (yn-

#i*t (e)i/ent( an) *ollowe) !y )ee'enin o* the !a(inthat o""u##e) a( a (a 'ha(e )u#in the late Eo"ene toOlio"ene 'e#io)(1 Du#in the(e 'e#io)( N-SE !a(e/ent t#an(*e# 3one( )evelo'e), an) the(e late# !e"a/e the !oun)a#ie( !etween th#ee (t#u"tu#al '#ovin"e( with (lihtly )i**e#ent (t#u"tu#al hi(to#ie(;the no#the#n, "ent#al, an) (outhe#n '#ovin"e(,47iu#e $51

7#o/ the Mi))le Mio"ene the #eion "hane) *#o/ !ein in eten(ion to e'e#ien"in ESE-N

o#iente) "o/'#e((ion1 Thi( wa( the #e(ult o* an u'li*t

in the "ent#al #ane o* 0ali/antan "o/!ine) with the

4She#woo) et al1, $%%851 The (outhe#n /o(t 'a#t o* the

Ra'a. PSC an) the /a2o#ity o* the Ganal PSC lie

within the "ent#al '#ovin"e 47iu#e $51 A lowe# /anitu)e o* u'li*t "o/'a#e) to the no#the#n

'#ovin"e le) only to entle *ol)in in the "ent#al an)

(outhe#n '#ovin"e(1 In the "ent#al a#ea, )ee' (eate)

*ault( o# a )ee'e# )eta"h/ent '#o'aate) low #elie*

th#u(t (t#u"tu#e(1 The /a2o#ity o* the *ol)( in the

"ent#al '#ovin"e we#e ene#ate) *#o/ the Late

Mio"ene to the '#e(ent )ay 47iu#e <51 The (outhe#n

'#ovin"e a''ea#( to have two (t#u"tu#al #ei/e(1 The

Mi))le Mio"ene (e"tion "ontain( well )evelo'e) toe-th#u(t anti"line, whe#ea( the U''e# Mio"ene to

Re"ent (t#ata a#e only ently *ol)e) with no )i#e"t

#elation(hi' to the ol)e# toe-th#u(t( 47iu#e @51

Dee'-wate# )e'o(ition wa( o* "ou#(e in*luen"e) !ythe(e 'e#io)( o* (t#u"tu#al #owth1 The#e*o#e, the(t#u"tu#al va#iation a"#o(( the th#ee (t#u"tu#al

'#ovin"e( ha( ha) a (ini*i"ant i/'a"t on thehy)#o"a#!on )i(t#i!ution in the a#ea1

RESERVOIR

A (tu)y o* (e)i/enta#y a#"hite"tu#e( in #e"ent

(e)i/ent( a( an analoue *o# the ol)e# )ee'-wate#

)e'o(it( ha( !een "a##ie) out in the Ra'a. PSC

47owle# et al1, $%%851 Re(ult( o* the (tu)y we#e

utili3e) to "ali!#ate tho(e #e"ent /o)el( to the )#ille)Mio-Plio"ene inte#val( to ai) e'lo#ation an)

a''#ai(al o* hy)#o"a#!on )i("ove#ie( in the Ra'a. an)Ganal PSC( 4She#woo) et al1, $%%851



6uality o* the (an)(tone unit( i( inva#ia!ly e"ellent

with 8$B to @B 'o#o(itie( an) hun)#e)( o* /D to

Da#"y 'e#/ea!ilitie( '#oven !y hih *low #ate( whi"hwe#e a"hieve) *#o/ DST:(1 In the e(t Seno *iel),

#e(e#voi# "ha#a"te#i(ti"( a#e #elate) to )e'o(itional

*a"ie( an) the /a((ive (an)( have the !e(t #e(e#voi#

6uality 4Salle#, $%%%51 Si/ila# *eatu#e( we#e al(o

o!(e#ve) on "o#e( #e"ove#e) *#o/ the Gen)alo *iel)

in the Ganal PSC 47iu#e 51 De('ite the (an)( !ein

thin to ve#y thin !e))e), the #e(e#voi# 6uality i(

ene#ally e"ellent1 The /a2o#ity o* the )ee'-wate#

(an)( a#e 6ua#t3o(e1 An in"#ea(e in #o". *#a/ent"ontent )oe( not #e*le"t the "hane in (ou#"e

'#ovenan"e !ut i( in(tea) only a lo"al va#iation in

)i**e#ent )e'o(itional (ettin(1 Pet#o#a'hi" analy(i(

(ue(t( that the va#iation in 'o#o(ity wa( in*luen"e)

!y the a/ount an) )i(t#i!ution o* )et#ital /at#i an) !y (e"on)a#y /ine#al )evelo'/ent 4(i)e#ite, 'y#ite,

.aolinite, an) "hlo#ite51 The#e*o#e, the )e'o(itional

*a"ie( an) ove#!u#)en a#e the *a"to#( that a#e"ont#ollin /o(t o* the #e(e#voi# /ine#aloy1?oweve#, the well )ata )e/on(t#ate( the (an)(tone(

a#e 'e#/ea!le *o# a a( #e(e#voi# )own to at lea(t

8%,%%% *eet !elow (ea!e)1

E"ellent 6uality 6ua#t3o(e (an)(tone( in the Mio"eneto #e"ent #e(e#voi# (e"tion( have !een (u''lie) ina!un)an"e !y the u'li*t o* "ent#al +o#neo, )elive#e)

th#ouh the hue Maha.a/ Delta1 In a))ition, lo"alu'li*t o* the 0utei *ol)-!elt ha( '#ovi)e) a (e"on)"y"le (e)i/ent '#ovenan"e1 Dee'wate# #e(e#voi#( a#e(lo'e to !a(in *loo# tu#!i)ite(, the )e'o(itional 'atte#n

!y a (e#ie( o* (ta".e), (ha#' !a(e an) to' o# *inin

u'wa#) (e6uen"e( an) in)ivi)ual (an) 'a".ae( a#e

$@ to 9% *eet thi".1

SEAL

E"ellent (eal( a#e ene#ate) !y !oth int#a

*o#/ational /u)(tone( an) he/i'elai" /u)(tone(1

In)ivi)ual (an)(tone unit( en"a(e) !y int#a

*o#/ational /u)(tone( *#e6uently ehi!it thei# own

in)e'en)ent '#e((u#e #ei/e1 To' (eal a''ea#( to not

!e a #i(. *o# the /a2o#ity o* the Ra'a. an) Ganal)#ille) well(, with the e"e'tion o* the hihly (an)

'#one a#ea( lo"ate) to the *#ont o* the Maha.a/

Delta1 A6ui*e# *o#/ation '#e((u#e( )e#ive) *#o/

MDT /ea(u#e/ent( (u''o#te) !y lea. o** te(t(

4LOT5 have !een utili3e) to a((e(( the to' (eal

"a'a"ity1 Thi( i( e('e"ially "#u"ial *o# the (hallow '#o('e"tivity1 The #e(ult( (ue(t that the he/i'elai"

/u)(tone( "an !e e**e"tive (eal( to (ini*i"anthy)#o"a#!on "olu/n, even *o# a #elatively (hallow

#e(e#voi# 4at lea(t $%%% *eet !elow (ea !e)51

To' (eal lea.ae a"#o(( (o/e oil an) a( *iel)( )oe(

o""u#1 Thi( lea.ae /ani*e(t( it(el* a( a( "lou)(

a!ove the "#e(t o* t#a'( an) alon *ault 3one( an)

(o/eti/e( !uil)( u' the (hallow a( 'o".et(1

?y)#o"a#!on lea.ae alon *ault( "an in"#ea(e the

#i(. on to' (eal in a (t#u"tu#e, !ut on the othe# han) it '#ove( that the#e i( an a"tive 'et#oleu/ (y(te/ at the

'#o('e"t, an) *u#the#/o#e /ay hel' lea. o* a(,

leavin the '#o('e"t #elatively en#i"he) in oil1



(ilt(tone( an) not in the (hale1 The o#ani" *#a/ent(

a#e ("atte#e) "haoti"ally within the (an)( o# o#ani(e)

into 'a#allel la/inae, /e"hani"ally "ont#olle) !y the)en(ity o* the tu#!i)ity "u##ent1 In a hih )en(ity *low,

the o#ani" *#a/ent( a#e #an)o/ly ("atte#e) within

the (an)(, whil(t within the low )en(ity *low the

o#ani" /ate#ial( !e"o/e( "on"ent#ate) into la/inae

a( (een in the "o#e( 47iu#e 8%51 Thouh unu(ual, thi(

(ou#"e #o". i( "lea#ly ve#y e**e"tive; the /a2o#ity o*

(t#u"tu#e( )#ille) a#e a)e6uately "ha#e)1

The#e have !een (o/e o'ti"al .e#oen ty'in

analy(e( 'e#*o#/e) on the (ou#"e #o". (a/'le(1

hen it i( la/inate), the o#ani" /ate#ial a''ea#( to

!e (t#iate) a( it i( u(ually *o#/e) !y lea* *#a/ent( in

the /o)e#n Maha.a/ Delta )e'o(it( 47iu#e 8$51 A(

(een in (o/e "o#e( the#e a#e a "ou'le o* "enti/et#e(thi". t#ue "oal( '#e(ent1 Cutinite /a"e#al whi"h wa(

)e#ive) *#o/ lan) 'lant lea* *#a/ent( wa( onlyi)enti*ie) when the "oaly o# lea* *#a/ent( !uilt a

(ini*i"ant thi".ne(( in the (an)( 4Rui Lin, 'e#(1

"o//1, $%%51 The )o/inant o#ani" /atte# ty'e( a#e

a non *luo#e("in a/o#'hou( he#!a"eou( .e#oen

4<@B-%B51 The #e/ain)e# a#e oil '#one li'tiniti"

.e#oen( 4u' to 8%B5, a( '#one vit#initi" .e#oen(

4u' to $%B5, an) ine#tinite .e#oen( 4u' to <%B51

New (ou#"e #o". .ineti"( analy(i( "a##ie) out on the

i//atu#e U''e# Mio"ene (a/'le( "on"lu)e that

(ou#"e #o".( a#e *oun) to !e #i"h, !ut '#i/a#ily a(

hil(t the (ou#"e i( u(ually '#e(ent (o/ewhe#e in the

(t#ati#a'hi" (e"tion 4Plio"ene to Mi))le Mio"ene o#

!elow5 in any 'a#ti"ula# lo"ation, it i( i/'o#tant tonote that the (ou#"e *a"ie( i( "on*ine) to the hih

ene#y (an) '#one (e6uen"e(1 ?en"e, inte#val( in the

!a(in la".in the(e hih ene#y *a"ie( will not

ene#ate hy)#o"a#!on( even i* they have the

a''#o'#iate /atu#ity1

MIGRATION AND MATURATION

Mi#ation i( anothe# .ey *a"to# a**e"tin the)i(t#i!ution o* oil #elative to a(1 Matu#ity /o)elinove# the U''e# Mio"ene (e"tion (ue(t( that a(i/'le late#al /i#ation #oute *#o/ the .it"hen i( notli.ely a( the inte#venin (yn"line( a#e i//atu#e1+e(i)e(, a #a'i) late#al *a"ie( "hane in the )ee'-wate# tu#!i)ite (ettin /a)e a late#al /i#ation i(not (o e**e"tive1 The /o(t li.ely /i#ation #oute *#o/the

/atu#e .it"hen in the Mi))le Mio"ene (e"tion tothe

i//atu#e U''e# Mio"ene an) Plio"ene#e(e#voi#

(e"tion( i( via ve#ti"al *ault( an) thi(/e"hani(/ /ay enhan"e the '#o'o#tion o* oil#elative to a(1 A

t#an(*o#/ation #atio ha( !een u(e)to '#e)i"t the /atu#ity, a( it '#ovi)e( the only )i#e"t/ea(u#e/ent

o* the #ate an) etent o* the .e#oen"onve#(ion to hy)#o"a#!on(1 The /o)elin ove# the(yn"linal a#ea

in the Ra'a. *ol)!elt (ue(te) that

the

t#an(*o#/ation #atio e"ee)e) @%B, "o//en"e)at 9

Ma 4Late Mio"ene5 an) #e6ui#e) a !u#ial)e'th #eate# than 8%,%%% *eet1 Thi( wa( (yn to 'o(t the

(t#u"tu#al *o#/ation ti/in o* /o(t o* the)i i



via an oil "#a".in #oute( #athe# than a )ee' the#/al

hih /atu#ity a(1 An e/'i#i"al o!(e#vation on the

ve#ti"al /i#ation "a(e( /a)e in the o**(ho#e 0utei+a(in (u''o#t( the #ole o* #elative )e#ee o* *aultin

#elate( to the oil )i("ove#ie( 47iu#e 8<51 In a))ition,

the#e i( "i#"u/(tantial evi)en"e in)i"atin the

/i#ation o* oil i( i/'ai#e) #elative to that o* a(1

Thi( "on"lu(ion "o/e( *#o/ the o!(e#vation that

(o/e a( well( "ontain /o#e "on)en(ate with )e'th

a( the /atu#e .it"hen i( a''#oa"he)1

Ove#all, the "o/'li"ate) a##ane/ent o* a(, oil, an)

wate# in (ta".e) 'ay ho#i3on( in *iel)( (u"h a( in the

Rana( *iel), )e/on(t#ate( hy)#o"a#!on ene#ation

an) "ha#e i( a "o/'li"ate) /ulti 'ha(e '#o"e((1

Mi#ation *#a"tionation i( #e('on(i!le *o# (e#eatin

the a( 3one( *#o/ the oil 3one(, a( (ue(te) !y theMe#ah +e(a# an) Seno *iel)( 4Lin et al, $%%%51

?oweve#, thi( i( not the /ain "ont#ol on ty'e( o* hy)#o"a#!on a""u/ulation in the Ra'a. an) Ganal

PSC(1

TRAP

The eten(ive D "ove#ae availa!le in Ra'a. an)

Ganal PSC>( '#ovi)e( a #elia!le !a(i( *o# hy)#o"a#!on

t#a' i)enti*i"ation1 It a''ea#( that the /ain *ailu#e/e"hani(/ in the a#ea wa( )#iven !y the *a"t that

only $D (ei(/i" wa( availa!le '#io# to )#illin1 The/a2o#ity o* the '#oven hy)#o"a#!on a""u/ulation(

The Ganal PSC, whi"h i( (ituate) in the Cent#al an)

Southe#n '#ovin"e( i( "ha#a"te#i3e) !y )ee' (eate)

th#u(t( within the Mi))le Mio"ene (e"tion1 The(eth#u(t *ault( '#o'aate) entle anti"line( in the

ove#lyin U''e# Mio"ene to Plio"ene (e"tion an)

"#eate) e"ellent "lo(u#e( *o# (o/e o* the )i("ove#ie(

47iu#e 8@51 The (t#u"tu#al /ove/ent that ene#ally

"o//en"e) in the U''e# Mio"ene, in /o(t o* the

"a(e( ha) only little "ont#ol on the (an) )e'o(ition in

Ganal, whi"h wa( ove#"o/e !y an ove#whel/in

hih (e)i/ent in*lu )u#in that 'e#io) o* ti/e1

$UTURE C%ALLENGE

The )ee'wate# #e(e#voi#( )#ille) to )ate a#e (lo'e to !a(e o* (lo'e tu#!i)ite( whi"h a#e (t#u"tu#ally an)(t#ati#a'hi"ally t#a''e)1 A /o#e )i(tal *a"ie( o* !a(in*loo# *an tu#!i)ite( ha( not yet !een en"ounte#e)17u#the#/o#e, a *ull (e"tion o* Mi) Mio"ene (e"tion(ittin at #eate# than 8%,%%% *eet !elow /u) line ha(yet to !e te(te) un)e#neath the ei(tin )i("ove#ie(1

Cont#a(tin with the (ituation in the !einnin o* thee'lo#ation (tae, an eten(ive D (ei(/i" #i) i(now availa!le ove# the enti#e a"#eae1 ?en"e, thi((houl) #e)u"e the #i(. on hy)#o"a#!on t#a' an) theetent an) eo/et#y o* #e(e#voi#1 ?oweve#, /ulti'leene#y *#o/ the a!un)ant a( hy)#ate( an) the #uo(e

(ea !e), o*ten hin)e#( the u(e o* (ei(/i" )ata *o# /o#e)etaile) #e(e#voi# (tu)ie(1 P#e-(ta". ti/e /i#ationha( alleviate) (o/e o* the(e '#o!le/(, !ut not"o/'letely, an) (ei(/i" #e-'#o"e((in e**o#t( a#e ani * * . A ) h



)#ille) on the toe-th#u(t anti"line have *aile) leave( u(

to won)e# i* the *ault ha( !een lea.in the

hy)#o"a#!on(1 The#e i( no )etaile) (tu)y yet"on)u"te) on thi( i((ue1

CONCLUSIONS

1. The e'lo#ation '#o#a/( in the Ra'a. an) Ganal

PSC( have '#oven the '#e(en"e o* a new

'et#oleu/ '#ovin"e in the )ee'-wate# 0utei

+a(in1

2. Even thouh all the ele/ent( *o# a wo#.in

'et#oleu/ (y(te/ ei(t in the a#ea, the *ailu#e

/e"hani(/ o* (o/e well( i( )i**i"ult to e'lain1

3. Re(e#voi# 6uality i( ene#ally e"ellent in va#iou((e)i/enta#y *a"ie(1 DST( have *lowe) '#ovinthe )elive#a!ility o* the #e(e#voi# an) al(o

)e/on(t#atin that the a( /ay a"tually !e #i"h in"on)en(ate1

4. Sou#"e #o".( a#e (een e"lu(ively in a((o"iation

with the (an)( an) (ilt(tone( an) not in the (hale,

an) we#e t#an('o#te) *#o/ the )elta into the

tu#!i)ite !a(in !y tu#!i)ity "u##ent(1

5. A /atu#e Mi) Mio"ene (ou#"e #o". ha( not yet

!een 'enet#ate) !y the )#ille) well(, an) thu( the

ea"t lo"u( o* /atu#e .it"hen that woul) #elate to

the hy)#o"a#!on ene#ation ti/in #e/ain(

un"e#tain

woul) li.e to e'#e(( ('e"ial than.( to he# )ea#

hu(!an) *o# hi( "ontinue) (u''o#t1

RE$ERENCES

A#"he#, R1A1, G#aha/, R1?1, $%%81 Geo"he/i"al

/o)elin o* 'et#oleu/ ene#ation in the o**(ho#e

0utei +a(in, In)one(ia1 Eni Ra'a.-Ganal inte#nal

#e'o#t1

Dunha/, 1+1, +#own, T11, Lin, R1, Re)hea), R1+1,

S"hwin, ?171, Shi#ley, S1?1, $%%%1 A!(t#a"t FT#an('o#t an) "on"ent#ation o* a( an) oil '#one.e#oen( into )ee'-wate# (e)i/ent( o* the 0utei+a(in, Ea(t 0ali/antan, In)one(ia1 A!(t#a"t( $%%%AAPG Inte#national Con*e#en"e & Ehi!ition,

'1 A$1

7owle#, 1N1, Gu#itno, E1, She#woo), P1, S/ith, M11,$%%$1 De'o(itional a#"hite"tu#e( o* #e"ent )ee'-wate# )e'o(it( in the 0utei !a(in, Ea(t 0ali/antan1

P#o"ee)in In)one(ian Pet#oleu/ A((o"iation, $th

Annual Convention, '1 <%9-<$$1

Gu#itno, E1, Cha/!e#(, 1L1C1, $%%%1 No#th RuntuPSCF The *i#(t '#oven 'et#oleu/ 'lay in the 0utei !a(in1 P#o"ee)in In)one(ian Pet#oleu/ A((o"iation,

$th

Annual Convention, '1 =8 - %1

Lin, R1, S"hwin, ?171, De".e#, 1, $%%%1 A!(t#a"t F

Sou#"e an) /i#ation in Ma.a((a# )ee'-wate#

'et#oleu/ (y(te/, Ea(t 0ali/antan, In)one(ia1

A! $%%% AAPG I i l C * &



Salle#, A1, $%%81 Se)i/entoloy o* "o#e( *#o/

Gen)alo1 Uno"al Coo#'o#ation inte#nal #e'o#t1

She#woo), P1, Ala#, S1, Go**ey, G1, +u(ono, I1,

7owle#, 1N1, 7#an"oi(, 1, S/ith, M11, St#on, A1,$%%81 Co/'a#i(on o* #e"ent an) Mio-Plio"ene )ee'-wate# )e'o(it( in the 0utei !a(in, Ea(t 0ali/antan1

P#o"ee)in In)one(ian Pet#oleu/ A((o"iation, $th1

Annual Convention, '1 <$ - <1



$iur 1 - Lo"ation /a' o* the Ganal an) Ra'a. PSC( in the )ee'-wate# 0utei +a(in1



$iur - 0utei !a(in (t#u"tu#al *#a/ewo#. (howin the !#oa) (t#u"tu#al '#ovin"e(, "o/'#e((ional )i#e"tion an) (e)i/ent (ou#"e1



EARL !I""LE !I#CE$ESTEEP SLOPE

EXTENSION TOE THRUSTS

E$" !I""LE !I#CE$E

COLLAPSE CONTINUES

INVERSION CREATES HIGH FROM

WHICH EXTENSIONAL INITIATED

LISTRIC BRE AKAWAYS

%PPER !I#CE$E - RECE$& &EC&#$IC

C#!PRE''I#$

EXTENSIONTOE THRUSTS

$iur 3 - St#u"tu#al evolution o* the No#the#n '#ovin"e1 A hihe# )e#ee o* u'li*t le) to a (te' (lo'e o* the (hel* !#ea. thu( t#ie#in a #avity

"olla'(e1 Co/!ine) with the "o/'#e((ion, it eten)e) to a (e#ie( o* toe th#u(tin *ault( in the out!oa#) a#ea1



EARL !I""LE !I#CE$E(E$&LE 'L#PE !A PRE)E$& PR#(RA"A&I#$

E*&E$&I#$ "E)EL#PI$( +ERE ,Progressive doinant o. (A$AL

Punctuated Ls t "oinan t +'&lo/stands as 'L0 dro1s

'hel. edge oves out ra1idl2

!I$#R E*&E$&I#$

"EEPER "E&AC+!E$& , !I$#R &#E &+R%'&

E$" !I""LE !I#CE$ERAPI" PR#(RA"A&I#$

LI!I&E" 3 &IP 4#L"(A$AL

I$)ER'I#$

'EA

LE)EL

L#5ER

&+R%'& +I(+ ACCE$&%A&E"

3 C#!PRE''I#$

%PPER !I#CE$E - RECE$&

)ER !I$#R PR#(RA"A&I#$

(A$AL

C#$&I$%E"

I$)ER'I#$ 3REA6A5A',

(A$AL

'&R%C&%RE'

(A$AL '&R%&%RE' 4#R! A' !I$#R &IP 4#L"'

A$"7#R 3REA6A5A -A''#CIA&E" &#E &+R%'&'

$iur 8 - St#u"tu#al evolution o* the Cent#al '#ovin"e1 The entle (lo'e /iht '#event eten(ion( )evelo'in in the (hel* !#ea. a#ea1 Th#u(t *ault

(y(te/( we#e )ee' (eate) an) '#o'aate) entle anti"line(1



EARL !I""LE !I#CE$E

(A$AL

Old Delta ?

E*&E$'I#$&#E &+R%'&'

E$" !I""LE !I#CE$E

Perintis-8

(A$AL

LI'&RIC 3REA6A5A

I$)ER'I#$

I$I&IA&E'

P%L'E #4 &+R%'&I$(

4#LL#5E" 3"E)EL#P!E$&

#4 LI'&R IC 3REA6A5A'

%PPER !I#CE$E - RECE$& (A$AL

'+EL4 E"(E REL A&I)EL

'&A3LELOCALISED

BREAKAWAYS

I$)ER'I#$ C#$&I$%E'

)ER LI!I&E"&+R%'&I$(

!I$#R %0!I#CE$E

&+R%'& +I(+

$iur 5 - St#u"tu#al evolution o* the Southe#n '#ovin"e1 The (lo'e !#ea. anle wa( #elatively (tee'e# in the Southe#n '#ovin"e than in the Cent#al '#ovin"e1 A( a #e(ult, a ve#y li/ite) an) ol)e# toe th#u(tin (y(te/ *o#/e), whi"h wa( '#o!a!ly "o/'letely (e'a#ate) *#o/ the youne#

(t#u"tu#al #ei/e1

PRE

'E$

&

"A

C#A

'&

PRE

'E$

&

"A

C#A

'&

PRE

'E$

&

"A

C#A

'&



Note A !"# $%t&o'' a((l)ed to *et a l)+ea, ')tto t-e data. Belo/ !"# (o,o0)t12 (e,3ea4)l)t1

)0 5e,1 lo/ 64elo/ ! 3D7.

Ma00)5e ')+e 0a+d 6Ta7

Ho,)8o+tal $%,,e+t la3)+ated ')+e 0a+d 6T47

R)((led 5e,1 ')+e 0a+d 6T$7

R)((le to la3)+ated 0a+d /)t- 3)+o,

3%d0to+e S%4e9%al ,)((led:la3)+ated 0a+d

a+d 3%d0to+e

Cla1&,)$- 0a+d0to+e ; ,)((le 4%,,o/ed2 (oo,l1 0o,ted

M%d0to+e /)t- 3)+o, 0a+d

M%d0to+e /)t- ,a,e2 d)0$o+t)+%o%0 0a+d

S-ale $la0t $o+*lo3e,ate:4,e$$)a

Sa+d1 3%d0to+e

La3)+ated 3%d0to+e

B%,,o/d 3%d0to+e

$iur 7 - Po#o(ity ve#(u( 'e#/ea!ility o* va#iou( (e)i/entoloi"al *a"ie( o* U''e# Mio"ene ae (an)( 4A#t Salle#,$%%$51 Ma((ive *ine (an) ha( the

!e(t 'o#o(itie( an) 'e#/ea!ilitie(1



$iur - Di("ove#y that ha( !een /a)e in the U''e# Mio"ene (lo'e "hannel "o/'le1 e(t-ea(t t#en)in "hannel( a#e '#o!a!ly !oun)e) to theno#th !y we(t-ea(t t#en)in no#/al *ault( an) a#e (howin low (inuou(ity1 The lo /oti* o* the (lo'e "hannel (an)( a#e (ha#' !a(e, !lo".yto *inin u'wa#)1



$iur ; - Ea/'le o* a )i("ove#y in the toe o* (lo'e (ettin1 The thi".ne(( o* the *an "o/'le i( u' to %% *eet in well-< with e"ellent #e(e#voi# 6uality1 Ga//a Ray an) )ee' In)u"tion Lo "o##elation( (how S= thi".ne(( "hane( !etween the aial 4well-<5 an) e)e 4well-@5

'o#tion( o* the !a(e o* the (lo'e *an "o/'le1



$iur 10 - Ma((ive *ine #aine) (an) with la/ina# "a#!ona"eou( /ate#ial( 4thin !la". #ain5 inte#'#ete) a(

*o((il leave(1 The lea* *#a/ent( we#e )e#ive) *#o/ the )elta that ha( !een t#an('o#te) with an)

)e'o(ite) in, the tu#!i)ite( (an)(1 Po#o(ity %1@B with 'e#/ea!ility $$% /D 4at $%%% '(i51



$iur 1 - Mo)e#n Maha.a/ )elta )e'o(it( - lea* *#a/ent( a#e ve#y "o//only *oun) in the o**(ho#e !a#1



$iur 13 - an 0#evellen )ia#a/ (how( that ty'e III .e#oen( a#e '#e)o/inant1



$iur 18 - Dia#a/ o* *aultin )e#ee ve#(u( oilHa( )i("ove#ie(, (howin that oil i( a((o"iate) with the (t#u"tu#e( with /o#e *aultin1 7ault( with(ini*i"ant )i('la"e/ent a#e #e6ui#e) to /i#ate oil( to the (hallowe# #e(e#voi#(1 Othe#wi(e the li6ui) hy)#o"a#!on( woul) #e/aint#a''e) in the )ee'e# #e(e#voi#( 4"ontainin the (ou#"e #o". /ate#ial5, until it #ea"he) the oil to a( "#a".in level1



%PPER !I#CE$E -RECE$&

&EC&#$IC

C#!PRE''I#$

E*&E$'I#$ &#E

&+R%'&'

WE

$iur 15 - T#a' ty'e in the

No#the#n '#ovin"e1 The toeth#u(t anti"line(



an) *ault '#o'aation*ol)( a#e the '#i/a#yt#a'1 Ea#ly anti"line(have little #e(e#voi# onthe "#e(t an) the#e*o#e,the (e)i/ent( a#e 'on)e)

in the (yn"line1 Theanti"line( have hihe# a/'litu)e(, (ho#te# wavelenth

an) a#e /o#e

"o/'a#t/entali3e)1



NW SE

$iur 19 - T#a' ty'e in the Cent#al '#ovin"e1 Gentle *ault '#o'aation anti"line( a#e the '#i/a#y t#a'1 Re(e#voi#( a#e /o(tly '#e-(t#u"tu#al #owth

an) the#e*o#e a#e #elatively /o#e eten(ive than in the No#the#n '#ovin"e1

Deepwater Kutei Basin- A New Petroleum Province

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